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'''Raspberry Pi''' ({{IPAc-en|p|aɪ}} {{respell|PY}}) is a series of small [[single-board computer]]s (SBCs) originally developed in the [[United Kingdom]] by the [[Raspberry Pi Foundation]] in collaboration with [[Broadcom Inc.|Broadcom]]. To commercialize the product and support its growing demand, the Foundation established a commercial entity, now known as [[Raspberry Pi Holdings
The Raspberry Pi was originally created to help teach [[computer science]] in schools, but gained popularity for many other uses due to its low cost, compact size, and flexibility. It is now used in areas such as [[Industrial Automation and Control Systems|industrial automation]], [[robotics]], [[home automation]], [[IoT]] devices, and [[hobbyist]] projects.
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The [[Raspberry Pi Foundation]] was established in 2008 by a group including [[Eben Upton]],<ref name="Cooban 2024" /> in response to a noticeable decline in both the number and skill level of students applying to study computer science [[University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory]]. The foundation's goal was to create a low-cost computer to help rekindle interest in [[computer programming|programming]] among schoolchildren.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cellan-Jones |first=Rory |date=5 May 2011 |title=A£15 computer to inspire young programmers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/rorycellanjones/2011/05/a_15_computer_to_inspire_young.html |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Price |first=Peter |date=3 June 2011 |title=Can a £15 computer solve the programming gap? |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/9504208.stm |access-date=2 July 2011 |work=[[Click (TV programme)|BBC Click]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bush |first=Steve |date=25 May 2011 |title=Dongle computer lets kids discover programming on a TV |url=https://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2011/05/25/51129/Dongle-computer-lets-kids-discover-programming-on-a.htm |access-date=11 July 2011 |work=[[Electronics Weekly]]}}</ref>
This mission was inspired by the aims of the [[BBC Micro]] computer of the early 1980s, which was developed by [[Acorn Computers]] as part of a BBC initiative to promote [[computer literacy]] in UK schools.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2012 |title=Raspberry Pi • View topic – Raspberry Pi as the successor of BBC Micro |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=5118 |access-date=12 June 2013 |publisher=raspberrypi.org |quote=The Foundation trustees tried very hard to get an agreement to use the BBC Micro name, right up to May 2011. /../ Eben touched on the subject a bit during his speech at the Beeb@30 celebration at the beginning of the month}}</ref> The names "Model A" and "Model B" were chosen as a deliberate homage to the BBC Micro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams, Chris |date=28 November 2011 |title=Psst, kid... Wanna learn how to hack? |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/28/raspberry_pi/page3.html |access-date=24 December 2011 |website=The Register}}</ref> The name "Raspberry Pi" combines the fruit-themed naming convention used by early computer companies with a nod to the [[Python (programming language)|Python programming language]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2012 |title=Interview with Raspberry's Founder Eben Upton |url=https://www.techspot.com/article/531-eben-upton-interview/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |website=TechSpot}}</ref>
[[File:Raspberry Pi board at TransferSummit 2011 cropped.jpg|thumb|An early alpha-test board in operation using different layout from later beta and production boards]] The first prototypes resembled small USB sticks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2011 |title=Tiny USB-Sized PC Offers 1080p HDMI Output |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Raspberry-Pi-David-Braben-Ubuntu-9-OLPC-Railroad-Tycoon,12709.html |access-date=1 February 2012}}</ref> By August 2011, fifty functionally complete "alpha" boards were produced for testing,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Humphries |first=Matthew |date=28 July 2011 |title=Raspberry Pi $25 PC goes into alpha production |url=https://www.geek.com/articles/chips/raspberry-pi-25-pc-goes-into-alpha-production-20110728 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102112319/https://www.geek.com/articles/chips/raspberry-pi-25-pc-goes-into-alpha-production-20110728/ |archive-date=2 November 2012 |access-date=1 August 2011 |publisher=Geek.com}}</ref> with demonstrations showing them running a Debian-based desktop and handling 1080p video playback.