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Added a clarification that the cases of speech production in both hemispheres occur in split-brain patients, while also correcting grammar and punctuation for clarity and accuracy. |
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The permitted organization of words, called [[grammar]], is lateralized in only one hemisphere, typically the left one. These functions include "understanding verbs, pluralizations, the possessive, and active-passive differences" and understanding changes in meaning due to word order.<ref name=":2" /> However, the right hemisphere is able to judge when a sentence is grammatically correct, which may indicate that patterns of speech are learned by rote rather than applied through understanding rules.<ref name=":2" />
[[Speech]] production and language comprehension are specialized in [[Broca's area|Broca's]] and [[Wernicke's area|Wernicke's]] areas respectively, which are located in the left hemisphere for 96% of right-handers and 70% of left-handers.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Griggs2012">{{cite book |title=Psychology : a concise introduction |vauthors=Griggs RA |date=2012 |publisher=Worth Publishers |isbn=978-1429261555 |edition=3rd |___location=New York, NY}}</ref> However, there
In [[writing]], studies attempting to isolate the linguistic component of written language in terms of brain lateralization could not provide enough evidence of a difference in the relative activation of the brain hemispheres between left-handed and right-handed adults.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Papadopoulou AK, Samsouris C, Vlachos F, Badcock N, Phylactou P, Papadatou-Pastou | title = Exploring cerebral laterality of writing and the relationship to handedness: a functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound investigation | journal = Laterality | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 117–150 | date = November 2023 | doi = 10.1080/1357650X.2023.2284407| pmid = 38112692 }}</ref>
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=== Popular psychology ===
{{Further|Popular psychology}}[[File:Brain Lateralization.svg|thumb|right|Oversimplification of lateralization in pop psychology. This belief was widely held even in the scientific community for some years.]]
Some popularizations oversimplify the science about lateralization, by presenting the functional differences between hemispheres as being more absolute than is actually the case.<ref name="Westen 2006">{{cite book| vauthors = Westen D, Burton L, Kowalski K |title=Psychology : Australian and New Zealand edition|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|___location=Milton, Qld.|isbn=9780470805527}}</ref>{{rp|107}}<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Toga AW, Thompson PM | title = Mapping brain asymmetry | journal = Nature Reviews Neuroscience | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 37–48 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12511860 | doi = 10.1038/nrn1009 }}</ref> Interestingly, research has shown quite opposite function of brain lateralisation, i.e. right hemisphere creatively and chaotically links between concepts and left hemisphere tends to adhere to specific date and time, although generally adhering to the pattern of left-brain as linguistic interpretation and right brain as spatio-temporal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psychology.stackexchange.com/questions/16096/brain-right-hemisphere-is-random-and-left-hemisphere-is-linear-really|title = Cognitive psychology - Brain Right hemisphere is random and left hemisphere is linear? Really? | publisher = Stack Exchange, Inc }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2025|certain=y|reason=Psychology stack exchange is a forum, not a trustworthy source of information.}}<ref name="pmid10869045">{{cite journal |last1=Gazzaniga |first1=M. S. |title=Cerebral specialization and interhemispheric communication: Does the corpus callosum enable the human condition? |journal=Brain |date=July 2000 |volume=123 |issue=7 |pages=1293–1326 |doi=10.1093/brain/123.7.1293 |pmid=10869045 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Sex differences===
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