Ogg formats in HTML5: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Adoption of multimedia formats for the Web}}

{{Multiple issues|

{{Update|date=January 2019}}

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}}

{{HTML}}

The [[HTML5]] draft specification adds <code>video</code> and <code>audio</code> [[HTML element|elements]] for '''embedding video and audio in HTML documents'''. The specification had formerly recommended support for playback of '''[[Theora]] video and [[Vorbis]] audio encapsulated in [[Ogg]] [[Container format (digital)|containers]]''' to provide for easier distribution of audio and video over the internet by using [[open standard]]s, but the recommendation was soon after dropped.

==Motivation==

{{Original research section|date=January 2012}}

Because some visitors and publishers choose not to take part in the use of [[proprietary software]], web content has been made available through [[open standard]]s in order to reach these users. As multimedia is already mainstream on the web through proprietary data formats (such as [[Windows Media Video]] and [[MPEG-4 Part 14|MP4]]) and browser [[Plug-in (computing)|plugin]]s (such as [[Adobe Flash Player]]), developers{{Who|date=January 2018}} had hoped Theora and Vorbis would become part of the HTML5 specification.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ogg Theora, H.264 and the HTML 5 Browser Squabble | date = 6 July 2009 | author = RoughlyDrafted Magazine | publisher = RoughlyDrafted Magazine | url = http://www.roughlydrafted.com/2009/07/06/ogg-theora-h-264-and-the-html-5-browser-squabble/ | access-date = 14 February 2010 | archive-date = 3 December 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101203202243/http://www.roughlydrafted.com/2009/07/06/ogg-theora-h-264-and-the-html-5-browser-squabble/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

| title = Ogg Theora, H.264 and the HTML 5 Browser Squabble | date = 6 July 2009

| author = RoughlyDrafted Magazine | publisher = RoughlyDrafted Magazine

| url = http://www.roughlydrafted.com/2009/07/06/ogg-theora-h-264-and-the-html-5-browser-squabble/ | access-date = 14 February 2010

}}</ref>

Users affiliated with the free software movement claimed the following advantages:

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[[Opera Software]] and [[Mozilla Foundation|Mozilla]] have been advocates for including the Ogg formats into the HTML standard.<ref>{{cite web

|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,140408-pg,1/article.html

|title=Mozilla, Opera Want to Make Video on the Web Easier
|publisher=PC World
|date=2007-12-07

|access-date=2009-06-30

|archive-date=2008-04-24

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424090201/http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,140408-pg,1/article.html

|url-status=dead

}}</ref>

Support has been available in experimental builds of [[Opera (browser)|Opera]] 9.5 since 2007,<ref>{{cite web

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|url = http://www.seamonkey-project.org/releases/seamonkey2.0/

|access-date = 2009-10-31}}</ref>), released on June 30, 2009, was the first non-experimental layout engine to support Ogg formats. [[Google Chrome]] included support in their 3.0 release (September 2009),<ref>{{cite web

|url = httphttps://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/09/google-chrome-after-year-sporting-new.html

|title = Google Chrome after a year: Sporting a new stable release

|first = Anthony |last=Laforge

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Microsoft began work in October 2017 on implementing support for Ogg, Vorbis, and Theora in Windows 10 and [[Microsoft Edge]].<ref name="firewalldvsufw">{{cite web|title=Microsoft adding Ogg, Theora, and Vorbis open media formats to Windows 10|url= https://www.slightfuture.com/technote/ufw-vs-firewalld|website=Ctrl blog|date= 9 February 2016|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref>

In October 2023, Google announced their plans to deprecate and remove support for the Theora video codec instarting Googlewith experiments reducing Theora support in Chrome 120 and a full removal in Chrome 123, Google states that the reason for the removal is due to low use and security risks associated with the codec.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intent to Ship: Deprecate and remove Theora support. |url=https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/blink-dev/c/qqDdLkeyk7Y/m/ajHePzglAwAJ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=groups.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deprecate and remove Theora support. - Chrome Platform Status |url=https://chromestatus.com/feature/5158654475239424 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=chromestatus.com}}</ref>

==Opposition==

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}}</ref> states that "a W3C-led standardization of a 'free' codec, or the active endorsement of proprietary technology such as Ogg [...] by W3C, is, in our opinion, not helpful". [[Xiph.org]]'s codecs, while licensed under a [[BSD licenses#BSD-style licenses|BSD-style]] [[permissive free software license]], implement a standard controlled by Xiph.org themselves, rather than a multi-vendor community such as MPEG. [[Apple Inc.]], a member of the [[MPEG LA]], has also opposed the inclusion of Ogg formats in the HTML standard on the grounds that [[H.264]] performs better and is already more widely supported, citing patents on their codec's efficiency and the lack of precedents of "Placing requirements on format support", even at the "SHOULD" level, in HTML specifications.<ref name="apple-ogg">{{cite mailing list

|url=http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2007-March/010392.html

|title=&#91;whatwg&#93; Codecs (was Re: Apple Proposal for Timed Media Elements)

|date=21 March 2007

|access-date=2008-02-25

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|url-status = dead

|df = dmy-all

}}</ref> replacing the reference to Theora and Vorbis with a placeholder:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=1142&to=1143 |title=(X)HTML5 Tracking |publisher=[[HTML5]].org |access-date=2009-06-23 |archive-date=2022-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615153408/http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=1142 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{blockquote|It would be helpful for interoperability if all browsers could support the same codecs. However, there are no known codecs that satisfy all the current players: we need a codec that is known to not require per-unit or per-distributor licensing, that is compatible with the open source development model, that is of sufficient quality as to be usable, and that is not an additional submarine patent risk for large companies. This is an ongoing issue and this section will be updated once more information is available.<ref>{{cite mailing list |url=http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2007-December/013152.html |title=&#91;whatwg&#93; Removal of Ogg is *preposterous* |publisher=Lists.whatwg.org |date=11 December 2007 |access-date=2009-08-25 |mailing-list=[[WHATWG]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821163038/http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2007-December/013152.html |archive-date=2008-08-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

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==Adoption==

{{Update|section|date=October 2021}}

As of December 31st31, 2020, Adobe Flash Player has stopped receiving support from Adobe,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adobe Flash Player End of Life |url=https://www.adobe.com/products/flashplayer/end-of-life.html |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=www.adobe.com |language=en-US}}</ref> with HTML5[[HTML video]] being one of the main technologies replacing it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Adobe Communications |title=Flash & the Future of Interactive Content |url=https://blog.adobe.com/en/publish/2017/07/25/adobe-flash-update |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Adobe Blog}}</ref>

"[[WebRTC]] Audio Codec and Processing Requirements" Internet standard drafts, published in 2011–2013, require free formats, including [[Opus (audio codec)|Opus]], which was developed, among others, by programmers associated with [[Xiph.Org Foundation]] (the maintainer of [[Ogg]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtcweb-audio-03|title = WebRTC Audio Codec and Processing Requirements|last1 = Valin|first1 = Jean-Marc|last2 = Bran|first2 = Cary| newspaper=Ietf Datatracker | date=15 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://wiki.xiph.org/OpusFAQ | title=OpusFAQ - XiphWiki }}</ref><!-- does WebRTC use Opus in Ogg? -->

==See also==

*[[HTML5HTML video]]

==References==

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[[Category:World Wide Web Consortium standards]]

[[Category:XML-based standards]]

[[Category:Xiph.Org projects]]