Computer science and engineering: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|University academic program}}

'''Computer Science and Engineering''' is an engineering disciple,which focus on the subject "COMPUTER",from hardware to software, and is taught across most universities in South Asia. Some of the most prominent ones are the India Institute of Technologies. Most universities offer B.Tech (Computer Science and Engineering) as bachelor degree and M.Tech(Computer Science and Engineering) as post graduate degree.

[[File:Colorful lines of code (Unsplash).jpg|[[Computer programming]], an essential component of CSE|thumb|300px]]

'''Computer Science and Engineering''' ('''CSE''') is an academic subject comprising approaches of [[computer science]] and [[computer engineering]]. There is no clear division in computing between science and engineering, just like in the field of [[materials science and engineering]]. However, some classes are historically more related to computer science (e.g. data structures and algorithms), and other to computer engineering (e.g. computer architecture). CSE is also a term often used in [[Europe]] to translate the name of technical or [[engineering informatics]] academic programs. It is offered in both [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]] as well [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] with specializations.<ref name="mit-6- 3">{{Cite web|title=Computer Science and Engineering (Course 6-3) < MIT|url=http://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/computer-science-engineering-course-6-3/|access-date=2021-10-31|website=catalog.mit.edu}}</ref>

== Academic courses ==

Candidates enrolled for the discipline are required to study basics of all core engineering along with papers from the main subject. Engineering Mathematics is also given prime importance.

Academic programs vary between universities, but typically include a combination of topics in computer science, computer engineering <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering – Ajman University|url=https://www.ajman.ac.ae/en/academics/academic-programs-majors/programs/bachelor-of-science-in-computer-engineering|website=Ajman University|access-date=2025-08-18}}</ref> and [[Electronic engineering|Electronics engineering]]. [[Undergraduate education|Undergraduate]] courses usually include subjects like [[Computer programming|programming]], [[algorithms]] and [[data structures]], [[computer architecture]], [[operating systems]], [[computer networks]], [[embedded systems]], [[algorithmics|Design and analysis of algorithms]], [[Network analysis (electrical circuits)|circuit analysis]] and [[electronics]], [[digital logic]] and design, [[software engineering]], [[database|database systems]] and core subjects of theoretical computer science such as [[theory of computation]], [[numerical methods]], [[machine learning]], [[programming language theory|programming theory]] and [[Programming paradigm|paradigms]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-08|title=GATE CS 2021 (Revised) Syllabus|url=https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gate-cs-2021-revised-syllabus/|access-date=2021-06-20|website=GeeksforGeeks|language=en}}</ref> Modern academic programs also cover emerging computing fields like [[Artificial intelligence]], [[image processing]], [[data science]], [[robotics]], [[bio-inspired computing]], [[Internet of things]], [[autonomic computing]] and [[Computer security|Cyber security]] .<ref>{{cite web|title=Courses in Computer Science and Engineering {{!}} Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering|url=https://www.cs.washington.edu/education/courses/|access-date=2020-08-22|website=www.cs.washington.edu}}</ref> Most CSE programs require introductory [[mathematics|mathematical]] knowledge, hence the first year of study is dominated by mathematical courses, primarily [[discrete mathematics]], [[mathematical analysis]], [[linear algebra]], [[probability]] and [[statistics]], as well as the introduction to [[physics]] and [[electrical and electronic engineering]].<ref name="mit-6- 3" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Computer Science - GATE syllabus|url=http://www.gate.iitg.ac.in/Syllabi/CS_Computer-Science-and-Information-Technology.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712105714/http://www.gate.iitg.ac.in:80/Syllabi/CS_Computer-Science-and-Information-Technology.pdf |archive-date=2017-07-12 }}</ref>

== See also ==

Some of the Main subjects that are taught in Computer Science and Engineering are::

* [[Computer science]]

Engineering Mathematics

* [[Computer engineering]]

Engineering Physics

* [[Computing]]

Engineering Chemistry &Environmental Studies

* [[Electronics and Computer Engineering]]

Engineering Mechanics

* [[Computer graphics (computer science)]]

