HTML: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|HyperText Markup Languagelanguage for documents}}

{{Redirect2|.htm|.html||HTM (disambiguation){{!}}HTM}}

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{{HTML}}

'''Hypertext Markup Language''' ('''HTML''') is the standard [[markup language]]{{efn|Even though HTML can be run in a browser, it is not viewed as a [[programming language]] in programming language discourse.<ref>{{Cite book |author-link=Felienne Hermans|last1=Hermans |first1=Felienne |last2=Schlesinger |first2=Ari |title=Proceedings of the 2024 ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software |chapter=A Case for Feminism in Programming Language Design |date=2024-10-17 |language=en |publisher=ACM |pages=205–222 |doi=10.1145/3689492.3689809 |isbn=979-8-4007-1215-9}}</ref>}} for documents designed to be displayed in a [[web browser]]. It defines the content and structure of [[web content]]. It is often assisted by technologies such as [[Cascading Style Sheets]] (CSS) and [[scripting language]]s such as [[JavaScript]], a programming language.

[[Web browser]]s receive HTML documents from a [[web server]] or from local storage and [[browser engine|render]] the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a [[web page]] [[Semantic Web|semantically]] and originally included cues for its appearance.

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Escaping also allows for characters that are not easily typed, or that are not available in the document's [[character encoding]], to be represented within the element and attribute content. For example, the acute-accented <code>e</code> (<code>é</code>), a character typically found only on Western European and South American keyboards, can be written in any HTML document as the entity reference <code>&amp;eacute;</code> or as the numeric references <code>&amp;#xE9;</code> or <code>&amp;#233;</code>, using characters that are available on all keyboards and are supported in all character encodings. [[Unicode]] character encodings such as [[UTF-8]] are compatible with all modern browsers and allow direct access to almost all the characters of the world's writing systems.<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Unicode Standard'': A Technical Introduction |publisher=Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/standard/principles.html|access-date=2010-03-16}}</ref>

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|+HTML escape sequence examples

|+Example HTML Escape Sequences

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== WHATWG HTML versus HTML5 ==

{{Main|#Transition of HTML Publicationpublication to WHATWG}}

The HTML Living Standard, which is developed by WHATWG, is the official version, while W3C HTML5 is no longer separate from WHATWG.

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There are some [[WYSIWYG]] editors (''what you see is what you get''), in which the user lays out everything as it is to appear in the HTML document using a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI), often similar to [[word processor]]s. The editor renders the document rather than showing the code, so authors do not require extensive knowledge of HTML.

The WYSIWYG editing model has been criticized,<ref>Sauer, C.: WYSIWIKI&nbsp;– Questioning WYSIWYG in the Internet Age. In: Wikimania (2006)</ref><ref>Spiesser, J., Kitchen, L.: Optimization of HTML automatically generated by WYSIWYG programs. In: 13th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 355—364355–364. WWW '04. ACM, New York, NY (New York, NY, U.S., May 17–20, 2004)</ref> primarily because of the low quality of the generated code; there are voices{{who|date=June 2020}} advocating a change to the [[WYSIWYM]] model (''what you see is what you mean'').

WYSIWYG editors remain a controversial topic because of their perceived flaws such as: