Brain Imaging Data Structure: Difference between revisions

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| image = [[File:BIDS Logo.png|250px]]
| status = Published
| year_started = 20142015
| version = 1.10.0<ref name="BIDS specification">{{cite web |last1=Oliver-Taylor |first1=Aaron |last2=Li |first2=Adam |last3=Thomas |first3=Adam |title=The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) Specification |url=https://zenodo.org/records/13754678 |publisher=Zenodo |access-date=19 August 2025 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.10175845 |display-authors=et al |date=12 September 2024}}</ref>
| version = 1.4.0
| version_date = June 20202024-09-12
| base_standards =
| related_standards = [[JSON]], [[Tab-separated_values|TSV]], [[Neuroimaging_Informatics_Technology_Initiative|NIfTI]]
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}}
 
The '''Brain Imaging Data Structure''' ('''BIDS''') is a standard for organizing, annotating, and describing data collected during [[neuroimaging]] experiments. It is based on a formalized file/folder and directory structure and metadata files (based on [[JSON]] basedand metadata files[[Tab-separated_values|TSV]]) with [[controlled vocabulary]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gorgolewski |first1=Krzysztof J. |last2=Auer |first2=Tibor |last3=Calhoun | first3=Vince D. |last4=Craddock| first4=R. Cameron |last5=Das |first5=Samir |last6=Duff |first6=Eugene P. |last7=Flandin |first7=Guillaume |last8=Ghosh |first8=Satrajit S. |last9=Glatard |first9=Tristan |last10=Halchenko |first10=Yaroslav O. | last11=Handwerker |first11=Daniel A. | last12=Hanke |first12=Michael |last13=Keator |first13=David |last14=Li |first14=Xiangrui |last15=Michael |first15=Zachary |last16=Maumet |first16=Camille |last17=Nichols |first17=B. Nolan |last18=Nichols |first18=Thomas E. |last19=Pellman |first19=John |last20=Poline |first20=Jean-Baptiste |last21=Rokem |first21=Ariel |last22=Schaefer |first22=Gunnar |last23=Sochat |first23=Vanessa |last24=Triplett |first24=William |last25=Turner |first25=Jessica A. |last26=Varoquaux |first26=Gaël |last27=Poldrack |first27=Russell A. |journal=[[Scientific Data (journal)|Scientific Data]] |volume=3|pages=160044|doi=10.1038/sdata.2016.44 |title=The brain imaging data structure, a format for organizing and describing outputs of neuroimaging experiments|display-authors=et al |pmid=27326542 |pmc=4978148|year=2016|bibcode=2016NatSD...360044G }}</ref>
This standard has been adopted by a multitude of labs around the world as well as databases such as [[OpenNeuro]], SchizConnect, Developing Human Connectome Project, and FCP-INDI, and is seeing uptake in an increasing number of studies.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Poldrack |first1=Russell A. |last2=Congdon | first2=Eliza |last3=Triplett |first3=William |last4=Gorgolewski |first4=Krzysztof J. |last5=Karlsgodt |first5=Katherine H. |last6=Mumford |first6=Jeanette A. |last7=Sabb |first7=Fred W. |last8=Freimer |first8=Nelson B. |last9=London |first9=Edythe D. |last10=Cannon |first10=Tyrone D. |last11=Bilder |first11=Robert M. |journal=[[Scientific Data (journal)|Scientific Data]] |volume=3|pages=160110|doi=10.1038/sdata.2016.110 |title=A phenome-wide examination of neural and cognitive function|year=2016|pmid=27922632 |pmc=5139672 |bibcode=2016NatSD...360110P |s2cid=33368149 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Frontiers in Neuroinformatics]] |volume=7|pages=10|doi=10.3389/fninf.2016.00007 |title=Preparing Laboratory and Real-World EEG Data for Large-Scale Analysis: A Containerized Approach|last1=Bigdely-Shamlo |first1=Nima |last2=Makeig |first2=Scott |last3=Robbins |first3=Kay A. |year=2016|pmid=27014048|pmc=4782059|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Nature Neuroscience]] |volume=20|pages=299–303|doi=10.1038/nn.4500 |title=Best practices in data analysis and sharing in neuroimaging using MRI.|last1=Nichols |first1=Thomas E. |last2=Das |first2=Samir |last3=Eickhoff |first3=Simon B |last4=Evans |first4=Alan C. |last5=Glatard |first5=Tristan |last6=Hanke |first6=Michael |last7=Kriegeskorte |first7=Nikolaus |last8=Milham |first8=Michael P. |last9=Poldrack |first9=Russell A. |last10=Poline |first10=Jean-Baptiste |last11=Proal |first11=Erika |last12=Thirion |first12=Bertrand |last13=Van Essen |first13=David C |last14=White |first14=Tonya |last15=Yeo |first15=B. T. Thomas |year=2017|issue=3|pmid=28230846|pmc=5685169}}</ref>
 