Engineering Graphics

* [[Bachelor of Technology]]

Basic Civil Engineering

Basic Mechanical Engineering

Basic Electrical Engineering

Basic Electronics Engineering & Information Technology

Problem Solving and Computer Programming

Computer Organization

Switching Theory and Logic Design

Electronics Devices and Circuits

Object Oriented Programming

Data Structures and Algorithms

Signals and Communication Systems

Microprocessor Systems

Theory of Computation

Principles of Management

Database Management Systems

Digital Signal Processing

Operating Systems

Advanced Microprocessors & Peripherals

Design and Analysis of Algorithms

Internet Computing

System Software

Computer Networks

Software Engineering

Distributed Systems

Micro controller Based Systems

User Interface Design

UNIX Shell Programming

Embedded Systems

Advanced Software Environments

Web Technologies

Compiler Construction

Computer Graphics

Object Oriented Modeling & Design

Principles of Programming Languages

Systems Programming

Real Time Systems

Data Mining and Data Warehousing

Operating System Kernel Design

Digital image processing

Data Processing and File Structures

Client Server and Applications

High Performance Computing

Artificial Intelligence

Security in Computing

E-commerce

Grid Computing

Bioinformatics

Optimization Techniques

Mobile Computing

Advanced networking trends

Multimedia Techniques

Neural networks

Advanced Mathematics

Software Architecture

Natural Language Processing

Pattern Recognition

== References ==

Engineering Mathematics

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Computer science education]]

MATRIX Elementary transformation – echelon form – rank using elementary transformation by reducing in to echelon form – solution of linear homogeneous and non – homogeneous equations using elementary transformation. Linear dependence and independence of vectors – eigen values and eigen vectors – properties of eigen values and eigen vectors– Linear transformation – Orthogonal transformation – Diagonalisation – Reduction of quadratic form into sum of squares using orthogonal transformation – Rank, index, signature of quadratic form – nature of quadratic form

[[Category:Computer engineering]]

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION Partial differentiation : chain rules – statement of Eulers theorem for homogeneous functions – Jacobian – Application of Taylors series for function of two variables – maxima and minima of function of two variables

[[Category:Engineering academics]]

MULTIPLE INTEGRALS Double integrals in cartesian and polar co-ordinates – change of order of integration- area using double integrals – change of variables using Jacobian – triple integrals in cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates – volume using triple integrals – change of variables using Jacobian – simple problems.

[[Category:Engineering education]]

ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Linear differential equation with constant coefficients- complimentary function and particular integral – Finding particular integral using method of variation of parameters – Euler Cauchy equations- Legenders equations

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS Laplace Transforms – shifting theorem –differentiation and integration of transform – Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals – inverse transform – application of convolution property – Laplace transform of unit step function – second shifting theorem(proof not expected) – Laplace transform of unit impulse function and periodic function – solution of linear differential equation with constant coefficients using Laplace Transform.

Fourier series

Dirichlet conditions – Fourier series with period 2 π and 2l – Half range sine and cosine series – Harmonic Analysis – r.m.s Value

Fourier Transform

Statement of Fourier integral theorem – Fourier transforms – derivative of transforms- convolution theorem (no proof) – Parsevals identity

Partial differential equations

Formation by eliminating arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions – solution of Lagrange’s equation – Charpits method –solution of Homogeneous partical differential equations with constant coefficients

Probability distribution

Concept of random variable , probability distribution – Bernoulli’s trial – Discrete distribution – Binomial distribution – its mean and variance- fitting of Binominal distribution – Poisson distribution as a limiting case of Binominal distribution – its mean and variance – fitting of Poisson distribution – continuous distribution- Uniform distribution – exponential distribution – its mean and variance – Normal distribution – Standard normal curve- its properties

Testing of hypothesis

Populations and Samples – Hypothesis – level of significance – type I and type II error – Large samples tests – test of significance for single proportion, difference of proportion, single mean, difference of mean – chi –square test for variance- F test for equality of variances for small samples

Finite differences

Finite difference operators ∆,∇ ,E ,μ δ - interpolation using Newtons forward and backward formula –Newton’s divided difference formula - Numerical differentiation using Newtons forward and backward formula – Numerical integration – Trapezoidal rule – Simpsons 1/3rd and 3/8th rule

Z transforms

Definition of Z transforms – transform of polynomial function and trignometric functions – shifting property , convolution property - inverse transformation – solution of 1st and 2nd order difference equations with constant coifficients using Z transforms.

Discrete numeric functions

Discrete numeric functions – Manipulations of numeric functions- generating functions –Recurrence relations – Linear recurrence relations with constant coefficients – Homogeneous solutions – Particular solutions – Total solution – solution by the method of generating functions.

Complex integration

Functions of complex variable – analytic function - Line integral – Cauchy’s integral theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula – Taylor’s series- Laurent’s series – Zeros and singularities – types of singularities – Residues – Residue theorem – evaluation of real integrals in unit circle – contour integral in semi circle when poles lie on imaginary axis.

Queueing Theory

General concepts – Arrival pattern – service pattern – Queue disciplines – The Markovian model M/M/1/ , M/M/1/N – steady state solutions – Little’s formula.

Engineering Physics

LASERS AND HOLOGRAPHY

Lasers- Principle of laser- Absorption- Spontaneous emission- Stimulated emission- Characteristics of laser - Population inversion- Metastable states- Pumping- Pumping Methods- Pumping Schemes- 3 level and 4 level pumping- Optical resonator- Components of laser- Typical laser systems like Ruby laser- He-Ne laser- Semiconductor laser- Applications of laser- Holography- Basic principle -Recording and reconstruction- comparison with ordinary photography- Applications of Hologram

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Introduction to nanoscale science and technology- nanostructures-nanoring, nanorod, nanoparticle, nanoshells- Properties of nanoparticles- optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical properties and Quantum confinement- Classification of nanomaterials- C60, metallic nanocomposites and polymer nanocomposites- Applications of nanotechnology

B. Superconductivity- Introduction- Properties of super conductors- Zero electrical resistance- Critical temperature- Critical current- Critical magnetic field- Meissner effect- Isotope effect- Persistence of current- Flux quantization - Type I and Type II superconductors- BCS Theory (Qualitative study) – Josephson effect- D.C Josephson effect- A.C Joseph son effect- Applications of superconductors.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND MODERN ENGINEERING MATERIALS

A. Crystallography – Space lattice- Basis- Unit cell- Unit cell parameters- Crystal systems- Bravais lattices- Three cubic lattices-sc, bcc, and fcc- Number of atoms per unit cell- Co-ordination number- Atomic radius- Packing factor- Relation between density and crystal lattice constants- Lattice planes and Miller indices- Separation between lattice planes in sc- Bragg’s law- Bragg’s x-ray spectrometer- Crystal structure analysis. Liquid crystals- Liquid crystals, display systems-merits and demerits- Metallic glasses- Types of metallic glasses (Metal-metalloid glasses, Metal-metal glasses) – Properties of metallic glasses (Structural, electrical, magnetic and chemical properties) Shape memory alloys- Shape memory effect, pseudo elasticity.

ULTRASONICS

A. Ultrasonics- Production of ultrasonics- Magnetostriction method – Piezoelectric method- Properties of ultrasonics- Non destructive testing- Applications B. Spectroscopy- Rayleigh scattering (Qualitative) - Raman effect – Quantum theory of Raman effect- Experimental study of Raman effect and Raman spectrum- Applications of Raman effect C. Acoustics- Reverberation- Reverbaration time- Absorption of sound- Sabine’s formula(no derivation)- Factors affecting acoustics properties

FIBRE OPTICS

Principle and propagation of light in optical fibre- Step index (Single Mode and Multi Mode fibre) and

graded index fibre- N.A. and acceptance angle—Characteristics of optical fibres (Pulse dispersion, attenuation, V-number, Bandwidth-distance product) – Applications of optical fibres- Fibre optic communication system (Block diagram)- Optical fibre sensors (any five) – Optical fibre bundle.