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A '''plus-size model''' is an individual size 12 and above who is engaged primarily in [[Model (person)|modeling]] [[plus-size clothing]]. Plus-size clothing worn by plus-size models is typically catering for and marketed to either big, tall or overweight men and women. Plus-size models also engage in work that is not strictly related to selling clothing, e.g., [[stock photography]] and advertising photography for cosmetics, household and pharmaceutical products and sunglasses, footwear and watches{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}}. Therefore, plus-size models do not exclusively wear garments marketed as plus-size clothing. This is especially true when participating in fashion [[editorial]]s for mainstream fashion magazines.{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}}
Synonymous and interchangeable with plus-size model is "full-figured model",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plus-model-mag.com/2013/05/ashley-stewart-and-plus-model-magazine-launch-nationwide-search-for-full-figured-models/ |title=Ashley Stewart and Plus Model Magazine Launch Nationwide Search for Full-figured Models |work=PlusModel |date=2014-05-13 |access-date=2014-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329012740/http://www.plus-model-mag.com/2013/05/ashley-stewart-and-plus-model-magazine-launch-nationwide-search-for-full-figured-models/ |archive-date=29 March 2016 }}</ref> "extended-sizes model", "over-weight model", "fat model" and "outsize model". Previously, the term "large size model" was also frequently used.<ref name=Schiro1979>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uAJcAAAAIBAJ&pg=4103,1631931&dq=large-size-model&hl=en |title=Large Size Fashion Models in Demand |author=Schiro, Anne Marie |date=7 June 1979 |work=Times-Union |agency=New York Times News Service |access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=Sizeaplus>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=T0cuAAAAIBAJ&pg=7093,5771059&dq=large-size-model&hl=en |title=Size is a plus for head of model agency |date=18 May 1986 |work=Tuscaloosa News |agency=Associated Press |access-date=17 January 2013}}</ref>
==Plus-size industry ==
Fashion designers are starting to look more closely at the earning potential from plus-size clothing, and have used plus-size models for their advertising campaigns and catwalks. [[Jean-Paul Gaultier]] and [[John Galliano]] both used plus-size models<ref>Crystal Renn (Jean Paul Gaultier), Johanna Dray (John Galliano)</ref> in their Spring 2006 showings in Paris.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crystal Shines On |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2010/07/14/crystal-renn-for-jean-paul-gaultier |author=Deeks, Sarah |date=14 July 2010 |work=Vogue |___location=UK |access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> Gaultier also used plus-size models Marquita Pring and [[Crystal Renn]] in his Spring 2011 [[Ready-to-Wear]] show.<ref name="Model Call: Marquita Pring">{{cite web |url=http://www.wwd.com/eye/fashion/model-call-marquita-pring-5007890 |title=Model Call: Marqsuita Pring |work=Women's Wear Daily |date=26 July 2011 |access-date=16 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=
▲Fashion designers are starting to look more closely at the earning potential from plus-size clothing, and have used plus-size models for their advertising campaigns and catwalks. [[Jean-Paul Gaultier]] and [[John Galliano]] both used plus-size models<ref>Crystal Renn (Jean Paul Gaultier), Johanna Dray (John Galliano)</ref> in their Spring 2006 showings in Paris.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crystal Shines On |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2010/07/14/crystal-renn-for-jean-paul-gaultier |author=Deeks, Sarah |date=14 July 2010 |work=Vogue |___location=UK |access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> Gaultier also used plus-size models Marquita Pring and [[Crystal Renn]] in his Spring 2011 [[Ready-to-Wear]] show.<ref name="Model Call: Marquita Pring">{{cite web |url=http://www.wwd.com/eye/fashion/model-call-marquita-pring-5007890 |title=Model Call: Marqsuita Pring |work=Women's Wear Daily |date=26 July 2011 |access-date=16 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20018871-10391698.html |title=Crystal Renn Takes on Paris Fashion Week, Walks in Three Big Shows |author=Lee, Joyce |date=7 October 2010 |publisher=CBS |access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> Italian plus-size fashion house Elena Mirò now regularly stages biannual [[prêt-à-porter]] shows during [[Milan Fashion Week]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glamour.com/fashion/blogs/slaves-to-fashion/2010/09/plus-size-line-elena-miro-is-e.html |title=Plus Size Line Elena Miro Is Excluded From The Official Milan Fashion Week Schedule |author=Lomrantz, Tracy |date=22 September 2010 |work=Glamour |access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> Mark Fast<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.farfetch.com/designers/women |title=farfetch.com - a new way to shop for fashion |website=www.farfetch.com}}</ref> and [[William Tempest]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thefashionscoutsept09.blogspot.com/2009/09/william-tempest.html |title=The Fashion Scout: William Tempest |first=The Fashion |last=Scout |date=22 September 2009}}</ref> each used plus-size models during their own [[London Fashion Week]] showings for Spring 2009, and again as part of All Walks Beyond the Catwalk<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://allwalksbeyondthecatwalk.org/blog/?cat=4 |title=All Walks Beyond the Catwalk, 18 September 2009 |access-date=27 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019134913/http://allwalksbeyondthecatwalk.org/blog/?cat=4 |archive-date=19 October 2009 }}</ref> event held on 19 September 2009 in association with the [[British Fashion Council]]. Mark Fast also used plus-size models in Fall 2010, Fall 2011,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://madisonplus.com/mp-daily/12-model-uk-and-mark-fast |title=12+ Model UK and Mark Fast |date=20 February 2010 |work=madisonplus.com |publisher=Madison Plus |access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> and Spring 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.style.com/fashionshows/complete/slideshow/S2012RTW-MFAST/?iphoto=27#slide=27 |title=Mark Fast RTW Spring 2012 |work=style.com |access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> Mr. Debonair of Beautiful You Fashion Tour uses plus-size models in shows around the world, including during the Beautiful You fashion show during New York Fashion Week 2022 which included Ms. Plus Intercontinental 2021 title holder Wendy Roach.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BeautifulMode.com |url=http://www.beautifulmode.com/ |access-date=2022-02-14 |website=www.beautifulmode.com}}</ref> Plus-size models became increasingly represented in high fashion after 2020 but saw a decline in early 2023 when ultrathin models made a comeback.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roby|first=India|title=What Does the Future of Size Diversity on the Runway Look Like?|date=12 October 2022|website=Fashionista|url=https://fashionista.com/2022/10/size-diversity-runway-fashion-week-spring-2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Paton|first=Elizabeth|title=
Why Did Ultrathin Models Make a Comeback at Fashion Week?|work=The New York Times|date=11 March 2023|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/11/fashion/why-did-ultrathin-models-make-a-comeback-at-fashion-week.html}}</ref>
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In addition to magazines, books dedicated to plus size (aka "full figured") fashion and lifestyles began to be released from major publishers in the 1980s. Some of these include: ''Making It Big'' (1980),<ref>{{Cite book |last1=DuCoffe |first1=Jean |title=Making It Big: A Guide to Health, Success and Beauty For the Woman Size 16 and Over |last2=Cohen |first2=Sherry Suib |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1980 |isbn=0-671-25097-3 |___location=New York, NY, USA |language=English}}</ref> ''The Big Beauty Book'' (1982),<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Harper |first1=Ann |title=The Big Beauty Book: Glamour for the Fuller-Figured Woman |last2=Lewis |first2=Glenn |publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston |year=1982 |isbn=0-03-060561-X |___location=New York, NY, USA |language=English}}</ref> ''The Lane Bryant Fashion Math Make-Over'' (1987)<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lulow |first1=Kalia |title=The Lane Bryant Fashion Math Make-Over |last2=Geddie |first2=Wanda |publisher=Dell |year=1987 |isbn=0-440-14597-X |___location=New York, NY, U.S.A. |type=Paperback}}</ref> and ''Sizing Up'' (1989).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Head |first=Sandy Summers |title=Sizing Up: Fashion, Fitness and Self-Esteem for Full Figured Women |publisher=Fireside |year=1989 |isbn=0-671-67572-9 |___location=New York, NY, USA |language=English}}</ref>
Spiegel catalog launched their For You from Spiegel plus-size collection in 1989 with [[Linda Arroz]] as their official consultant and spokesmodel.<ref>{{cite news |url=
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Consumer-based criticism regarding the lower sizes of plus-size models was for a long time commonplace and wide-spread. While the reputed 'average' dress size of an American woman is size 14, the majority of models represented as plus-size were between a US size 6-12; therefore, the models did not reflect the average consumer size.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123604722 |title=Fashion Week's Latest Trend? Plus-Size Models |publisher=NPR News |date=15 February 2010 |access-date=16 October 2010}}</ref> However, over the past ten years, larger plus-size models have appeared, particularly on social media, and Tess Holliday (US size 22, UK size 26) was featured on the September 2018 cover of Cosmopolitan.
