Timeline of programming languages: Difference between revisions

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! Predecessor(s)

|-

| 1790 (idea) <ref name=Knight>{{cite book|author=[[Edward H. Knight]]|year=1874–1875|chapter=<small><small>THE FIRST CENTURY OF THE REPUBLIC</small></small> (''Second Paper'') <small><small>MECHANICAL PROGRESS</small></small> Crompton's Fancy Loom|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4c7AQAAMAAJ&dq=Jacquard+attachment+1801&pg=PA91|editor-last1=Alden|editor-first1=Henry Mills |editor1-link= Henry Mills Alden |title=Harper's New Monthly Magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4c7AQAAMAAJ|volume=L|publisher=[[Harper & Brothers]]|publication-place=327-335 [[Pearl Street (Manhattan)|Pearl street]], [[Franklin Square (Manhattan)|Franklin Square]]|publication-date=1875 |page=91|access-date=|via=[[Cornell University Library]]: [[Google Books]] |quote=Jacquard, of Lyon, is reported to have conceived the idea in 1790, and in 1801 he received from the [[Exposition_des_produits_de_l%27industrie_française#2nd_exposition_(1801)|National Exposition]] a bronze medal for his invention of a machine for figure-[[weaving]], which he patented }}</ref>

| [[Jacquard loom]] (concept) <ref name=Knight/>

| [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]]

|

|style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"|

|- class="sortbottom"

|}

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! Predecessor(s)

|-

| 1801 (Lyon /<ref exhibitedname= in Paris) <refGeselowitz>

*{{cite web|url=https://www.computerhistory.org/storageengine/punched-cards-control-jacquard-loom/|website=computerhistory.org|title=The Jacquard Loom: A Driver of the Industrial Revolution|date=|publisher=[[ Computer History Museum]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|quote=In Lyon, France, Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834) demonstrated in 1801 a loom that enabled unskilled workers to weave complex patterns in silk.}}

*{{cite web|author=Michael N Geselowitz|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-jacquard-loom-a-driver-of-the-industrial-revolution|website=ieee.org|title=1801: Punched cards control Jacquard loom|date=1 Jan 2019|publisher=[[IEEE]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|quote=At an industrial exhibition in Paris in 1801, Jacquard demonstrated }}

*{{cite web|url=https://passerelles.essentiels.bnf.fr/fr/chronologie/article/06fe304e-561f-4b9d-bf32-24339fae5877-metier-tisser-jacquard|website=bnf.fr|title=Métier à tisser de Jacquard|date=|publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France|BnF]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|quote=En 1801, cet ingénieur de Lyon équipe le métier à tisser d’un mécanisme en fonte qui sélectionne les fils de chaîne grâce à un programme inscrit sur une carte perforée.}}

*{{cite book|year=1888|chapter=BROCADE|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjxKAAAAYAAJ&dq=Jacquard+attachment+1801&pg=PA746|___location=|editor1-link= Thomas Spencer Baynes |title=Supplement to Encyclopedia Britannica. (<small><small>NINTH EDITION.</small></small>) <small><small>A DICTIONARY OF ARTS SCIENCES AND GENERAL LITERATURE</small></small> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjxKAAAAYAAJ|volume=1|edition=9|publication-place=|publisher=[[H.G. Allen]]|publication-date= 1833 |access-date=|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=Until the invention of the Jacquard attachment to the loom in the year 1801, embroidered silk goods were called brocades.}}</ref>

| [[Jacquard machine]] (implementation) <ref name= Geselowitz/>

| Joseph Marie Jacquard

|style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language) }}

|- class="sortbottom"

|}

==1830s==

{| class="wikitable sortable"

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! Predecessor(s)

|-

| 1837 <ref name=Rojas>{{cite web|author=Raul Rojas|url=https://cacm.acm.org/research/the-first-computer-program/|website=acm.org|title=The First Computer Program|date=13 May 2024|publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref>

| BAB L1 <ref name=Rojas/>

| [[Charles Babbage]]

| Jacquard <ref name=HollingsMartinRice>{{cite web|author1=Christopher Hollings|author2= Ursula Martin |author3=Adrian Rice|url=https://blogs.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/adalovelace/2018/07/26/ada-lovelace-and-the-analytical-engine/|website=[[Bodleian Library|bodleian.ox.ac.uk]]|title=Ada Lovelace and the Analytical Engine |date=26 July 2018|publisher=[[University of Oxford]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref>

|- class="sortbottom"

|}

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! Predecessor(s)

|-

| 1843 <ref name=HollingsMartinRice/><ref>{{cite web|author1=Amy Ackerberg-Hastings|author2= Hardy Grant|url=https://notes.math.ca/en/article/ada-lovelace-new-light-on-her-mathematics/|website=math.ca|title=CMS Notes|date=|publisher=[[Canadian Mathematical Society]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref>

