Content deleted Content added
Surabhi9191 (talk | contribs) →References: updated |
Surabhi9191 (talk | contribs) clean up |
||
| (30 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Command and control}}
{{Draft topics|south-asia|military-and-warfare}}
{{AfC topic|stem}}
{{AfC submission|||ts=20250806111005|u=Surabhi9191|ns=118}}
{{AfC submission|t||ts=20250708101607|u=Surabhi9191|ns=118|demo=}}
<!-- Important, do not remove anything above this line before article has been created. -->
{{Infobox weapon
The '''Artillery Combat Command and Control System''' ('''ACCCS''')''',''' under '''Project SHAKTI''' ({{Lit|Power}}) is an indigenous, integrated, [[digitized]], networked system developed by the [[Indian Army]]'s Directorate General of Information Systems (Project Management Organization), in partnership with [[Bharat Electronics]], [[Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics|Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics]], and [[Armament Research and Development Establishment]].▼
| name = Artillery Combat Command and Control System
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| type = [[Command and control]]
| origin = [[India]]
<!-- Service history -->
| service = 2009–present
| used_by = [[Indian Army]]
| wars =
<!-- Production history -->
| designer =
*Directorate General of Information Systems, Indian Army (Project Management Organization)
*Bharat Electronics
*[[Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics]]
*[[Armament Research and Development Establishment]]
| design_date =
| manufacturer = [[Bharat Electronics]]
| developed_from =
| developed_into =
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| number =
| variants =
}}
▲The '''Artillery Combat Command and Control System''' ('''ACCCS''')''',''' under '''Project SHAKTI''' ({{Lit|Power}}) is an indigenous, integrated, [[digitized]], networked
It is Indian Army's first Combat Command, Control, and Information (C3I) system. The ACCCS automates and supports decision-making for all operational facets, from the [[corps]] to the level of [[artillery battery]]. It is the central ___location for the [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]]'s fire power component, which is designed to seamlessly integrate with the C3I grid. The [[List of serving generals of the Indian Army#Heads of Combat and Combat Support Arms|Director General of Artillery]] [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] KR Rao, and [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] [[General (India)|General]] [[Deepak Kapoor]] received the ACCCS on 12 June 2009.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=12 June 2009 |title=SHAKTI dedication to Indian Army |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=49161 |access-date=8 July 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Artillery Combat Command Control System (ACCCS) |url=https://bel-india.in/product/artillery-combat-command-control-system-acccs/ |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=Bharat Electronics Limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-20 |title=Modernization of India's Artillery Regiment |url=https://www.lifeofsoldiers.com/2019/06/20/%ef%bb%bfmodernisation-of-indias-artillery-regiment/ |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=Life of Soldiers |language=en-US}}</ref>▼
▲
The Command Information Decision Support System of the Indian Army, which is a component of the larger Tactical Command, Control, Communications, and Information (TAC-C3I) System, is connected to ACCCS.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Katoch (Retd) |first=Lt. General P.C. |date=14 February 2025 |title=SANJAY Battlefield Surveillance System |url=https://www.spslandforces.com/experts-speak/?id=1238&h=SANJAY-Battlefield-Surveillance-System |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=spslandforces.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-03 |title=TAC C3I - A shot in the arm for Indian Army |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/army/20051003.htm |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> It is further evolving into '''Artillery Combat Command Control and Communication System''' ('''ACCCCS'''), which makes use of [[artificial intelligence]], [[machine learning]], and [[Survey of India]]'s Defence Series Maps.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Amrita Nayak |date=2023-05-06 |title=Army working on multiple automation projects to aid decision making, effective logistics management |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/army-working-on-multiple-automation-projects-8594159/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Rahul |date=2023-05-06 |title=Army harnesses tech for battlefield supremacy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-army-s-project-avagat-to-bring-multi-___domain-spatial-awareness-for-improved-battlefield-transparency-and-faster-decision-making-101683312630043.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240624004611/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-army-s-project-avagat-to-bring-multi-___domain-spatial-awareness-for-improved-battlefield-transparency-and-faster-decision-making-101683312630043.html |archive-date=2024-06-24 |access-date=2025-07-09 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en-us}}</ref> TAC-C3I is an important element of Indian Army's [[Command_and_control#Derivative_terms|Command,Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Interoperability, Surveillance and Reconnaissance]] (C4I2SR) infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Katoch (Retd) |first=Lt General P.C. |title=Build Capacity, Strengthen Interoperability |url=https://www.spslandforces.com/story/?id=189 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=spslandforces.com |language=en}}</ref>▼
▲
== System ==
ACCCS performs tactical fire control, fire planning, deployment management to achieve maximum fire densities at important regions, operational logistics management, and technical control based on time and position accuracy. It can deliver hits at key locations with concentrated firepower and concentrate artillery firepower at the tactical scale.<ref name=":0" /> It is one of the most
It was [[Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics|CAIR]]
== Upgrades ==
The Indian Army is
