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[[File:J'accuse - Gallica - page 1.jpg|thumb|Front page cover of the newspaper ''L'Aurore'' for Thursday 13 January 1898, with the letter ''J'Accuse...!'', written by [[Émile Zola]] about the [[Dreyfus affair]]. The headline reads ''I Accuse...! Letter to the President of the Republic''.]]
"'''''J'Accuse...!'''''" ({{IPA|fr|ʒakyz}}; "I Accuse...!") is an [[open letter]], written by [[Émile Zola]] in response to the events of the [[Dreyfus affair]], that was published on 13 January 1898 in the newspaper ''[[L'Aurore]]''. Zola addressed the [[
Other pamphlets proclaiming Dreyfus's innocence include [[Bernard Lazare]]'s ''A Miscarriage of Justice: The Truth about the Dreyfus Affair'' (November 1896).
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Dreyfus was found guilty of [[treason]] in a secret military court-martial, during which he was denied the right to examine the evidence against him. The [[French Army|Army]] stripped him of his rank in a humiliating ceremony and shipped him off to [[Devil's Island]], a penal colony located off the coast of French Guiana in [[South America]].<ref name=burns/>
France, where [[antisemitism]] has always been endemic, was experiencing a particularly intense period at this time; very few outside Dreyfus's family defended him. Nevertheless, the initial conviction was annulled by the [[Court of Cassation (France)|Supreme Court]] after a thorough investigation. In 1899, Dreyfus returned to France for a retrial, but although found guilty again, he was pardoned.<ref name=burns/> In 1906, Dreyfus appealed his case again; he obtained the
===Émile Zola===
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==Publication==
Zola risked his career in January 1898 when he decided to stand up for [[Alfred Dreyfus]]. Zola wrote an open letter to the
===Contents of ''J'Accuse...!''===
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==Trial of Zola and aftermath==
Zola was brought to trial for libel for publishing his letter to the
Four years after the letter was published, Zola died from [[carbon monoxide]] poisoning caused by a blocked chimney. On 4 June 1908, Zola's remains were laid to rest in the [[Panthéon]] in Paris. In 1953, the newspaper {{lang|fr|[[Libération (newspaper, 1941–1964)|Libération]]}} published a death-bed confession by a Parisian roofer that he had murdered Zola by blocking the chimney of his house.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://creativitydiaries.wordpress.com/2018/02/03/jaccuse-the-sins-of-the-artist/|title=J'Accuse! The Sins of the Artist|date=3 February 2018}}{{fcn|date=May 2023}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=August 2023}}
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* In 1954, during the controversy surrounding [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] and the [[Oppenheimer security hearing|allegations that he posed a security risk]] to the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|Atomic Energy Commission]], journalists [[Joseph Alsop|Joseph]] and [[Stewart Alsop]] wrote an article for ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'' titled "We Accuse!", in which they defend Oppenheimer as the victim of a petty grudge held by AEC chairman [[Lewis Strauss]].<ref>Alsop, J., & Alsop, S. [http://www.harpers.org/archive/1954/10/0006744 "We Accuse!"] ''Harper's'' (October 1954).</ref>
* The film ''[[I Accuse!]]'', starring [[José Ferrer]] as Dreyfus, was released In 1958.
* In 1961, during the trial of [[Adolf Eichmann]], head prosecutor [[Gideon Hausner]] used the phrase in his opening statement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eichmann's handwritten clemency plea released in Israel |url=
* In 1982, ''[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary Magazine]]'' editor [[Norman Podhoretz]] used the title {{lang|fr|"J'Accuse"}} for an article blaming [[antisemitism]] for allegedly excessive criticism of [[Israel]] during [[1982 Lebanon War|the 1982 Israel-Lebanon war]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=Norman |last=Podhoretz |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722122700/http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/j-accuse-6602 |archive-date=2012-07-22 |url=http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/j-accuse-6602 |title=J'accuse |work=[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary Magazine]]|date=September 1982}}</ref>
* Also in 1982, [[Graham Greene]] published ''{{lang|fr|italic=unset|J'Accuse}}: The Dark Side of Nice'' in which he declared that organised crime flourished in [[Nice]] because the city's upper levels of civic government protected judicial and police corruption.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eder |first=Richard |title=On the Riviera, A Morality Tale by Graham Greene |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/02/20/specials/greene-riviera.html |work=The New York Times |date=5 February 1982 |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
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* In 2008, film director [[Peter Greenaway]] released a documentary titled [[Rembrandt's J'Accuse|''Rembrandt's {{lang|fr|cat=no|italic=unset|J'Accuse}}'']]. It is a companion piece to his film ''[[Nightwatching]]''. It illustrates Greenaway's theory that [[Rembrandt]]'s painting ''[[The Night Watch]]'' leaves clues to a murder by some of those portrayed.
