Kotlin (programming language): Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox programming language

| name = Kotlin

| logo = Kotlin logo (2021-present).svg

| logo size = 230px

| paradigm = [[Multi-paradigm programming language|Multi-paradigm]]: [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], [[Functional programming|functional]], [[Imperative programming|imperative]], [[Block (programming)|block structured]], [[Declarative programming|declarative]], [[Generic programming|generic]], [[Reflective programming|reflective]], [[Concurrent computing|concurrent]]

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==History==

[[File:Kotlin Mascot 2D no. 1Kodee-mascot-regular.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|AKotlin 2Dmascot picturenamed ofKodee the(regular Kotlin mascotversion)]]

[[File:Kotlin Mascot 3D no. 5Kodee-mascot-petite.pngsvg|thumb|upright=0.5|AKotlin 3Dmascot picturenamed ofKodee the(petite Kotlin mascotversion)]]

=== Name ===

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When Kotlin was announced as an official Android development language at [[Google I/O]] in May 2017, it became the third language fully supported for Android, after Java and C++.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lardinois|first1=Frederic |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/17/google-makes-kotlin-a-first-class-language-for-writing-android-apps/ |title=Google makes Kotlin a first-class language for writing Android apps |website=techcrunch.com |language=en-US |date=17 May 2017 |access-date=28 June 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522065631/https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/17/google-makes-kotlin-a-first-class-language-for-writing-android-apps/ |archive-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> {{As of|2020}}, Kotlin was the most widely used language on Android, with Google estimating that 70% of the top 1,000 apps on the Play Store were written in Kotlin. Google itself had 60 apps written in Kotlin, including Maps and Drive. Many Android apps, such as Google Home, were in the process of being migrated to Kotlin, and therefore use both Kotlin and Java. Kotlin on Android is seen as beneficial for its [[null-pointer safety]], as well as for its features that make for shorter, more readable code.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-were-using-kotlin-programming-language-to-squash-the-bugs-that-cause-most-crashes/|website=ZDNet|title=Kotlin programming language: How Google is using it to squash the code bugs that cause most crashes|access-date=6 December 2020|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406045458/https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-were-using-kotlin-programming-language-to-squash-the-bugs-that-cause-most-crashes/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ktor is Jetbrains Kotlin first framework for building server and client applications.<ref>{{Citation |title=ktorio/ktor |date=2025-06-16 |url=https://github.com/ktorio/ktor |access-date=2025-06-16 |publisher=ktor.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome {{!}} Ktor |url=https://ktor.io/docs/3.1.3/welcome.html |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Ktor Help |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Spring Framework]] officially added Kotlin support with version 5, on 4 January 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://spring.io/blog/2017/01/04/introducing-kotlin-support-in-spring-framework-5-0 |website=Spring |title=Introducing Kotlin support in Spring Framework 5.0 |date=4 January 2017 |publisher=Pivotal |access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823031409/https://spring.io/blog/2017/01/04/introducing-kotlin-support-in-spring-framework-5-0/ |url-status=live}}</ref> To further support Kotlin, Spring has translated all its documentation to Kotlin, and added built-in support for many Kotlin-specific features such as [[coroutines]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The State of Kotlin Support in Spring|url=https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2020/08/the-state-of-kotlin-support-in-spring/|website=JetBrains|date=14 August 2020|access-date=6 December 2020|language=en|archive-date=7 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607090327/https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2020/08/the-state-of-kotlin-support-in-spring/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020, JetBrains found in a survey of developers who use Kotlin that 56% were using Kotlin for mobile apps, while 47% were using it for a web back-end. Just over a third of all Kotlin developers said that they were migrating to Kotlin from another language. Most Kotlin users were targeting Android (or otherwise on the JVM), with only 6% using Kotlin Native.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kotlin Programming - The State of Developer Ecosystem 2020 |url=https://www.jetbrains.com/lp/devecosystem-2020/kotlin/ |website=JetBrains |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405081654/https://www.jetbrains.com/lp/devecosystem-2020/kotlin/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

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* [[Basecamp (software)|Basecamp]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://m.signalvnoise.com/how-we-made-basecamp-3s-android-app-100-kotlin-35e4e1c0ef12 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20180801160548/https://m.signalvnoise.com/how-we-made-basecamp-3s-android-app-100-kotlin-35e4e1c0ef12?gi=e9a4b3c9bf9f |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 August 2018 |title=How we made Basecamp 3's Android app 100% Kotlin – Signal v. Noise |date=29 April 2017 |work=Signal v. Noise |access-date=1 May 2017}}</ref>

* Corda, a distributed ledger developed by a consortium of well-known banks (such as [[Goldman Sachs]], [[Wells Fargo]], [[JPMorgan Chase|J.P. Morgan]], [[Deutsche Bank]], [[UBS]], [[HSBC]], [[BNP Paribas]], and [[Société Générale]]), has over 90% Kotlin code in its codebase.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025|reason=Making a big claim and naming a lot of names here, so where's the source?}}

* [[Coursera]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/coursera-engineering/becoming-bilingual-coursera-d8048dce73e3 |title=Becoming bilingual@coursera |date=26 April 2018 |access-date=24 July 2019 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115223242/https://medium.com/coursera-engineering/becoming-bilingual-coursera-d8048dce73e3 |url-status=live}}</ref>

* DripStat<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.dripstat.com/kotlin-in-production-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-2/ |title=Kotlin in Production – What works, Whats broken |website=Blog.dripstat.com |date=24 September 2016 |access-date=11 April 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701030659/https://blog.dripstat.com/kotlin-in-production-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-2/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>