Mangarrayi language: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Australian Aboriginal language}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Mangarrayi

| states = [[Australia]]

| region = [[Northern Territory]]

| ethnicity = [[Mangarrayi]]

| date = 2016 census

| ref = 2 speakers = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_C16_T09_SA|title=Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)|last=ABS|website=stat.data.abs.gov.au|language=en-au|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2017-10-29|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226044803/http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_C16_T09_SA|url-status=dead}}</ref>

| familycolor = Australian

| fam1 = [[Macro-Gunwinyguan languages|Macro-Gunwinyguan]]

| fam2 = Marran

| iso3 = mpc

| aiatsis = N78

| glotto = mang1381

| glottorefname = Mangarrayi

| speakers = 2

}}

'''Mangarrayi''' (Manggarrai, Mungerry, Ngarrabadji) is an [[Australian Aboriginal language|Australian]] language spoken in the [[Northern Territory]]. Its classification is uncertain. [[Margaret Sharpe]] originally sought to record the language but turned to the study of [[Alawa language|Alawa]] after the station owner where her informants lived denied her access, having tired of the presence of researchers on the property.{{sfn|Sharpe|2008|p=61,n.2}}

== Speakers ==

The 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics official census indicates that there are no speakers of Mangarrayi remaining, however elders Sheila Conway and Jessie Roberts are both speakers of Mangarrayi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36270843|title=Big river country : stories from Elsey Station|date=1996|publisher=IAD Press|others=Dirngayg, Amy., Merlan, Francesca.|isbn=9780949659927|___location=Alice Springs, NT|oclc=36270843}}</ref>. SheilaConway continues to make an important contribution to language revitalization projects in the [[Jilkminggan, Northern Territory|Jilkminggan community]].

==Numeric SystemPhonology ==

=== Consonants ===

{| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! rowspan="2" |

! colspan="2" |[[Peripheral consonant|Peripheral]]

![[Laminal consonant|Laminal]]

! colspan="2" |[[Apical consonant|Apical]]

! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]

|-

![[Labial consonant|Labial]]

![[Velar consonant|Velar]]

![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]

![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]

![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]

|-

![[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]

|p

|k

|c

|t

|ʈ

|ʔ

|-

![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]

|m

|ŋ

|ɲ

|n

|ɳ

|

|-

![[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]

|

|

|

|ɾ

|ɻ

|

|-

![[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]

|

|

|

|l

|ɭ

|

|-

![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]

| colspan="2" |w

|j

|

|

|

|}

=== Vowels ===

{| class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align: center;"

!

![[Front vowel|Front]]

![[Central vowel|Central]]

![[Back vowel|Back]]

|-

![[Close vowel|High]]

|i

|

|u

|-

![[Mid vowel|Mid]]

|e

|

|o

|-

![[Low vowel|Low]]

|

|a

|

|}

Vowels /i, u, e, o/ can have lax allophones of [ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, o̞].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Merlan |first=Francesca |title=Mangarayi |publisher=Routledge: London: Routledge |year=1989}}</ref>

==Numeric system==

Mangarrayi has a number system that extends only to three.

==Vocabulary==

==Notes and references==

[[Arthur Capell|Capell]] (1940) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Mungarai (Mangarayi):<ref>Capell, Arthur. 1940. [https://glottolog.org/resource/reference/id/4167 The Classification of Languages in North and North-West Australia]. ''Oceania'' 10(3): 241-272, 404-433. {{doi|10.1002/j.1834-4461.1940.tb00292.x}}</ref>

===Explanatory notes===

{{notelist}}

:{| class="wikitable sortable"

! gloss

! Mungarai

|-

| man

| malaṉ

|-

| woman

| gaɖugu

|-

| head

| gaia

|-

| eye

| djib

|-

| nose

| miliŋ

|-

| mouth

| djäɽäb

|-

| tongue

| djawi

|-

| stomach

| daɽa

|-

| bone

| dama

|-

| blood

| guranjin

|-

| kangaroo

| garawi

|-

| opossum

| widjwidj

|-

| crow

| wagwag

|-

| fly

| mɔːdj

|-

| sun

| ganjwar

|-

| moon

| giidj

|-

| fire

| damaia

|-

| smoke

| gunburau

|-

| water

| ŋogo

|}

==Notes and references==

{{sister project |project=wiktionary |text=[[Wiktionary]] has a word list at '''''[[Wiktionary:Appendix:North Australian word lists|Appendix:North Australian word lists]]'''''}}

===Notes===

{{Reflist|20em30em}}

===References===

{{refbegin|30em}}

*{{Cite book| chapter = Alawa and its Neighbours: Enigma Variations 1 and 2

| last = Sharpe | first = Margaret

| title =Morphology and Language History: In Honour of Harold Koch

| editor1-last =Bowern | editor1-first = Claire

| editor2-last = Evans | editor2-first = Bethwyn

| editor3-last = Miceli | editor3-first = Luisa

| year = 2008

| publisher = [[John Benjamins Publishing]]

| pages = 59-7059–70

| chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=NaY5AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA59

| isbn = 978-9-027-24814-5

}}

| ref = harv

*Bernard Comrie. 2013. Numeral Bases. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) ''The World Atlas of Language Structures Online''. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/131, Accessed on 2017-04-27.)

}}

{{Refend}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

*Bernard Comrie. 2013. Numeral Bases.

In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.)

The World Atlas of Language Structures Online.

Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

(Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/131, Accessed on 2017-04-27.)

{{Refend}}

* Jessie Garalnganyjak Roberts et al., 2011, Mangarrayi and Yangman plants and animals : Aboriginal biocultural knowledge from Elsey and the Roper River, north Australia, Darwin : Dept. of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport : Diwurruwurru-Jaru Aboriginal Corp./Mimi Aboriginal Art & Craft

* Merlan, F., 1982, Mangarayi, Lingua Descriptive Series, vol. 4, Amsterdam

{{Pama–Nyungan languages|Macro}}

{{Australian Aboriginal languages}}

{{Refend}}

[[Category:Mangarrayi–Maran languages]]

[[Category:Mangarrayi-MaranNorthern languagesTerritory]]

{{ia-lang-stub}}