* In 2012, linguists [[Noam Chomsky]] and [[Hagit Borer]], together with seven other colleagues who had recently travelled to [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] for a [[linguistics]] conference, wrote an open letter which began {{lang|fr|Nous accusons...}} ('We accuse...') on how the mainstream media fails to report on Israeli atrocities against civilians in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]], which was published in Canada,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rabble.ca/news/2012/11/nous-accusons-mainstream-media-fails-report-atrocities-gaza |title=Nous accusons: Mainstream media fails to report on atrocities against Gaza |work=[[Rabble.ca]] |date=14 November 2012}}</ref> the US<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mondoweiss.net/2012/11/nous-accusons-mainstream-media-fails-to-report-context-and-severity-of-israeli-atrocities-against-gaza/ |title=Nous accusons: Mainstream media fails to report on context and severity of atrocities against Gaza |work=[[Mondoweiss]] |date=14 November 2012}}</ref> and translated, in France.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.legrandsoir.info/nous-accusons-la-sourde-oreille-des-grands-medias-sur-la-situation-et-la-gravite-des-atrocites-commises-par-israel-a-gaza.html |title=Nous accusons ! La sourde oreille des grands médias sur la situation et la gravité des atrocités commises par Israël à Gaza |lang=fr |date=16 November 2012}}{{fcn|date=May 2023}}</ref>
* In 2012, [[Wayne Swan]], the then [[
*On 13 May 2016, Brazilian columnist and politics professor [[Vladimir Safatle]] published an article in the {{lang|pt|[[Folha de S.Paulo]]}} newspaper titled {{lang|fr|italic=no|"Nós acusamos"}} (we accuse), denouncing the several problems related to the removal from office of Brazil's president [[Dilma Rousseff]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/colunas/vladimirsafatle/2016/05/1770605-nos-acusamos.shtml|title=Nós acusamos|language=pt-BR|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref>
*On 1 September 2016, Argentinian lawyer and politician [[Margarita Stolbizer]] published a book titled {{lang|fr|Yo acuso}} ("I accuse") denouncing corruption during the government of Argentina's president [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Kirchner]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarin.com/politica/Stolbizer-presento-acuso-Vidal-Massa_0_1642635928.html|title=Stolbizer presentó su libro ''Yo acuso'' junto a Vidal y Massa|language=es|date=September 2016|access-date=2016-09-01}}{{fcn|date=May 2023}}</ref>
*On 9 June 2017, ''[[The New York Times]]''{{'}} [[White House]] correspondent [[Peter Baker (author)|Peter Baker]] wrote, in reference to the testimony of fired US [[FBI]] director [[James Comey]] before the [[US Senate]]'s Intelligence Committee, "While delivered in calm, deliberate and unemotional terms, Mr. Comey's testimony on Thursday was almost certainly the most damning {{lang|fr|italic=no|j'accuse}} moment by a senior law enforcement official against a president [referring to [[Donald Trump]]] in a generation."<ref>{{cite web |title=For Trump, the 'Cloud' Just Grew That Much Darker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/us/politics/donald-trump-james-comey.html |website=The New York Times |date=8 June 2017 |access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref>
*In 2019, [[Norman Finkelstein]] published a book titled
*On 19 April 2020, UK cabinet minister [[Michael Gove]] used the phrase "a {{lang|fr|italic=no|j'accuse}} narrative" in response to media reporting of the prime minister's absence from [[COBR]] meetings during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Walker |first=Peter |title=Boris Johnson missed five coronavirus Cobra meetings, Michael Gove says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/19/michael-gove-fails-to-deny-pm-missed-five-coronavirus-cobra-meetings |work=The Guardian |date=19 April 2020 |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>
* On 3 June 2020, ''[[The Atlantic]]'', writing about President Trump's former
* In the 2021 French television series ''[[Lupin (French TV series)|Lupin]]'', Fabienne Beriot's dog is named {{lang|fr|italic=yes|J'accuse}}, because Fabienne is a journalist.
* The French title of [[Roman Polanski]]'s film about the Dreyfus affair (in which Zola is a character) is ''J'Accuse'', although its English-language title is ''[[An Officer and a Spy]]''.
* In 2020, French actor [[David Serero (singer)|David Serero]] recorded the
==References==
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[[Category:1890s quotations]]
[[Category:Political quotes]]
[[Category:History of newspapers in France]]
[[Category:January 1898 in Europe]]
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