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Microsoft started development on the [[.NET Framework]] in the late 1990s originally under the name of Next Generation Windows Services (NGWS). By late 2001 the first beta versions of .NET Framework 1.0 were released.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ben.skyiv.com/clrversion.html |title=Framework Versions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504160116/http://ben.skyiv.com/clrversion.html |archive-date=4 May 2008 |url-status=dead|access-date=19 December 2010 }}</ref> The first version of .NET Framework was released on
Since
The .NET Framework family also includes two versions for [[mobile computing|mobile]] or [[embedded device]] use. A reduced version of the framework, the [[.NET Compact Framework]], is available on [[Windows CE]] platforms, including [[Windows Mobile]] devices such as [[smartphone]]s. Additionally, the [[.NET Micro Framework]] is targeted at severely resource-constrained devices.
.NET Framework 4.8 was announced as the
==Overview==
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==.NET Framework 1.0==
The first version of the .NET Framework was released on 15 January 2002 for [[Windows 98]], [[Windows ME|ME]], [[Windows NT 4.0|NT 4.0]], [[Windows 2000|2000]], and [[Windows XP|XP]]. Mainstream support for this
On 19 June 2001, the tenth anniversary of the release of Visual Basic, .NET Framework 1.0 Beta 2 was released.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://betanews.com/2001/12/05/gates-revises-visual-studio-net-release-date/|title=Gates Revises Visual Studio .NET Release Date|date=2001-12-05|website=BetaNews|access-date=2016-07-01|archive-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815225556/http://betanews.com/2001/12/05/gates-revises-visual-studio-net-release-date/|url-status=live}}</ref>
.NET Framework 1.0 is supported on [[Windows 98]], [[Windows ME|ME]], [[Windows NT 4.0|NT 4.0]] (with Service Pack 6a), [[Windows 2000|2000]], [[Windows XP|XP]], and [[Windows Server 2003|Server 2003]]. Applications utilizing .NET Framework 1.0 will also run on computers with .NET Framework 1.1 installed, which supports additional operating systems.<ref name="netdepends1">{{Cite web|title=.NET Framework System Requirements|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8z6watww%28v=vs.90%29.aspx|work=[[MSDN]]|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220061143/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8z6watww%28v=vs.90%29.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Service Pack 1 {{Anchor|.NET Framework 1.0 SP1}}===
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==.NET Framework 1.1==
Version 1.1 is the first minor .NET Framework upgrade. It is available on its own as a [[Freely redistributable software|redistributable package]] or in a [[software development kit]], and was published on 3 April 2003. It is also part of the second release of [[Visual Studio .NET 2003]]. This is the first version of the .NET Framework to be included as part of the Windows operating system, shipping with [[Windows Server 2003]].
Changes in 1.1 include:<ref>{{cite web|title=New and Enhanced Features|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h88tthh0(v=vs.71).aspx|website=[[MSDN]]|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127162056/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h88tthh0(v=vs.71).aspx|archive-date=27 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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* Built-in support for [[ODBC]] and [[Oracle Database]], which was previously available as an add-on
* [[.NET Compact Framework]], a version of the .NET Framework for small devices
* Internet Protocol version 6 ([[IPv6]]) support
.NET Framework 1.1 is supported on [[Windows 98]], [[Windows ME|ME]], [[Windows NT 4.0|NT 4.0]] (with Service Pack 6a), [[Windows 2000|2000]], [[Windows XP|XP]], [[Windows Server 2003|Server 2003]], [[Windows Vista|Vista]], and [[Windows Server 2008|Server 2008]].<ref name="netdepends1"/><ref>{{cite web|title=.NET Framework 1.1 Redistributable|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26|website=[[MSDN]]|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=5 December 2016|archive-date=3 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203090341/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Service Pack 1 {{Anchor|.NET Framework 1.1 SP1}}===
The .NET Framework 1.1 Service Pack 1 was released on
==.NET Framework 2.0==
Version 2.0 was released on 27 October 2005. It was also released along with [[Visual Studio 2005]]
Changes in 2.0 include:
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* Language support for [[Generic programming|generics]] built directly into the .NET [[Common Language Runtime|CLR]]
.NET Framework 2.0 is supported on [[Windows 98]], [[Windows ME|ME]], [[Windows 2000|2000]] (with Service Pack 3 or higher), [[Windows XP|XP]] (with Service Pack 2 or higher), [[Windows Server 2003|Server 2003]], [[Windows Server 2008|Server 2008]] and [[Windows Server 2008 R2|Server 2008 R2]].<ref name="depend"/> Applications utilizing .NET Framework 2.0 will also run on computers with .NET Framework 3.0 or 3.5 installed, which supports additional operating systems.
