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{{use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{unordered list
|1=IP = International Protection
|2=2 = number from 0 to 6, or X
|3=3 = number from 0 to 9, or X
|4=C = (optional) letter A, B, C or D
|5=H = (optional) letter H, M, S or W
}}
]]
[[File:VIA VID Touch Screen Screen Display - VIA VID-2212-IP65 (5466727999).jpg|thumb|IP65 touchscreen display]]
[[File:09584jfCalumpit Pulilan Bulacan Landmarksfvf 17.jpg|thumb|IP65 LED lamp]]The '''IP code''' or '''
The standard aims to provide users more detailed information than vague marketing terms such as ''waterproof''. For example, a cellular phone rated at IP67 is "dust resistant" and can be "immersed in 1 meter of freshwater for up to 30 minutes". Similarly, an electrical socket rated IP22 is protected against insertion of fingers and will not become unsafe during a specified test in which it is exposed to vertically or nearly vertically dripping water. IP22 or IP2X are typical minimum requirements for the design of electrical accessories for indoor use.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IP Rating - Ingress Protection Explained {{!}} Tansun |url=https://www.tansun.com/gb_en/technical/technical-ip-rating.html |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=www.tansun.com}}</ref>
The digits indicate conformity with the conditions summarized in the tables below. The digit ''0'' is used where no protection is provided. The digit is replaced with the letter ''X'' when insufficient data has been gathered to assign a protection level. The device can become less capable; however, it cannot become unsafe.
There are no hyphens in a standard IP code. IPX-8 (for example) is thus an invalid IP code.<ref name="NE Laser" />
== Etymology ==
In the original IEC 60529 standard from year 1976, the letters IP are used without providing an explanation, and referred as "characteristic letters".<ref>{{Cite book |title=IEC Publication 529: Classification des degrés de protection procurés par les enveloppes – Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures |publisher=[[International Electrotechnical Commission]] |year=1976 |edition=1st}}</ref> In the next editions of the standard, from years 1989 and 1999 respectively, the IP is explained to denote "international protection" on both French and English pages. According to the Finnish national committee of the IEC, one possibility is that the abbreviation is a combination of English word ingress and French word ''pénétration'' which stands for ingress, but finding the correct answer would require doing a historical study on the 1970's standardization, which is difficult because the experts preparing the original standards are likely retired or deceased.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SESKO: Frequently asked questions (in Finnish) |url=https://sesko.fi/yhteystiedot/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=sesko.fi}}</ref>
==Code breakdown==
This table shows what each digit or part of the IP code represents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sourceiex.com/Catalogs/IP%20Degress%20Testing%20Details.pdf |title=Degrees of Protection |author=Source IEx }}</ref>
▲[[File:IPX Codes Explanation Chart.jpg|thumb|IP codes]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Code <br/>letters
! First
! Second
! Third
! Additional
! Supplementary
|-▼
! Solid particle protection
! Liquid ingress protection
! Mechanical impact resistance
! colspan=2 | Other protections
|-
| IP
| 0–6 or X
| 0–9 or X
| 0–9
| ''Letter''
| ''Letter''
|-
| By definition
| Required
| Required
| No longer used
| Optional
| Optional
|}
Line 34 ⟶ 66:
! Level sized !! Effective against !! Description
|-
! X
| ''Unknown''
|—▼
| X means no data is available to specify a protection rating about this criterion.
|-
! 0
▲| —
|-
! 1
| > {{convert|50|mm|abbr=on|disp=br}}
| Any large surface of the body, such as the back of a hand, but no protection against deliberate contact with a body part |-
! 2
| > {{convert|12.5|mm|abbr=on|disp=br}}
| Fingers or similar objects |-
! 3
| > {{convert|2.5|mm|abbr=on|disp=br}}
| Tools, thick wires, etc. |-
! 4
| > {{convert|1|mm|abbr=on|disp=br}}
| Most wires, slender screws, large ants, etc. |-
! 5
| Dust protected
|-
! 6
| Dust-tight
|}
===Second digit: Liquid ingress protection===
The second digit indicates the level of protection that the enclosure provides against harmful ingress of water.<ref name="NE Laser">{{citation|title=Ingress Protection: The System of Tests and Meaning of Codes|url=http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/06/ARG/bisenius.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522115323/http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/06/ARG/bisenius.htm|archive-date=2013-05-22|url-status=dead}}.<!-- http://www.webcitation.org/6DGYoRMwp?url=http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/06/ARG/bisenius.htm --></ref>
The ratings for water ingress are not cumulative beyond IPX6. A device compliant with IPX7 (covering water immersion) is not necessarily compliant with IPX5 or IPX6 (covering exposure to water jets). A device that meets both tests is indicated by listing both tests separated by a slash, e.g. IPX5/IPX7.