| [[Note G]] <ref>{{cite web|author=Anna Siffert|url=https://www.mpg.de/female-pioneers-of-science/Ada-Lovelace|website=mpg.de|title=Ada Lovelace and the first computer programme in the world|date=|publisher=[[Max-Planck-Gesellschaft]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}(ed.: ''[[erratum]]/[[corrigendum]]'': "1848")</ref><ref name=HollingsMartinRice/>

| [[Ada Lovelace]]

|Augusta Ada [[William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace|King]] (''[[née]]'' [[Lord Byron|Gordon]]), [[Earl_of_Lovelace#Barons_King_(1725)_(of_Ockham)|Countess of Lovelace]] <ref>{{cite web|author=Charles Wallis|url=https://home.csulb.edu/~cwallis/labs/computability/lovelace.html|website=csulb.edu|title=Ada Byron King Countess of Lovelace |date=|publisher=[[California State University, Long Beach]]|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> ([[Aka|a.k.a.]] [[Ada Lovelace]])

| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}

|- class="sortbottom"

|}

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! Predecessor(s)

|-

| 1879

| [[Begriffsschrift]] <ref>{{cite book|last1=Shapiro|first1=Alan N.|author-link1=Alan N. Shapiro|last2= |chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://wwwbooks.google.co.ukcom/books/edition/Decoding_Digital_Culture_with_Science_Fi/pyMMEQAAQBAJ?hlid=en&gbpv=1pyMMEQAAQBAJ&dq=1879+Begriffsschrift+history+of+programming+language&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover|title=Decoding Digital Culture with Science Fiction Hyper-Modernism, Hyperreality, and Posthumanism|url=https://wwwbooks.google.co.ukcom/books/edition/Decoding_Digital_Culture_with_Science_Fi/pyMMEQAAQBAJ?hlid=en&gbpv=0pyMMEQAAQBAJ|page=20|publication-place=|publisher=transcript Verlag|publication-date=2024 |isbn=9783839472422|issn=|url-status=|access-date=|quote=logic that enabled the invention of the digital-binary computer by Alan Turing" - "began with Gottlob Frege's ''Begriffsschrift''}}</ref>

| [[Gottlob Frege]]

|style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language) }}

|- class="sortbottom"

|}

Line 94 ⟶ 95:

! Predecessor(s)

|-

| 1943–45/46 <ref>{{cite book|last1=Zuse|first1=Konrad|author-link1=|chapter=Chapter 6|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ro5JOskbChAC&q=Plankalk%C3%BCl|editor-last1=Wössner|editor-first1=Hans |editor1-link=Hans Wössner|page=101|trans-title=The Computer - My Life|title=Der Computer – Mein Lebenswerk|url=|series=|language=|volume=|edition=|translator-last1=McKenna |translator-first1=Patricia |translator-link1= |translator-last2=Ross|translator-first2=J Andrew |publication-place=Berlin Heidelberg|publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]]|publication-date=28 September 1993 |isbn=3540564535|issn=|url-status=|access-date=|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The work on the ''Plankalkül'' was completed in the years 1945/46 and I had no opportunity whatsoever to publish.}}</ref>

|1943–45

| [[Plankalkül]] (year of conceptualization)

| [[Konrad Zuse]]

| {{n/a|{{nwr|none (unique language)}}}}

|

|-

| 1943–46

| [[ENIAC|ENIAC coding system ]]

| [[John von Neumann]], [[John Mauchly]], [[J. Presper Eckert]], and [[Herman Goldstine]] after [[Alan Turing]].

|rowspan=2 style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language) }}

|-

| 1946

| [[ENIAC#Programming languages|ENIAC Short Code]]

| Richard Clippinger and [[John von Neumann]] after [[Alan Turing]]

| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}

|-

| 1947–52

Line 114 ⟶ 116:

|-

| 1948

| [[Plankalkül]] (year of concept publication)

| [[Konrad Zuse]]

|

| style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"|none (unique language)

|-

|rowspan=2 | 1949

Line 123 ⟶ 125:

| ENIAC coding system

|-

| [[Short Code (computer language)|Short Code]] (originally known <br>as Brief Code)

| [[John Mauchly]] and William F. Schmitt

| ENIAC Short Code

|- class="sortbottom"