===Service Pack 1 {{Anchor|.NET Framework 2.0 SP1}}===
The .NET Framework 2.0 Service Pack 1 was released on 19 November 2007.<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=16614 Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Service Pack 1 (x86)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822050254/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=16614 |date=22 August 2018 }} microsoft.com</ref> It requires Windows 2000 with SP4.
===Service Pack 2 {{Anchor|.NET Framework 2.0 SP2}}===
The .NET Framework 2.0 Service Pack 2 was released on 11 August 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Service Pack 2 | website=[[Microsoft]] |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=1639 |url-status=dead |date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822050223/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=1639 |archive-date=22 August 2018 }} microsoft.com</ref> It requires
==.NET Framework 3.0==
[[File:Microsoft .Net Framework 3.0.svg|thumb|400px|Elements of the Microsoft .NET Framework version 3.0]]
.NET Framework 3.0, formerly called WinFX,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/somasegar/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611033642/http://blogs.msdn.com/somasegar/archive/2006/06/09/624300.aspx |url-status=dead |title=Somasegar's blog|archive-date=11 June 2007|website=docs.microsoft.com}}</ref> was released on 6 November 2006. It includes a new set of [[managed code]] APIs that are an integral part of [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows Server 2008]]. It is also available for [[Windows XP]] SP2 and [[Windows Server 2003]] as a download. There are no major architectural changes included with this release; .NET Framework 3.0 uses the same [[Common Language Runtime|CLR]] as .NET Framework 2.0.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework/aa663314.aspx |title=.NET Framework 3.0 Versioning and Deployment Q&A |access-date=1 June 2008 }}</ref> Unlike the previous major .NET releases there was no .NET Compact Framework release made as a counterpart of this version. Version 3.0 of the .NET Framework shipped with Windows Vista. It also shipped with Windows Server 2008 as an optional component (disabled by default).
.NET Framework 3.0 consists of four major new components:
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* [[Windows CardSpace]], formerly code-named InfoCard: A software component which securely stores a person's digital identities and provides a unified [[interface (computing)|interface]] for choosing the identity for a particular transaction, such as logging into a website
.NET Framework 3.0 is supported on [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Server 2003|Server 2003]], [[Windows Vista|Vista]], [[Windows Server 2008|Server 2008]], and [[Windows Server 2008 R2|Server 2008 R2]].<ref name="depend"/> Applications utilizing .NET Framework 3.0 will also run on computers with .NET Framework 3.5 installed, which supports additional operating systems.