While originally specified for [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] data, BIDS has been extended to several other imaging modalities such as [[Magnetoencephalography|MEG]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Niso |first1=Guiomar |last2=Gorgolewski |first2=Krzysztof J. |last3=Bock |first3=Elizabeth |last4=Brooks |first4=Teon L. |last5=Flandin |first5=Guillaume |last6=Gramfort |first6=Alexandre |last7=Henson |first7=Richard N. |last8=Jas |first8=Mainak |last9=Litvak |first9=Vladimir |last10=T. Moreau |first10=Jeremy |last11=Oostenveld |first11=Robert |last12=Schoffelen |first12=Jan-Mathijs |last13=Tadel |first13=Francois |last14=Wexler |first14=Joseph |last15=Baillet |first15=Sylvain |title=MEG-BIDS, the brain imaging data structure extended to magnetoencephalography |journal=[[Scientific Data (journal)|Scientific Data]] |date=19 June 2018 |volume=5 |pages=180110 |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.110|pmid=29917016 |pmc=6007085 |bibcode=2018NatSD...580110N }}</ref> [[Electroencephalography|EEG]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pernet|first1=Cyril R.|last2=Appelhoff|first2=Stefan|last3=Gorgolewski|first3=Krzysztof J.|last4=Flandin|first4=Guillaume|last5=Phillips|first5=Christophe|last6=Delorme|first6=Arnaud|last7=Oostenveld|first7=Robert|date=December 2019|title=EEG-BIDS, an extension to the brain imaging data structure for electroencephalography|journal=[[Scientific Data (journal)|Scientific Data]] |volume=6|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41597-019-0104-8|pmid=31239435|issn=2052-4463|pmc=6592877|page=103|bibcode=2019NatSD...6..103P}}</ref> and [[Electrocorticography|intracranial EEG]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Holdgraf|first1=Christopher|last2=Appelhoff|first2=Stefan|last3=Bickel|first3=Stephan|last4=Bouchard|first4=Kristofer|last5=D’Ambrosio|first5=Sasha|last6=David|first6=Olivier|last7=Devinsky|first7=Orrin|last8=Dichter|first8=Benjamin|last9=Flinker|first9=Adeen|last10=Foster|first10= Brett L.|last11= Gorgolewski|first11=Krzysztof J.|last12=Groen|first12=Iris|last13=Groppe|first13=David|last14=Gunduz|first14=Aysegul|last15=Hamilton|first15=Liberty|last16=Honey|first16=Christopher J.|last17=Jas|first17=Mainak|last18=Knight|first18=Robert|last19=Lachaux|first19=Jean-Philippe|last20=Lau|first20=Jonathan C.|last21=Lee-Messer|first21=Christopher| last22=Lundstrom|first22=Brian N.|last23=Miller|first23=Kai J.|last24=Ojemann|first24=Jeffrey G.|last25=Oostenveld|first25=Robert|last26=Petridou|first26=Natalia|last27=Piantoni|first27=Gio|last28=Pigorini|first28=Andrea|last29=Pouratian|first29=Nader|last30=Ramsey|first30=Nick F.|last31=Stolk|first31=Arjen|last32=Swann|first32=Nicole C.|last33=Tadel|first33= François|last34=Voytek|first34=Bradley|last35=Wandell|first35=Brian A.|last36=Winawer|first36=Jonathan|last37=Whitaker|first37=Kirstie|last38=Zehl|first38=Lyuba|last39=Hermes|first39=Dora|date=December 2019|title=iEEG-BIDS, extending the Brain Imaging Data Structure specification to human intracranial electrophysiology|journal=[[Scientific Data (journal)|Scientific Data]] |volume=6|issue=1|page=102|doi=10.1038/s41597-019-0105-7|pmid=31239438|pmc=6592874|bibcode=2019NatSD...6..102H|issn=2052-4463|doi-access=free}}</ref> (see also [[#BIDS Extension Proposals|BIDS Extension Proposals]]).
 
== History ==
The project is a community-driven effort. BIDS, originally OBIDS (Open Brain Imaging Data Structure), was initiated during an [[INCF]] sponsored data sharing working group meeting (January 2015) at [[Stanford University]]. It was subsequently spearheaded and maintained by [[Chris Gorgolewski]]. TheSince October 2019, the project is now headed by a [https://bids.neuroimaging.io/governance.html#bids-steering-group Steering Group ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bids.neuroimaging.io/2019/12/31/meet-the-bids-steering-group.html|title = Meet the BIDS Steering Group|date = 31 December 2019}}</ref> and maintained by [[Franklina Feingold]]separate team of maintainers, the [[Stefanhttps://bids.neuroimaging.io/governance.html#bids-maintainers-group Appelhoff]Maintainers Group], according to a [[Chrishttps://bids.neuroimaging.io/governance.html Markiewicz]governance document] andthat was approved of by the [[RussellBIDS Poldrack|Poldrack]]community Labin ata Stanfordvote. BIDS has advanced under the direction and effort of contributors, the community of researchers that appreciate the value of standardizing neuroimaging data to facilitate sharing and analysis.
 
== BIDS Extension Proposals ==
BIDS can be extended in a backwards compatible way and is evolving over time. This is accomplished through BIDS Extension Proposals (BEPs), which are community-driven processes following [https://bids.neuroimaging.io/bep_guide.html agreed-upon guidelines]. A full list of finalized BEPs and BEPs in progress can be found on the [https://bids.neuroimaging.io/get_involved.html#extending-the-bids-specification BIDS website]
 
== References ==
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== External links ==
 
* [httphttps://bids.neuroimaging.io bids.neuroimaging.ioOfficial BIDS website]
* [https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-specification.readthedocs.io HTML version of the BIDS github.com/bids-standard/bids-specification]
* [https://github.com/bids-standard/bids-specification Source of the BIDS specification on GitHub]
 
[[Category:Data management]]