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| ALGAE

| Edward A. Voorhees, Karl Balke

|style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language)}}

|-

| Intermediate Programming Language

Line 169 ⟶ 171:

| Stanislaus (Notation)

| [[Friedrich L. Bauer|Fritz Bauer]]

|rowspan=2 style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language) }}

|-

| [[Sort Merge Generator]]

| [[Betty Holberton]]

| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}

|-

|rowspan=6 | 1952

| [[Short Code (computer language)|Short Code]] (for UNIVAC&nbsp;II)

| Albert B. Tonik,<ref>[http://purl.umn.edu/104288 UNIVAC conference], [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota. 171-page transcript of oral history with computer pioneers, including Albert B. Tonik, involved with the [[Univac]] computer, held on 17–18 May 1990.</ref> J. R. Logan

Line 184 ⟶ 187:

|-

| [[Autocode|Glennie Autocode]]

| [[Alick Glennie]] after [[Alan Turing]]

| CPC Coding scheme

|-

| Operator programming

| [[Alexey Andreevich Lyapunov]] with the participation [[Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist)|Kateryna Yushchenko]]

| [[MESM]]

|-

| Editing Generator

| [[Milly Koss]]

| SORT/MERGE

|-

| COMPOOL

| RAND/SDC

|rowspan=4 style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language) }}

|-

|rowspan=2 |1953

| [[Speedcoding]]

| [[John Backus|John W. Backus]]

| {{n/a|none (unique language}}

|-

| READ/PRINT

| Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman

| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}

|-

|rowspan=6 |1954

| [[Laning and Zierler system]]

| [[J. Halcombe Laning]], Niel Zierler, Adams at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[Whirlwind (computer)|Project Whirlwind]]

| {{n/a|none (unique language}}

|-

| [[Autocode|Mark I Autocode]]

Line 216 ⟶ 222:

| [[ARITH-MATIC]]

| Team led by [[Grace Hopper]] at UNIVAC

|rowspan=2 |A-0

|-

| [[MATH-MATIC]]

| Team led by [[Charles Katz]]

|-

| MATRIX MATH

| H G Kahrimanian

|rowspan=2 style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language) }}

|-

| [[Information Processing Language|IPL I]] (concept)

| [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert A. Simon]]

| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}

|-

| 1954–55

Line 236 ⟶ 243:

| [[Address (programming language)|Address programming language]]

| [[Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist)|Kateryna Yushchenko]]

| Operator programming

| Operator programming – Alexey Andreevich Lyapunov & [[Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist)|Kateryna Yushchenko]] & [[MESM]]

|-

| [[FLOW-MATIC]]

Line 252 ⟶ 259:

| Freiburger Code<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pl.attitu.de/zuse/technik/freiburger.html|title=Der Freiburger Code auf der Zuse|language=de|access-date=26 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/seite51.html|title=Z22|author=H. Zuse|access-date=26 October 2014}}</ref>

| [[University of Freiburg]]

| {{n/a|none (unique language)}}

|-

| PRINT

Line 279 ⟶ 286:

| [[GEORGE (programming language)|GEORGE]]

| [[Charles Leonard Hamblin]]

| style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language) }}

|-

| [[FORTRAN I]] (implementation)

Line 287 ⟶ 294:

| [[COMIT]] (concept)

| [[Victor Yngve]]

| style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language) }}

|-

| 1957–58

Line 318 ⟶ 325:

| [[FACT computer language|FACT]]

| [[Fletcher R. Jones]], [[Roy Nutt]], Robert L. Patrick

| style="border: 1px light grey; text-align: center;"{{n/a| none (unique language) }}

|-

| [[COBOL]] (concept)

Line 329 ⟶ 336:

|-

| [[Lisp (programming language)|LISP]] (implementation)

| [[Steve_Russell_Steve Russell (computer_scientistcomputer scientist)|Steve Russell]]

| IPL

|-

Line 627 ⟶ 634:

| [[B (programming language)|B]]

| [[Ken Thompson]], with contributions from [[Dennis Ritchie]]

| [[BCPL]], [[Fortran]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EY6q5dv_B-o | title=Ken Thompson interviewed by Brian Kernighan at VCF East 2019 | website=[[YouTube]] | date=6 May 2019 }}</ref>

|-

| 1969

Line 1,210 ⟶ 1,217:

| [[Mathematica]] ([[Wolfram Language]]<!-- was named that years later, is the language of the larger system Mathematica-->)

| [[Wolfram Research]]

| {{n/a|none (unique language), though borrowing some syntax from C and certain functionalities of lists from LISP}}

|-

| 1988

Line 1,898 ⟶ 1,905:

| 2007

| [[Oberon (programming language)#Oberon-07|Oberon-07]]

| [[Niklaus Wirth|Wirth]]

| Oberon

|-

Line 2,238 ⟶ 2,245:

==External links==

* [http://hopl.info/ Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages]

* [httphttps://merd.sourceforge.net/pixel/language-study/diagram.html Diagram & history of programming languages]

* [http://www.levenez.com/lang/ Eric Levenez's timeline diagram of computer languages history]