===Service Pack 1 {{Anchor|.NET Framework 3.0 SP1}}===
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The source code of the [[Framework Class Library]] in this version has been partially released (for debugging reference only) under the [[Microsoft Reference License#Microsoft Reference Source License (Ms-RSL)|Microsoft Reference Source License]].<ref name="sourcerelease">{{cite web|url=http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2007/10/03/releasing-the-source-code-for-the-net-framework-libraries.aspx |title=Releasing the Source Code for the NET Framework |author=[[Scott Guthrie]] |date=3 October 2007 |access-date=15 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907233621/http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2007/10/03/releasing-the-source-code-for-the-net-framework-libraries.aspx |archive-date=7 September 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
.NET Framework 3.5 is supported on [[Windows XP]] (with Service Pack 2 or higher), [[Windows Server 2003|Server 2003]] (with Service Pack 1 or higher), [[Windows Vista|Vista]], [[Windows Server 2008|Server 2008]], [[Windows 7|7]], [[Windows Server 2008 R2|Server 2008 R2]], [[Windows 8|8]], [[Windows Server 2012|Server 2012]], [[Windows 8.1|8.1]], [[Windows Server 2012 R2|Server 2012 R2]], [[Windows 10|10]], and [[Windows Server 2016|Server 2016]].<ref name="depend"/> Starting from Windows 8, .NET Framework 3.5 is an optional feature that can be turned on or off in control panel.
===Service Pack 1 {{Anchor|.NET Framework 3.5 SP1}}===
The .NET Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1 was released on 11 August 2008. This release adds new functionality and provides performance improvements under certain conditions,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/products/cc533447.aspx |title=Visual Studio 2008 Service Pack 1 and .NET Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1 |access-date=7 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708235537/http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/products/cc533447.aspx |archive-date=8 July 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> especially with WPF where 20–45% improvements are expected. Two new data service components have been added, the [[ADO.NET Entity Framework]] and [[ADO.NET Data Services]]. Two new assemblies for web development, System.Web{{Not a typo|.}}Abstraction and System.Web{{Not a typo|.}}Routing, have been added; these are used in the [[ASP.NET MVC]] framework and, reportedly, will be used in the future release of ASP.NET Forms applications. Service Pack 1 is included with [[SQL Server 2008]] and [[Visual Studio 2008|Visual Studio 2008 Service Pack 1]]. It also featured a new set of controls called "Visual Basic Power Packs" which brought back Visual Basic controls such as "Line" and "Shape." Version 3.5 SP1 of the .NET Framework shipped with Windows 7. It also shipped with Windows Server 2008 R2 as an optional component (disabled by default). It is the last version to support [[Windows XP]] SP2, [[Windows Server 2003]] SP1 and [[Windows Vista]] RTM.
====.NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Client Profile====
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|archive-date=7 December 2008
|url-status=live
}}</ref> However, the Client Profile amounts to this size only if using the online installer on Windows XP SP2 when no other .NET Frameworks are installed or using [[Windows Update]]. When using the off-line installer or any other OS, the download size is still 250 MB.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/jaimer/archive/2008/08/20/client-profile-explained.aspx
|title=Client profile explained..
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* Introduced Common Language Runtime (CLR) 4.0
.NET Framework 4.0 is supported on [[Windows XP]] (with Service Pack 3), [[Windows Server 2003]] (with Service Pack 2), [[Windows Vista|Vista]] (with Service Pack 1 or higher), [[Windows Server 2008|Server 2008]], [[Windows 7|7]] and [[Windows Server 2008 R2|Server 2008 R2]].<ref name="depend"/> Applications utilizing .NET Framework 4.0 will also run on computers with .NET Framework 4.5 or 4.6 installed, which supports additional operating systems. Support for .NET Framework 4.0 ended on 12 April 2016 and is no longer providing technical support, bug fixes, or security fixes for .NET Framework 4.0 vulnerabilities which may be subsequently reported or discovered. It is the last version to support [[Windows XP]] SP3, [[Windows Server 2003]] SP2, [[Windows Vista]] SP1, [[Windows Server 2008]] RTM, [[Windows 7]] RTM and [[Windows Server 2008 R2]] RTM.