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2011 |title=Raspberry Pi YouTube Channel |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_mDuJuvZjI&list=UUhmozgJ0cqX8Gx7676ZQ4ig&feature=plcp |access-date=28 August 2011 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2011 |title=Full HD video demo at TransferSummit Oxford |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgR74Kp6Ws4 |access-date=12 September 2011 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> In late 2011, twenty-five "beta" boards were finalized,<ref>{{Cite web |title=What happened to the beta boards? |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=2868 |access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2011 |title=We have PCBs! |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219025045/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/389 |archive-date=19 February 2014 |access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bringing up a beta board |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/431 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122091052/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/431 |archive-date=22 January 2014 |access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref> and to generate publicity before the official launch, ten of these were auctioned on eBay in early 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2011 |title=We're auctioning ten beta Raspberry Pi's; |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/482 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511011000/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/482 |archive-date=11 May 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |publisher=Raspberrypi.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams, Chris |date=3 January 2012 |title=That Brit-built £22 computer: Yours for just £1,900 or more |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/01/03/raspberry_pi_auction/ |access-date=10 January 2012 |work=[[The Register]]}}</ref> The first commercial Raspberry Pi, the Model B, was launched on 29 February 2012, with an initial price of $35.<ref name="Lawler 2012" /> Demand far exceeded expectations, causing the websites of the two initial licensed distributors, [[Premier Farnell]] and [[RS Group plc|RS Components]], to crash from high traffic.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2012 |title="Set your alarms!" – Raspberry Pi looks ready for early Wednesday launch |url=https://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/qset-your-alarmsq-raspberry-pi-looks-ready-for-early-wednesday-launch.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301154403/http://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/qset-your-alarmsq-raspberry-pi-looks-ready-for-early-wednesday-launch.html |archive-date=1 March 2012 |access-date=28 February 2012 |work=Cabume}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul, Ryan |date=29 February 2012 |title=Raspberry Pi retailers toppled by demand as $35 Linux computer launches |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2012/02/raspberry-pi-retailers-toppled-by-demand-as-35-linux-computer-launches.ars |access-date=29 February 2012 |work=[[Ars Technica]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Naughton, John |date=4 March 2012 |title=The Raspberry Pi can help schools get with the programme |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/mar/04/raspberry-pi-schools-computer-science |access-date=12 March 2012 |work=The Observer |___location=London}}</ref> Initial batches sold out almost immediately, with one distributor reporting over 100,000 pre-orders on the first day.<ref name="Lawler 2012" /> The lower-cost $25 Model A followed on 4 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2013 |title=Launch of the Model A announced |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3215 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209164607/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3215 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref>
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The Raspberry Pi Zero, launched in November 2015, radically redefined the entry point for computing at a price of just $5.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2015 |title=Raspberry Pi Zero: the $5 Computer |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-zero/ |access-date=26 November 2015 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref> In February 2016, the Raspberry Pi 3 marked another major milestone by integrating a 64-bit processor, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.<ref name="Upton 2016" /> The product line continued to expand with the wireless-enabled Raspberry Pi Zero W (February 2017),<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2017 |title=New $10 Raspberry Pi Zero comes with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/new-10-raspberry-pi-zero-comes-with-wi-fi-and-bluetooth/ |work=[[Ars Technica]] |first=Jon |last=Brodkin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2017 |title=New product! Raspberry Pi Zero W joins the family |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-zero-w-joins-family/ |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref> the faster Raspberry Pi 3B+ (March 2018),<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2018 |title=Raspberry PI 3B+ on sale now |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-3-model-bplus-sale-now-35// |access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> Raspberry Pi 3A+ (November 2018),<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2018 |title=New product: Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+ on sale now at $25 – Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/new-product-raspberry-pi-3-model-a/ |access-date=15 November 2018 |work=Raspberry Pi}}</ref> and Compute Module 3+ (January 2019).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=James |date=28 January 2019 |title=Compute Module 3+ on sale now from $25 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/compute-module-3-on-sale-now-from-25/ |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=raspberrypi.org}}</ref>