{| class="wikitable"
Line 70 ⟶ 110:
|-
! X
| ''Unknown''
| —
| X means no data is available to specify a protection rating concerning these criteria.
▲|-
|-
! 0
| None
| — | No protection against ingress of water |-
! 1
| Dripping water
| Test duration: 10 minutes
Water equivalent to {{convert|1|mm|in|abbr=on}} rainfall per minute
|-
! 2
| Dripping water when tilted at 15°
| Vertically dripping water shall have no harmful effect when the enclosure is tilted at an angle of 15° from its normal position. A total of four positions are tested within two axes. || Test duration: 2.5 minutes for every direction of tilt (10 minutes total)<br /> Water equivalent to {{convert|3|mm|in|abbr=on}} rainfall per minute
|-
! 3
| Spraying water
Test a) is conducted for 5 minutes, then repeated with the specimen rotated horizontally by 90° for the second 5-minute test. Test b) is conducted (with a shield in place) for 5 minutes minimum.
Test duration: 1 minute per square meter for at least 5 minutes{{sfn|IEC 60529|2013|p=27}}
Water volume: {{convert|10|liter/min}}
Line 100 ⟶ 145:
|-
! 4
| Splashing of water
| Water splashing against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effect, utilizing either: a) an oscillating fixture, or b) A spray nozzle with no shield.
Test
a) is conducted for 10 minutes.
b) is conducted (without shield) for 5 minutes minimum.
|
|-
! 5
| Water jets || Water projected by a nozzle ({{convert|6.3|mm|in|abbr=on}}) against enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects.
| Test duration: 1 minute per square meter for at least 3 minutes Water volume: 12.5 litres per minute
Pressure: {{convert|30|kPa|psi|abbr=on|adj=on}} at distance of {{convert|3|meters}}
|-
! 6
| Powerful water jets
| Test duration: 1 minute per square meter for at least 3 minutes
Water volume: {{convert|100|liters/min}}
Pressure: {{convert|100|kPa|psi|abbr=on|adj=on}} at distance of {{convert|3|meters}}
|-
! 6K
| Powerful water jets with increased pressure
Water volume: {{convert|75|liters/min}}
Pressure: {{convert|1000|kPa|psi|abbr=on|adj=on}} at distance of {{convert|3|meters}}
Line 130 ⟶ 180:
Depth specified by the manufacturer, generally up to {{convert|3|meters}}
|-
! 9
| Powerful high-temperature water jets
| Smaller specimens rotate slowly on a turntable from 4 specific angles. Larger specimens are mounted in the intended position when used, no turntable required, and are tested freehand for at least 3 minutes at a distance of {{convert|0.15|-|0.2|meters}}.
Line 142 ⟶ 193:
Water temperature: {{convert|80|C}}
|}
(All tests with the letter "K" are defined by ISO 20653 (replacing DIN 40050-9) and are not found in IEC 60529, except for IPx9, which is the same as the IP69K water test.)
Line 150 ⟶ 202:
! Letter
! Meaning
|-
! G
| Oil resistant
|-
! F
Line 170 ⟶ 225:
== IPx9K and IPx9 ==
[[Deutsches Institut für Normung|DIN]] 40050-9 extended the newer IEC 60529 rating system with an '''IP69K''' rating for high-pressure, high-temperature wash-down applications.<ref>{{citation | title = [[DIN]] 40050-9: ''Straßenfahrzeuge; IP-Schutzarten; Schutz gegen Fremdkörper, Wasser und Berühren; Elektrische Ausrüstung'' [Road vehicles; degrees of protection (IP-code); protection against foreign objects, water and impact; electrical equipment] | date = May 1993}}. An English translation of the German original is available from DIN.</ref> Enclosures conforming with ISO 20653:2013 must
The IPx9K standard was originally developed for road vehicles—especially those that need regular intensive cleaning (dump trucks, concrete mixers, etc.)—but it also finds use in other areas, such as [[food processing]] machinery and [[car wash]] systems. It was superseded by ISO 20653:2013 Road Vehicles-Degrees of protection (IP code),<ref>ISO 20653:2013 Road Vehicles-Degrees of protection (IP code) Protection of electrical equipment against foreign objects, water and access</ref> and complemented by the addition of a level 9 water ingress testing to IEC 60529, which includes essentially the same spray test as IPx9K, but also includes, in Figure 10 of the standard, a drawing for a test fixture designed to verify the correct water pressure.
Line 184 ⟶ 239:
|-
! NEMA enclosure<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nema.org/Products/Documents/nema-enclosure-types.pdf |title=NEMA Enclosure Types |date=November 2005 |publisher=National Electrical Manufacturers Association |access-date=10 January 2017 |pages=7–9 |archive-date=10 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610223224/https://www.nema.org/Products/Documents/nema-enclosure-types.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! IP
|-
| 1 || IP20
| |||