===History===
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On 19 October 2009, Microsoft released Beta 2 of the .NET Framework 4.<ref name="4beta2">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/somasegar/archive/2009/10/19/announcing-visual-studio-2010-and-net-fx-4-beta-2.aspx |title=Announcing Visual Studio 2010 and .NET FX 4 Beta 2 |author=S. Somasegar |work=[[MSDN]] Blogs |access-date=20 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022053419/http://blogs.msdn.com/somasegar/archive/2009/10/19/announcing-visual-studio-2010-and-net-fx-4-beta-2.aspx |archive-date=22 October 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time, Microsoft announced the expected launch date for .NET Framework 4 as 22 March 2010.<ref name="4beta2"/> This launch date was subsequently delayed to 12 April 2010.<ref name="4RTM">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/robcaron/archive/2010/01/13/9948172.aspx |title=Visual Studio 2010 and .NET Framework 4 Launch Date |first=Rob |last=Caron |work=[[MSDN]] Blogs |access-date=13 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117135051/http://blogs.msdn.com/robcaron/archive/2010/01/13/9948172.aspx |archive-date=17 January 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On 10 February 2010, a [[release candidate]] was published
On 12 April 2010, the final version of .NET Framework 4.0 was launched alongside the final release of [[Microsoft Visual Studio 2010]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Emil|last=Protalinski|title=Visual Studio 2010 and .NET Framework 4 arrive|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2010/04/visual-studio-2010-and-net-framework-40-arrive/|website=[[Ars Technica]]|date=12 April 2010|access-date=14 June 2017|archive-date=26 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226112717/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2010/04/visual-studio-2010-and-net-framework-40-arrive/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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===Windows Server AppFabric===
After the release of the .NET Framework 4, Microsoft released a set of enhancements, named
==.NET Framework 4.5==
.NET Framework 4.5 was released on
.NET Framework 4.5 is supported on [[Windows Vista]] (with Service Pack 2), [[Windows Server 2008|Server 2008]] (with Service Pack 2), [[Windows 7|7]] (with Service Pack 1), [[Windows Server 2008 R2|Server 2008 R2]] (with Service Pack 1), [[Windows 8|8]], [[Windows Server 2012|Server 2012]], [[Windows 8.1|8.1]] and [[Windows Server 2012 R2|Server 2012 R2]].<ref name="depend"/> Applications utilizing .NET Framework 4.5 will also run on computers with .NET Framework 4.6 installed, which supports additional operating systems.
===.NET for Metro-style apps===
[[Metro-style app]]s were originally designed for specific form factors and leverage the power of the Windows operating system. Two subset of the .NET Framework is available for building Metro-style apps using [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] or [[Visual Basic]]: One for [[Windows 8]] and [[Windows 8.1]], called ''.NET APIs for Windows 8.x Store apps''. Another for [[Universal Windows Platform]] (UWP), called ''.NET APIs for UWP''. This version of .NET Framework, as well as the runtime and libraries used for Metro-style apps, is a part of [[Windows Runtime]], the new platform and development model for Metro-style apps. It is an ecosystem that houses many platforms and languages, including [[.NET Framework]], [[C++]] and [[HTML5]] with [[JavaScript]].<ref>{{cite web|title=.NET for Windows apps|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/br230232.aspx|website=[[MSDN]]|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=26 January 2016|archive-date=20 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220182055/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/br230232.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Core features===
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===.NET Framework 4.5.1===
The release of .NET Framework 4.5.1 was announced on
* Debugger support for X64 edit and continue (EnC)
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===.NET Framework 4.5.2===
The release of .NET Framework 4.5.2 was announced on 5 May 2014.<ref name="net452_release">{{cite web|title=Announcing the .NET Framework 4.5.2|url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2014/05/05/announcing-the-net-framework-4-5-2/|website=MSDN Blogs|date=5 May 2014|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=11 June 2014|archive-date=14 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314154349/https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2014/05/05/announcing-the-net-framework-4-5-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> This version requires [[Windows Vista SP2]] and later.<ref>{{cite web|title=Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5.2 (Offline Installer)|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=42642|work=Download Center|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=6 May 2017|date=6 May 2014|archive-date=4 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504193816/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=42642|url-status=live}}</ref> For [[Windows Forms]] applications, improvements were made for high [[Dots per inch|DPI]] scenarios. For ASP.NET, higher reliability HTTP header inspection and modification methods are available as is a new way to schedule background asynchronous worker tasks.<ref name="net452_release" />
