HTML: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:55, 1 April 2025

Latest revision as of 22:44, 13 August 2025

(8 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown)

Line 1:

{{Short description|HyperText Markup Languagelanguage for documents}}

{{Redirect2|.htm|.html||HTM (disambiguation){{!}}HTM}}

{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}

Line 27:

}}

{{HTML}}

'''Hypertext Markup Language''' ('''HTML''') is the standard [[markup language]]{{efn|Even though HTML can be run in a browser, it is not viewed as a [[programming language]] in programming language discourse.<ref>{{Cite journalbook |author-link=Felienne Hermans|last1=Hermans |first1=Felienne |last2=Schlesinger |first2=Ari |title=Proceedings of the 2024 ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software |chapter=A Case for Feminism in Programming Language Design |date=2024-10-17|doi=10.1145/3689492.3689809|journal=[[OOPSLA]] |language=en |publisher=ACM |pages=205–222 |doi=10.1145/3689492.3689809 |isbn=979-8-4007-1215-9}}</ref>}} for documents designed to be displayed in a [[web browser]]. It defines the content and structure of [[web content]]. It is often assisted by technologies such as [[Cascading Style Sheets]] (CSS) and [[scripting language]]s such as [[JavaScript]], a programming language.

[[Web browser]]s receive HTML documents from a [[web server]] or from local storage and [[browser engine|render]] the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a [[web page]] [[Semantic Web|semantically]] and originally included cues for its appearance.

[[HTML element]]s are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, [[HTML element#Images and objects|images]] and other objects such as [[Fieldset|interactive forms]] may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means to create [[structured document]]s by denoting structural [[semantics]] for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, [[Hyperlink|links]], quotes, and other items. HTML elements are delineated by ''tags'', written using [[Bracket#Angle brackets|angle brackets]]. Tags such as {{code|lang=html|code=<img>}} and {{code|lang=html|<input>}} directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as {{code|lang=html|code=<p>}} and {{code|lang=html|code=</p>}} surround and provide information about document text and may include sub-element tags. [[Web browser|Browsers]] do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.

HTML can embed programs written in a [[scripting language]] such as [[JavaScript]], which affects the behavior and content of web pages. The inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content. The [[World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and current maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of [[CSS]] over explicit presentational HTML {{as of|1997|lc=y|since=y|post=.}}<ref name="deprecated">{{cite web|title=HTML 4.0 Specification — W3C Recommendation — Conformance: requirements and recommendations |url=https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40-971218/conform.html#deprecated|date=December 18, 1997|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705040855/http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40-971218/conform.html|archive-date=July 5, 2015|access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> A form of HTML, known as [[HTML5]], is used to display video and audio, primarily using the {{code|lang=html|<canvas>}} element, together with JavaScript.

Line 249:

Escaping also allows for characters that are not easily typed, or that are not available in the document's [[character encoding]], to be represented within the element and attribute content. For example, the acute-accented <code>e</code> (<code>é</code>), a character typically found only on Western European and South American keyboards, can be written in any HTML document as the entity reference <code>&amp;eacute;</code> or as the numeric references <code>&amp;#xE9;</code> or <code>&amp;#233;</code>, using characters that are available on all keyboards and are supported in all character encodings. [[Unicode]] character encodings such as [[UTF-8]] are compatible with all modern browsers and allow direct access to almost all the characters of the world's writing systems.<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Unicode Standard'': A Technical Introduction |publisher=Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/standard/principles.html|access-date=2010-03-16}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

|+HTML escape sequence examples

|+Example HTML Escape Sequences

!Named

!Decimal

Line 476:

== WHATWG HTML versus HTML5 ==

{{Main|#Transition of HTML Publicationpublication to WHATWG}}

The HTML Living Standard, which is developed by WHATWG, is the official version, while W3C HTML5 is no longer separate from WHATWG.

Line 483:

There are some [[WYSIWYG]] editors (''what you see is what you get''), in which the user lays out everything as it is to appear in the HTML document using a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI), often similar to [[word processor]]s. The editor renders the document rather than showing the code, so authors do not require extensive knowledge of HTML.

The WYSIWYG editing model has been criticized,<ref>Sauer, C.: WYSIWIKI&nbsp;– Questioning WYSIWYG in the Internet Age. In: Wikimania (2006)</ref><ref>Spiesser, J., Kitchen, L.: Optimization of HTML automatically generated by WYSIWYG programs. In: 13th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 355—364355–364. WWW '04. ACM, New York, NY (New York, NY, U.S., May 17–20, 2004)</ref> primarily because of the low quality of the generated code; there are voices{{who|date=June 2020}} advocating a change to the [[WYSIWYM]] model (''what you see is what you mean'').

WYSIWYG editors remain a controversial topic because of their perceived flaws such as: