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{{redirect|J'accuse}}
{{italic title}}
[[File:
"'''''J'Accuse...!'''''" ({{IPA
Other pamphlets proclaiming Dreyfus's innocence include [[Bernard Lazare]]'s ''A Miscarriage of Justice: The Truth about the Dreyfus Affair'' (November 1896).
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{{main|Dreyfus affair}}
[[Image:Krakowskie.Zycie.1898.jpg|thumb|Edition of the Polish {{lang|pl|[[Życie]]}} reporting on Zola's letter and the [[Dreyfus affair]]]]
[[Alfred Dreyfus]] was a French army officer from a prosperous [[History of the Jews in France|Jewish]] family.<ref name=adb>
A cleaning woman and French spy by the name of Madame Marie Bastian working at the German Embassy was at the source of the investigation. She routinely searched wastebaskets and mailboxes at the German Embassy for suspicious documents.<ref name=burns>Burns, M. (1999). ''France and the Dreyfus Affair: A Documentary History''. New York: St. Martin's College Publishing Group.</ref> She found a suspicious [[wikt:bordereau|bordereau]] (detailed listing of documents) at the German Embassy in 1894, and delivered it to Commandant Hubert-Joseph Henry, who worked for French military counterintelligence in the General Staff.<ref name=burns/>
The bordereau had been torn into six pieces, and had been found by Madame Bastian in the wastepaper basket of [[Maximilian von Schwartzkoppen]], the German military attaché.<ref name=burns/> When the document was investigated, Dreyfus was convicted largely on the basis of testimony by professional [[Questioned document examination|handwriting experts]]:<ref name=nyt>{{Cite web |last=Rothstein
Dreyfus was found guilty of [[treason]] in a secret military court-martial, during which he was denied the right to examine the evidence against him. The [[French Army|Army]] stripped him of his rank in a humiliating ceremony and shipped him off to [[Devil's Island]], a penal colony located off the coast of French Guiana in [[South America]].<ref name=burns/>
France, where [[antisemitism]] has always been endemic, was experiencing a particularly intense period at this time; very few outside Dreyfus's family defended him. Nevertheless, the initial conviction was annulled by the [[Court of Cassation (France)|Supreme Court]] after a thorough investigation. In 1899, Dreyfus returned to France for a retrial, but although found guilty again, he was pardoned.<ref name=burns/> In 1906, Dreyfus appealed his case again; he obtained the
===Émile Zola===
[[File:Zola jaccuse0001.jpg|thumb|1898 portrait of Zola by [[Nadar]]]]
[[Émile Zola]] was born on 2 April 1840 in Paris. His main literary work was {{lang|fr|[[Les Rougon-Macquart]]}}, a monumental cycle of twenty novels about Parisian society during the [[French Second Empire]] under [[Napoleon III]] and after the [[Franco-Prussian War]]. He was also the founder of the [[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalist]] movement in 19th-century literature. Zola was among the strongest proponents of the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]]. He was made Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] on 13 July 1893
==Publication==
Zola risked his career in January 1898 when he decided to stand up for [[Alfred Dreyfus]]. Zola wrote an open letter to the
===Contents of ''J'Accuse...!''===
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==Trial of Zola and aftermath==
Zola was brought to trial for libel for publishing his letter to the
Four years after the letter was published, Zola died from [[carbon monoxide]] poisoning caused by a blocked chimney. On 4 June 1908, Zola's remains were laid to rest in the [[Panthéon]] in Paris. In 1953, the newspaper {{lang|fr|[[Libération (newspaper, 1941–1964)|Libération]]}} published a death-bed confession by a Parisian roofer that he had murdered Zola by blocking the chimney of his house.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://creativitydiaries.wordpress.com/2018/02/03/jaccuse-the-sins-of-the-artist/|title=J'Accuse! The Sins of the Artist|date=3 February 2018}}{{fcn|date=May 2023}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=August 2023}}
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{{In popular culture|section|date=September 2022}}
[[File:Filastin (La Palestine) March 25th 1925 editorial addressed to Lord Balfour.pdf|thumb|right|The most popular Palestinian Arab newspaper, ''[[Filastin (newspaper)|Filastin (La Palestine)]]'', published a four-page editorial in March 1925 protesting the [[Balfour Declaration]], beginning with "J'Accuse!"]]
{{DreyfusAffair}}▼
* In 1913, the Mexican deputy [[Luis Manuel Rojas]] gave a discourse ({{lang|es|Yo acuso...}}) in front of the Chamber of Deputies against the American ambassador [[Henry Lane Wilson]] due to his participation in the assassination of president and vice-president [[Francisco I. Madero]] and [[José María Pino Suárez]].
* In 1915, the German pacifist [[Richard Grelling]] wrote a book titled {{lang|fr|J'Accuse!}} in which he condemned the actions of the German Empire.
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* In 1954, during the controversy surrounding [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] and the [[Oppenheimer security hearing|allegations that he posed a security risk]] to the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|Atomic Energy Commission]], journalists [[Joseph Alsop|Joseph]] and [[Stewart Alsop]] wrote an article for ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'' titled "We Accuse!", in which they defend Oppenheimer as the victim of a petty grudge held by AEC chairman [[Lewis Strauss]].<ref>Alsop, J., & Alsop, S. [http://www.harpers.org/archive/1954/10/0006744 "We Accuse!"] ''Harper's'' (October 1954).</ref>
* The film ''[[I Accuse!]]'', starring [[José Ferrer]] as Dreyfus, was released In 1958.
* In 1961, during the trial of [[Adolf Eichmann]], head prosecutor [[Gideon Hausner]] used the phrase in his opening statement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eichmann's handwritten clemency plea released in Israel |url=
* In 1982, ''[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary Magazine]]'' editor [[Norman Podhoretz]] used the title {{lang|fr|"J'Accuse"}} for an article blaming [[antisemitism]] for allegedly excessive criticism of [[Israel]] during [[1982 Lebanon War|the 1982 Israel-Lebanon war]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=Norman |last=Podhoretz
* Also in 1982, [[Graham Greene]] published ''{{lang|fr|italic=unset|J'Accuse}}: The Dark Side of Nice'' in which he declared that organised crime flourished in [[Nice]] because the city's upper levels of civic government protected judicial and police corruption.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eder |first=Richard |title=On the Riviera, A Morality Tale by Graham Greene |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/02/20/specials/greene-riviera.html |work=The New York Times |date=5 February 1982 |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
* In 1998, the Australian satirical television program ''[[The Games (Australian TV series)|The Games]]'' debuted the character Jack Hughes in an episode titled {{lang|fr|italic=no|[[List of The Games episodes|"J'Accuse"]]}}. The show is a satire critical of, among other things, corruption in the organizing of the [[2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games in Sydney]]; the character Jack Hughes is a journalist who often probes into scandals and corruption, much to the annoyance of the show's protagonists.
* In 2003, [[New Directions Publishing|New Directions]] published [[Israel]]i poet [[Aharon Shabtai]]'s {{lang|fr|J'Accuse}}, a collection of poems drawn from two different collections, ''Politika'' and ''Artzenu'', and translated by [[Peter Cole]].
* In 2008, film director [[Peter Greenaway]] released a documentary titled [[Rembrandt's J'Accuse|''Rembrandt's {{lang|fr|cat=no|italic=unset|J'Accuse}}'']]. It is a companion piece to his film ''[[Nightwatching]]''. It illustrates Greenaway's theory that [[Rembrandt]]'s painting ''[[The Night Watch]]'' leaves clues to a murder by some of those portrayed.
* In 2012, linguists [[Noam Chomsky]] and [[Hagit Borer]], together with seven other colleagues who had recently travelled to [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] for a [[linguistics]] conference, wrote an open letter which began {{lang|fr|Nous accusons...}} ('We accuse...') on how the mainstream media fails to report on Israeli atrocities against civilians in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]], which was published in Canada,<ref>
* In 2012, [[Wayne Swan]], the then [[
*On 13 May 2016, Brazilian columnist and politics professor
*On 1 September 2016, Argentinian lawyer and politician [[Margarita Stolbizer]] published a book titled {{lang|fr|Yo acuso}} ("I accuse") denouncing corruption during the government of Argentina's president [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarin.com/politica/Stolbizer-presento-acuso-Vidal-Massa_0_1642635928.html|title=Stolbizer presentó su libro ''Yo acuso'' junto a Vidal y Massa|language=es|date=September 2016|access-date=2016-09-01}}{{fcn|date=May 2023}}</ref>
*On 9 June 2017, ''[[The New York Times]]''{{'}} [[White House]] correspondent [[Peter Baker (author)|Peter Baker]] wrote, in reference to the testimony of fired US [[FBI]] director [[James Comey]] before the [[US Senate]]'s Intelligence Committee, "While delivered in calm, deliberate and unemotional terms, Mr. Comey's testimony on Thursday was almost certainly the most damning {{lang|fr|italic=no|j'accuse}} moment by a senior law enforcement official against a president [referring to [[Donald Trump]]] in a generation."<ref>{{cite web |title=For Trump, the 'Cloud' Just Grew That Much Darker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/us/politics/donald-trump-james-comey.html |website=The New York Times |date=8 June 2017 |access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref>
*In 2019, [[Norman Finkelstein]] published a book titled ''I Accuse!'' in which he attempted to prove that [[International Criminal Court]] chief prosecutor [[Fatou Bensouda]] failed to properly investigate potential Israeli war crimes in the [[2010 Gaza flotilla raid]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Finkelstein |first=Norman |title=I Accuse! |date=2019 |publisher=OR Books |isbn=9781682192276 |language=en}}</ref>
*On 19 April 2020, UK cabinet minister [[Michael Gove]] used the phrase "a {{lang|fr|italic=no|j'accuse}} narrative" in response to media reporting of the prime minister's absence from [[COBR]] meetings during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Walker |first=Peter |title=Boris Johnson missed five coronavirus Cobra meetings, Michael Gove says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/19/michael-gove-fails-to-deny-pm-missed-five-coronavirus-cobra-meetings |work=The Guardian |date=19 April 2020 |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>
* On 3 June 2020, ''[[The Atlantic]]'', writing about President Trump's former
* In the 2021 French television series ''[[Lupin (French TV series)|Lupin]]'', Fabienne Beriot's dog is named {{lang|fr|italic=yes|J'accuse}}, because Fabienne is a journalist.
* The French title of [[Roman Polanski]]'s film about the Dreyfus affair (in which Zola is a character) is ''J'Accuse'', although its English-language title is ''[[An Officer and a Spy]]''.
* In 2020, French actor [[David Serero (singer)|David Serero]] recorded the entirety of the "J'Accuse" text.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amazon.fr/J-Accuse/dp/B08PVX6SVG | title=J' Accuse : David Serero, Émile Zola, David Serero: Amazon.fr: Livres et œuvres originales Audible }}</ref>
==References==
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{{Émile Zola}}
▲{{DreyfusAffair}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:French political catchphrases]]
[[Category:1890s neologisms]]
[[Category:1890s quotations]]
[[Category:Political quotes]]
[[Category:History of newspapers in France]]
[[Category:January 1898 in Europe]]
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