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{{other uses|Data (disambiguation)|Datum (disambiguation)}}
{{broader|Data}}
{{Merge to|Digital data|discuss=Talk:Digital data#Proposed merge of Data (computer science) into Digital data|date=March 2025}}
[[File:Data types - en.svg|thumb|Various types of data which can be visualized through a computer device.]]
In [[computer science]], '''data''' (treated as singular, plural, or as a [[mass noun]]) is [[Data|any sequence of one or more
Data exists in three states: [[data at rest]], [[data in transit]] and [[data in use]]. Data within a computer, in most cases, [[Parallel communication|moves as parallel data]]. Data moving to or from a computer, in most cases, [[Serial communication|moves as serial data]]. Data sourced from an analog device, such as a temperature sensor, may be converted to digital using an [[analog-to-digital converter]]. Data representing [[Quantity|quantities]], characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a [[computer]] are [[Data storage|stored]] and [[Record (computer science)|recorded]] on [[magnetic tape data storage|magnetic]], [[optical storage|optical]], electronic, or mechanical recording media, and [[Data communication|transmitted]] in the form of digital electrical or optical signals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/data|title=Data|work=Lexico|access-date=14 January 2022|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623094330/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/data |archive-date=2019-06-23 }}</ref> Data pass in and out of computers via [[peripheral|peripheral devices]].
Physical [[computer memory]] elements consist of an address and a byte/word of data storage. Digital data are often stored in [[Relational database#RDBMS|relational databases]], like [[table (database)|tables]] or SQL databases, and can generally be represented as abstract key/value pairs. Data can be organized in many different types of [[data structure]]s, including arrays, [[Graph (abstract data type)|graphs]], and [[Object (computer science)|objects]]. Data structures can store data of many different [[data type|types]], including [[
==Characteristics==
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To store data [[byte]]s in a file, they have to be [[Serialization|serialized]] in a [[file format]]. Typically, programs are stored in special file types, different from those used for other data. [[Executable|Executable file]]s contain programs; all other files are also [[data file]]s. However, executable files may also contain data used by the program which is built into the program. In particular, some executable files have a [[data segment]], which nominally contains constants and initial values for variables, both of which can be considered data.
The line between program and data can become blurry. An [[interpreter (computing)|interpreter]], for example, is a program. The input data to an interpreter is itself a program, just not one expressed in native [[Machine code|machine language]]. In many cases, the interpreted program will be a human-readable [[text file]], which is manipulated with a [[text editor]] program. [[Metaprogramming]] similarly involves programs manipulating other programs as data. Programs like [[compiler]]s, [[Linker (computing)|linker]]s, [[debugger]]s,
For example, a [[user (computing)|user]] might first instruct the [[operating system]] to load a [[word processor]] program from one file, and then use the running program to open and edit a [[Document file format|document]] stored in another file. In this example, the document would be considered data. If the word processor also features a [[spell checker]], then the dictionary (word list) for the spell checker would also be considered data. The [[algorithm]]s used by the spell checker to suggest corrections would be either [[machine code]] data or text in some interpretable [[programming language]].
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==Data keys and values, structures and persistence==
Keys in data provide the context for values. Regardless of the structure of data, there is always a key component present. Keys in data and data-structures are essential for giving meaning to data values. Without a key that is directly or indirectly associated with a value, or collection of values in a structure, the values become meaningless and cease to be data. That is to say, there has to be a key component linked to a value component in order for it to be considered data.{
Data can be represented in computers in multiple ways, as per the following examples:
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[[Category:Computer data| ]]
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