The Raspberry Pi 4, launched in June 2019, represented another major performance leap with a faster processor, up to 8 GB of RAM, dual-monitor support, and USB 3.0 ports.<ref name="Upton 2020" /> A compute module version (CM4) launched in October 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 October 2020 |title=Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 on sale now from $25 – Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-compute-module-4/ |access-date=16 January 2021 |work=Raspberry Pi}}</ref> This era saw further diversification with the Raspberry Pi 400 (a [[Keyboard computer|computer integrated into a keyboard]]) in November 2020,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=The Raspberry Pi |title=Buy a Raspberry Pi 400 Personal Computer Kit |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-400/ |website=Raspberry Pi}}</ref> and the Raspberry Pi Pico in January 2021. The Pico, based on the in-house designed [[RP2040]] chip, marked the company's first entry into the low-cost microcontroller market.<ref name="Adams 2021" />
The [[2020–present global chip shortage|global chip shortage starting in 2020]], as well as an uptake in demand starting in early 2021, notably affected the Raspberry Pi, causing significant availability issues from that time onward.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi: Why they are so hard to buy right now, and what you can do about it |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/raspberry-pi-why-they-are-so-hard-to-buy-right-now-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/ |website=[[ZDNet]] |first=Liam |last=Tung |date=April 5, 2022}}</ref> The company explained its approach to the shortages in 2021,<ref>{{cite web |date=20 October 2021 |title=Supply chain, shortages, and our first-ever price increase |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/supply-chain-shortages-and-our-first-ever-price-increase/ |website=Rapsberry Pi}}</ref> and April 2022,<ref>{{cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=Production and supply-chain update |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/production-and-supply-chain-update/}}</ref> explaining that it was prioritising business and industrial customers.
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| Jan 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Geerling |first=Jeff |date=January 21, 2021 |title=The Raspberry Pi Pico is a new $4 microcontroller |url=https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2021/raspberry-pi-pico-new-4-microcontroller |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=jeffgeerling.com}}</ref><br>W: Jun 2022<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=2022-06-30 |title=Raspberry Pi Pico W: your $6 IoT platform |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-pico-w-your-6-iot-platform/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
| Aug 2024<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Gregory |first=Andrew |date=September 2024 |title=Pico 2 |url=https://magazine.raspberrypi.com/downloads/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6OTU5MiwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--93c3c4090516fb44639a3fb6191f5f94622f7f2f/MagPi145.pdf |magazine=The MagPi |page=41 |issue=145}}</ref>
| Feb 2013{{wbr}}<ref name="A-Announcement"/>
| Feb 2013{{wbr}}<ref name="A-Announcement">{{cite web| url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/model-a-now-for-sale-in-europe-buy-one-today/ |title=Model A now for sale in Europe – buy one today! |date=4 February 2013 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref>▼
| Nov 2014{{wbr}}<ref name="A-Plus-Announcement"/>
| Nov 2014{{wbr}}<ref name="A-Plus-Announcement">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/#raspberry-pi-model-a-plus-on-sale |title=RASPBERRY PI MODEL A+ ON SALE NOW AT $20 |date=10 November 2014 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |access-date=10 November 2014 |archive-date=10 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110233834/https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/#raspberry-pi-model-a-plus-on-sale/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>▼
| Nov 2018
| Apr–Jun 2012
| Jul 2014{{wbr}}<ref name="B-Plus-Announcement"/>
| Jul 2014{{wbr}}<ref name="B-Plus-Announcement">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/introducing-raspberry-pi-model-b-plus/ |title=Introducing Raspberry Pi Model B+ |date=14 July 2014 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |access-date=14 July 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714173900/http://www.raspberrypi.org/introducing-raspberry-pi-model-b-plus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>▼
| Feb 2015{{wbr}}<ref name="2-B-Announcement"/>
| Feb 2015{{wbr}}<ref name="2-B-Announcement">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-2-on-sale/|title=Raspberry Pi 2 on sale now at $35|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|date=2 February 2015|first=Eben|last=Upton|access-date=5 August 2015}}</ref>▼