Like other models, plus-size models use food tricks to temporarily alter their size long enough to meet client demands, such as eating salty food to go up in size or eating cotton balls dipped in juice to shrink for a shoot.<ref name="Sauers, Jenna">{{cite web |url=http://jezebel.com/5824896/plus+size-models-wear-body-padding-to-please-certain-clients-and-other-modeling-non+secrets |title=Plus-Size Models Wear Body Padding To Please Certain Clients, And Other Modeling Non-Secrets |author=Sauers, Jenna |date=26 July 2001 |work=Jezebel |access-date=23 July 2012}}</ref> Agents have suggested plastic surgery to some models.<ref>{{cite news |url=
German fashion designer [[Karl Lagerfeld]] and other fashion designers have deferred on the use of plus-size models through a lack of interest in the consumers associated with the term plus-size. Lagerfeld in particular has been vocal on the matter of his preferred clientele: "What I designed was fashion for slender and slim people" and received criticism for demanding that mass retailer [[H&M]] not produce their collaboration designs to size 16.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/designer-says-plussize-models-are-a-joke-2001677.html |title=Designer Says Plus-Size Models Are 'a Joke' |work=The Independent |date=16 June 2010 |access-date=16 October 2010 |___location=London |first=Harriet |last=Walker}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/no-one-wants-to-see-curvy-women-german-designer-1801469.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015003542/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/no-one-wants-to-see-curvy-women-german-designer-1801469.html |archive-date=15 October 2009 |title='No One Wants to See Curvy Women': German designer Karl Lagerfeld |work=The Independent |date=12 October 2009 |access-date=16 October 2010 |___location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2004/11/18/lagerfelds-high-street-split |title=Lagerfeld's High Street Split |work=Vogue UK |date=18 November 2004 |author=unattributed}}</ref>
In the past, the industry was criticized for lacking racial diversity.<ref name="Richardson, Lisa">{{cite news |url=
In February 2015, Australian model [[Stefania Ferrario]] and television presenter [[Ajay Rochester]] began a campaign to end the use of the term "plus-size" to describe models who are above a [[US standard clothing size#Women.27s sizes|US dress size 4]] by the modelling industry. Ferrario posted a picture with the caption "I am a model FULL STOP" with the [[hashtag]] "#droptheplus" which gained coverage in the media and was heavily discussed, with mixed, but mostly positive reactions, on social media and within the fashion industry.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/03/23/should-modeling-industry-get-rid-term-plus-size/ |title=Fox News article on Stefania Ferrario and #droptheplus campaign |date=23 March 2015 |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221191143/http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/03/23/should-modeling-industry-get-rid-term-plus-size/ |archive-date=21 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.bustle.com/articles/72225-droptheplus-campaign-by-stefania-ferrario-and-ajay-rochester-ignites-social-media-but-is-it-invalidating |title=Bustle article on #droptheplus |magazine=Bustle |access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref>
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