Java stingaree: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of cartilaginous fish}}

{{Taxobox

{{Speciesbox

| name = Java stingaree

| status = PEEX

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 31 December 2023">{{Citecite journaliucn | author=Constance, J. |author2= LastEbert, PD.RA. | author2 author3=Fahmi, MarshallFinucci, L.JB. |author4=Simeon, last-author-ampB. |author5=Kyne, yesP.M. |year=2023 |title = ''Urolophus javanicus'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 20062023 | page = e.T60095A12247760T60095A229337053 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2006 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/60095/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60095A12247760.en | access-date = 2331 December 20172023}}</ref>

| regnumextinct = [[Animalia]]2019

| phylumgenus = [[Chordata]]Urolophus

| species = '''''U. javanicus'''''

| classis = [[Chondrichthyes]]

| binomial_authorityauthority = ([[Eduard von Martens|E. von Martens]], 1864)

| subclassis = [[Elasmobranchii]]

| synonyms = *''Trygonoptera javanica'' <small>E. von Martens, 1864</small>

| ordo = [[Myliobatiformes]]

| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{Catalogue of Life|id=7DW7Y|title=''Urolophus javanicus''|access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref>

| familia = [[Urolophidae]]

| genus = ''[[Urolophus]]''

| species = '''''U. javanicus'''''

| binomial = ''Urolophus javanicus''

| binomial_authority = ([[Eduard von Martens|E. von Martens]], 1864)

| synonyms = ''Trygonoptera javanica'' <small>E. von Martens, 1864</small>

}}

The '''Java stingaree''' ('''''Urolophus javanicus''''') is aan extinct [[species]] of [[Myliobatiformes|stingray]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Urolophidae]], known only from a single female specimen {{convert|33|cm|in|abbr=on}} long caught off [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]. This species is characterized by an oval-shaped [[pectoral fin]] disc longer than wide, and a tail with a [[dorsal fin]] in front of the stinging spine and a [[caudal fin]]. It is brown above, with darker and lighter spots. The [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] has listed the Java stingaree as [[critically endangeredExtinction|Extinct]];<ref name="iucn status 31 December 2023" /> it has not been recorded since its discovery over 150 years ago, and its range is subject to heavy fishing pressure and [[habitat degradation]].

[[Category:Extinct animals of Indonesia]]

==Taxonomy==

In July 1862, German [[zoologist]] [[Eduard von Martens]] purchased the sole known specimen of the Java stingaree at a fish market in Jakarta. He described it as ''Trygonoptera javanica'' in an 1864 volume of the [[scientific journal]] ''Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin'' (''Monthly Report of the Academy of Sciences, Berlin'').<ref name="martens">{{cite journal |author=Martens, E. von |date=April 18, 1864 |title=Über eine neue Art von Rochen, ''Trygonoptera javanica'' |journal=Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin |volume=1864 |pages=260&ndash;264}}</ref> Subsequent authors moved this species to the genus ''Urolophus''.<ref name="last and compagno">{{cite book |author=Last, P.R. |author2=L.J.V. Compagno |lastname-authorlist-ampstyle=yesamp |chapter=Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae |editor=Carpenter, K.E. |editor2=V.H. Niem |title=FAO identification guide for fishery purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific |publisher=Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations |year=1999 |isbn=92-5-104302-7 |pages=1469&ndash;1476}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==

The Java stingaree has only been found offin the [[Java Sea]], perhaps in the vicinity of Jakarta. Its exact range, and depth and [[habitat]] preferences, are unknown but probably very restricted.<ref name="iucn status 31 December 2023" />

==Description==

The Java stingaree has an oval [[pectoral fin]] disc slightly longer than wide; the leading margins are gently convex and converge at a blunt angle on the snout. The eyes are followed by larger, comma-shaped [[Spiracle (vertebrates)|spiracle]]s. The nostrils are crescent-like, and between them is a curtain of skin with a minutely fringed posterior margin. The mouth is bow-shaped, and contains three papillae (nipple-like structures) on the floor. The teeth are closely arranged with a [[quincunx]] pattern; each is small with a transverse ridge on the crown. The five pairs of [[gill slit]]s are short. The [[pelvic fin]]s are almost square, with rounded corners. The tail is shorter than the disc and bears a prominent [[dorsal fin]] about halfway along its length; immediately posterior to the dorsal fin is a serrated stinging spine. The tail ends in a leaf-shaped [[caudal fin]], whose dorsal origin lies behind the ventral origin. The skin is devoid of [[dermal denticle]]s, though there are tiny white bumps on the upper central portion of the disc. This species is dark brown above, with many indistinct darker and lighter spots, and pale below. The sole specimen measures {{convert|33|cm|in|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="martens"/><ref name="last and compagno"/>

==Biology and ecology==

Very little is known of the natural history of the Java stingaree. It is presumably [[aplacental viviparous]] with a small litter size, as in other stingarees.<ref name="iucn status 31 December 2023" />

==Human interactions==

No new Java stingaree specimens have emerged since the first was discovered over 150 years ago, and it ishas fearednow tobeen beclassified as [[extinct]].<ref name="iucn status 31 December 2023" /> There is heavy fishing activity within its range, as well as [[habitat degradation]] from the proximity of major population centers. While it is possible that captured specimens have gone unrecognized, if this species still survivessurvived its population would almost certainly be gravely imperiled,imperilled; leadingthis has led to the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN) to assessassessing it as [[CriticallyExtinct Endangered]]as of 22 March 2019.<ref name="iucn status 31 December 2023" />

==References==

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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3281157}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:stingaree, Java}}

[[Category:Urolophus|javanicus]]

[[Category:Fish of Indonesia]]

[[Category:FishEndemic fauna of the Pacific OceanJava]]

[[Category:FaunaSpecies ofknown Javafrom a single specimen]]

[[Category:Critically endangered fish]]

[[Category:Critically endangered fauna of Asia]]

[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

[[Category:FishTaxa describednamed inby 1864Eduard von Martens]]

[[Category:Fish described in 1864|Java stingaree]]