| Oct 2016{{wbr}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.farnell.com/datasheets/2163186.pdf?_ga=1.9528053.1789915275.1482632652|format=PDF|title=Raspberry Pi2 Model B v1.2|website=Farnell.com|access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref>
| Feb 2016{{wbr}}<ref name="Pi3OnSale">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-3-on-sale/|title=Raspberry Pi 3 on sale now at $35|last=Upton|first=Eben|date=29 February 2016|website=Raspberry Pi|access-date=29 February 2016}}</ref>
| Mar 2018{{wbr}}<ref name="RapsberryPi3B+Release">{{cite news |last=Upton |first=Eben |author-link=Eben Upton |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-3-model-bplus-sale-now-35/ |title=Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ on Sale at $35 |work=Raspberry Pi Blog |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=14 March 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018
| Jun 2019{{wbr}}<ref name="ars4"
| Oct 2023{{wbr}}
| Apr 2014{{wbr}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/04/raspberry-pi-gets-more-arduino-y-with-new-open-source-modular-hardware/|title=Raspberry Pi gets more Arduino-y with new open source modular hardware|work=Ars Technica|access-date=19 Jun 2018}}</ref><ref name="cm3">{{cite web|last1=Brodkin|first1=Jon|title=Raspberry Pi upgrades Compute Module with 10 times the CPU performance|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/01/raspberry-pi-upgrades-compute-module-with-10-times-the-cpu-performance/|access-date=16 January 2017|website=Ars Technica|date=16 January 2017}}</ref>
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| $25<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/price-cut-raspberry-pi-model-b-now-only-25/ |title=Price Cut! Raspberry Pi Model B+ Now Only $25 |date=14 May 2015 |first=Eben |last=Upton}}</ref>
| colspan="4" | $35
| $35{{nbndash}}75{{wbr}}<ref name="ars4"
| $50{{nbndash}}120
| $25{{nbndash}}40{{wbr}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lobo |first=Freia |date=2017-01-17 |title=Raspberry Pi has a fancy new toy for its most demanding fans |url=https://mashable.com/article/raspberry-pi-cm3 |access-date=2025-06-05 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=James |date=2019-01-28 |title=Compute Module 3+ on sale now from $25 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/compute-module-3-on-sale-now-from-25/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
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| 256 or 512 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}<br />Changed to 512 MB on 10 August 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adafruit.com/product/2266|title=Raspberry Pi Modal A+ 512MB RAM|date=10 August 2016|website=Adafruit|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref>
| 512 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| 256 or 512 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}<br />Changed to 512 MB on 15 October 2012<ref
| 512 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| colspan="4" | 1 GiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
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Raspberry Pi also offers official display peripherals for graphical and touchscreen interfaces:
* '''Raspberry Pi Touch Display''' (2015) – A 7-inch capacitive touchscreen.<ref>{{ cite web |last= Hollingworth |first= Gordon |date=8 September 2015 |title=The eagerly awaited Raspberry Pi Display |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/the-eagerly-awaited-raspberry-pi-display/ |website= Raspberry Pi |access-date=
* '''Raspberry Pi Touch Display 2''' (2024) – A revised version of the original 7-inch touchscreen display with improved performance and compatibility.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=4 November 2024 |title=Raspberry Pi Touch Display 2 on sale now at $60 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-touch-display-2-on-sale-now-at-60/ |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* '''Raspberry Pi Monitor''' (2024) – A 15.6-inch Full HD IPS display with built-in speakers and folding stand.<ref>{{ cite news |last= Liszewski |first= Andrew |date=9 December 2024 |title=Raspberry Pi's new keyboard computer can power an optional $100 display |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/9/24316955/raspberry-pi-500-keyboard-computer-monitor |
* '''5 inch Raspberry Pi Touch Display 2''' (2025) – A smaller and cheaper version from 2024 version.<ref>{{ Cite web |last= Hollingworth |first= Gordon |date= 18 August 2025 |title= A new 5″ variant of Raspberry Pi Touch Display 2 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/a-new-5-variant-of-raspberry-pi-touch-display-2/ |website=Raspberry Pi |access-date= 19 August 2025 |language=en-GB }}</ref>
=== Add-on boards (HATs) ===
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== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
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<ref name="Lawler 2012">Richard Lawler, 29 February 2012, [https://www.engadget.com/2012/02/29/raspberry-pi-credit-card-sized-linux-pcs-are-on-sale-now-25-mo/ Raspberry Pi credit-card sized Linux PCs are on sale now, $25 Model A gets a RAM bump], ''Engadget''</ref>
<ref name="Companies House">{{Cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Ltd |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/08207441 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=Companies House}}</ref>
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