==.NET Framework 4.6==
.NET Framework 4.6 was announced on 12 November 2014.<ref name="net46">{{cite web|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-2015-preview-a-new-era-for-net/|title=Announcing .NET 2015 Preview: A New Era for .NET|author=.NET Team|date=12 November 2014|access-date=27 February 2015|archive-date=9 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509050512/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-2015-preview-a-new-era-for-net/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was released on
The cryptographic API in .NET Framework 4.6 uses the latest version of [[Cryptography Next Generation|Windows CNG]] cryptography API. As a result, [[NSA Suite B Cryptography]] is available to .NET Framework. Suite B consists of [[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]], the [[SHA-2]] family of hashing algorithms, [[elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman]], and [[elliptic curve DSA]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Suite B source">{{cite web|title=CNG Features § Suite B Support|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb204775.aspx#suite_b_support|website=Cryptography API: Next Generation|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=1 January 2016|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142617/https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb204775.aspx#suite_b_support|url-status=live}}</ref>
.NET Framework 4.6 is supported on [[Windows Vista]] (with Service Pack 2), [[Windows Server 2008|Server 2008]] (with Service Pack 2), [[Windows 7|7]] (with Service Pack 1), [[Windows Server 2008 R2|Server 2008 R2]] (with Service Pack 1), [[Windows 8|8]], [[Windows Server 2012|Server 2012]], [[Windows 8.1|8.1]], [[Windows Server 2012 R2|Server 2012 R2]], [[Windows 10|10]] and [[Windows Server 2016|Server 2016]].<ref name="depend"/> Support for .NET Framework 4.6 ended on 26 April 2022.
===.NET Framework 4.6.1===
The release of .NET Framework 4.6.1 was announced on
* WPF improvements for spell check, support for per-user custom dictionaries and improved touch performance.
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===.NET Framework 4.6.2===
The preview of .NET Framework 4.6.2 was announced on 30 March 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Announcing the .NET Framework 4.6.2 Preview|url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2016/03/30/announcing-the-net-framework-4-6-2-preview/|website=.NET Blog|date=30 March 2016|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=3 August 2016|archive-date=10 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710164840/https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2016/03/30/announcing-the-net-framework-4-6-2-preview/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was released on
* Support for paths longer than 260 characters
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==.NET Framework 4.7==
On 5 April 2017, Microsoft announced that .NET Framework 4.7 was
New features in .NET Framework 4.7 include:<ref>{{cite web|title=What's New in the .NET Framework|url=https://
* Enhanced cryptography with [[elliptic curve cryptography]]
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* More support for touch and stylus in Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
* New print APIs for WPF
.NET Framework 4.7 is supported on [[Windows 7]] (with Service Pack 1), [[Windows Server 2008 R2|Server 2008 R2]] (with Service Pack 1), [[Windows Server 2012|Server 2012]], [[Windows 8.1|8.1]], [[Windows Server 2012 R2|Server 2012 R2]], [[Windows 10|10]], [[Windows Server 2016|Server 2016]] and [[Windows Server 2019|Server 2019]].<ref name="depend"/>
.NET Framework 4.7 is also shipped as a Windows container image.
===.NET Framework 4.7.1===
.NET Framework 4.7.1 was released on
.NET Framework 4.7.1 is also shipped as a Windows container image.
===.NET Framework 4.7.2===
.NET Framework 4.7.2 was released on
.NET Framework 4.7.2 is also shipped as a Windows container image.
==.NET Framework 4.8==
.NET Framework 4.8 was released on 18
The most-recent release is 4.8.0 Build 4115, with an offline installer size of 115 MB (121,307,088 bytes) and a digital signature date of May 1, 2021.
===.NET Framework 4.8.1===
.NET Framework 4.8.1 was released on
The most-recent release is 4.8.1 Build
==References==
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