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LokiTheLiar (talk | contribs) →History: Rosen doesn't say anything of the sort in the linked source, and Grimley is an NLP guy himself. We should definitely not source a claim that something is linked to a pseudoscience exclusively to proponents of that pseudoscience. |
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EMDR is recommended for the treatment of PTSD by various government and medical bodies citing varying levels of evidence, including the [[World Health Organization]], the UK [[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]], the Australian [[National Health and Medical Research Council]], and the US Departments of [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|Veterans Affairs]] and [[United States Department of Defense|Defense]]. The [[American Psychological Association]] does not endorse EMDR as a first-line treatment, but indicates that it is probably effective for treating adult PTSD.
Systematic analyses published since 2013 generally indicate that EMDR treatment efficacy for adults with PTSD is equivalent to trauma-focused cognitive and behavioral therapies (TF-CBT), such as [[
Because eye movements and other bilateral stimulation techniques do not uniquely contribute to EMDR treatment efficacy, EMDR has been characterized as a [[purple hat therapy]], i.e., its effectiveness is due to the same therapeutic methods found in other evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD, namely exposure therapy and CBT techniques, without any contribution from its distinctive add-ons.
== History ==
EMDR was invented by [[Francine Shapiro]] in 1987. In a workshop, Shapiro related how the idea of the therapy came to her while she was taking a walk in the woods, and discerned she had been able to cope better with disturbing thoughts when also experiencing [[saccadic]] eye movements.<ref name=walk>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rosen GM |title=On the origin of eye movement desensitization |journal=J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=121–2 |date=June 1995 |pmid=7593684 |doi=10.1016/0005-7916(95)00014-q |url=}}</ref> Psychologist Gerald Rosen has expressed doubt about this description, saying that people are normally not aware of this type of eye movement.<ref name=walk/
▲In a workshop, Shapiro related how the idea of the therapy came to her while she was taking a walk in the woods, and discerned she had been able to cope better with disturbing thoughts when also experiencing [[saccadic]] eye movements.<ref name=walk>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rosen GM |title=On the origin of eye movement desensitization |journal=J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=121–2 |date=June 1995 |pmid=7593684 |doi=10.1016/0005-7916(95)00014-q |url=}}</ref> Psychologist Gerald Rosen has expressed doubt about this description, saying that people are normally not aware of this type of eye movement.<ref name=walk/> Gerald Rosen and Bruce Grimley suggest that it is more likely that she developed EMDR out of her experience with [[neuro-linguistic programming]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grimley |first=Bruce |date=2014 |title=Origins of EMDR- a question of integrity? |url=https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/letters-men-and-mental-health-minefield |journal=The Psychologist}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grimley |first=Bruce |title=What is Neurolinguistic Programming, (NLP) |url=https://www.academia.edu/39222352 }}</ref>
==Technique==
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== Research ==
===Effectiveness===
[[Systematic review|Systematic reviews]] in 2013, including a [[Cochrane (organisation)|Cochrane]] study comparing EMDR with other psychotherapies in the treatment of chronic PTSD found EMDR to be as effective as TF-CBT (trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapies).<ref name="Watt2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Watts BV, Schnurr PP, Mayo L, Young-Xu Y, Weeks WB, Friedman MJ | title = Meta-analysis of the efficacy of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder | journal = The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 74 | issue = 6 | pages = e541–e550 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23842024 | doi = 10.4088/JCP.12r08225 | s2cid = 23087402 }}</ref><ref name="Bisson2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C | title = Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2013 | issue = 12 | page = CD003388 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 24338345 | pmc = 6991463 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4 }}</ref> A 2018 systematic review found moderate strength of evidence supporting the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing symptoms of PTSD and depression, as well as increasing the likelihood of patients losing their PTSD diagnosis.<ref>{{Cite report |url= https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/
===Client experience===
A 2021 systematic review of 13 studies found that clients had mixed perceptions of the effectiveness of EMDR therapy.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shipley G, Wilde S, Hudson M |title=What do clients say about their experiences of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing therapy? A systematic review of the literature. |journal=European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation |date=April 2021 |volume=6 |issue=2 |
=== Treating conditions other than PTSD ===
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== Society and culture ==
* [[Sandra Bullock]] used EMDR following a home invasion by a stalker in 2014.<ref name="Blum_2022" />
*In 2019, [[Jameela Jamil]] said she partook in EMDR therapy to treat her [[PTSD|post traumatic stress disorder]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Luu |first1=Christopher |title=Jameela Jamil Reveals She Attempted Suicide |url=https://www.instyle.com/news/jameela-jamil-suicide-attempt |website=InStyle |language=EN |date=10 October 2019 |access-date=11 November 2020 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015064549/https://www.instyle.com/news/jameela-jamil-suicide-attempt |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2c1_QiQSsc |title="EMDR therapy removed emotion linked to the traumatic memory." Jameela Jamil |date=2024-03-15 |last=Creative Mind Videos |access-date=2024-07-27 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* In 2021, [[Prince Harry]] took a course of EMDR and filmed a session for [[Oprah Winfrey]] during a mental health television documentary.<ref name="hw">{{cite news | vauthors = Sample I |date=21 May 2021 |title=EMDR: what is the trauma therapy used by Prince Harry? |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/may/21/emdr-what-is-the-trauma-therapy-used-by-prince-harry}}</ref><ref name="Blum_2022">{{Cite news | vauthors = Blum D, Park S |date=2022-09-19 |title='One Foot in the Present, One Foot in the Past:' Understanding E.M.D.R. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/19/well/emdr-therapy.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* In 2022, [[BBC]] war correspondent [[Fergal Keane]], who suffered from PTSD, credited his EMDR therapist with helping save his life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emdrassociation.org.uk/media/bbc2-ptsd-fergal-keane/|title=BBC2 PTSD Fergal Keane|website=EMDR UK Association}} Starting 34:38 into the programme.</ref>
== See also ==
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