It was formally introduced by [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defense Minister
▲On 20 January 2013, the Indian Army received a new artillery combat and control system dubbed Shakti from BEL to meet the [[network-centric warfare]] requirement. It will be the primary subsystem of TAC-C3I. The improved tactical computer, handheld computer, and gun display unit that make up Shakti are all connected via [[fiber-optic cable]], [[Landline|landlines]], or tactical radio networks. Shakti integrates and automates artillery operating tasks using software that integrates with the [[Global Navigation Satellite System]] and [[Geographic information system|Geographic Information System]]. Shakti's primary responsibilities include calculating trajectories, handling fire requests, managing ammunition, recommending gun deployment locations and observation posts for both offensive and defensive operations, providing ammunition and logistical support on time, and creating task tables, fire plans, and automatic gun program generation. BEL collaborated with the [[DRDO]] to develop the system software. Numerous user assessments, integration testing, verification and validation trials, and a comprehensive field evaluation trial have all been conducted on it.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=20 January 2013 |title=BEL delivers new artillery combat system to Army |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bel-delivers-new-artillery-combat-system-to-army-109061300065_1.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230113172804/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bel-delivers-new-artillery-combat-system-to-army-109061300065_1.html |archive-date=2023-01-13 |access-date=2025-07-08 |work=[[Business Standard]] |language=en}}</ref>
'''Situational Reporting Over Enterprise-Class GIS platform (e-Sitrep)'''
▲A project sanction order has been issued as of 2022 for the development of high frequency [[software-defined radio]] (HFSDR) under Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020 (Make II category). The Indian Army plans to acquire 300 HFSDRs. It will enable long-distance radio communication and [[GIS]]-based [[blue force tracking]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 November 2022 |title=Indian Army Approves Five make II Projects Providing Impetus to “Atma Nirbhaarta” |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1873674 |access-date=9 July 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref> As part of the Year of Transformation 2023, the Indian Army is updating the ACCCS with new [[Situation awareness|situational awareness]] modules and extremely realistic Defense Series Maps.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-12 |title=Indian Army gears up to overhaul its network-centric battlefield, military logistics projects |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-indian-army-gears-up-to-overhaul-its-network-centric-battlefield-military-logistics-projects-3085063/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>
▲=== Project Sanjay ===
▲In order to complete the sensor-shooter grid by connecting it to the ACCCS, the Indian Army began working with [[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] in partnership with [[Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics|CAIR]] to design Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS). It facilitated the integration of numerous sensors and establish 60 surveillance centers for the field formations. Sensor data and information are integrated into an all-encompassing system that facilitates prompt decision-making. Extensive validation of BSS was conducted across plains, deserts, and mountains between August and October of 2022. It satisfied Indian Army's expectations with over 95% success rate. The Army field formations along the northern and western borders would receive their deliveries by December 2025, with BEL having been granted the contract. The original development cost was estimated to be {{INRConvert|2700|c|lk=on}} which was later revised to {{INRConvert|2402|c|lk=on}}. It was developed under the Buy (Indian) category.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Army working on creating battlefield surveillance system for composite operational picture |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/army-working-on-creating-battlefield-surveillance-system-for-composite-operational-picture-1216347.html |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-05-09 |title=Project Sanjay: ‘BEL meets Army’s aspirations in entirety’ |url=https://www.defencewatch.in/defence-news/project-sanjay-bel-meets-armys-aspirations-in-entirety |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Defence Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2023-05-05 |title=Army commanders to soon get real-time, comprehensive operational picture through automation initiatives |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-commanders-to-soon-get-real-time-comprehensive-operational-picture-through-automation-initiatives/article66817471.ece |access-date=2025-07-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
▲[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] [[Rajnath Singh]] officially launched it on 24 January 2025. In order to ensure accuracy, avoid redundancy, and create an integrated picture for tactical battle, this automated system aggregates and processes inputs from satellites, helicopters, [[UAVs]], air defense radars, [[Battlefield surveillance radar|battlefield surveillance radars]], [[Counter-battery radar|counter-battery radars]], long-range reconnaissance and observation systems, [[Thermal imager|thermal imagers]], [[Reconnaissance vehicle|reconnaissance vehicles]], and [[patrolling]]. It also looks at depth areas that are 200 kilometers beyond the boundaries. From March to October 2025, it will be incorporated into [[Brigade|brigades]], [[Division (military)|divisions]], and [[corps]]. The system includes a communication control unit, a generator, a monitoring center, and multiple monitoring communication terminals. It is highly mobile. It shows the military's strategic locations. BSS uses [[AI]] [[analytics]] to locate and evaluate the target and sends audio, video, content, and photos over [[Fiber-optic communication|fiber-optics]] as well as fast and secure [[VHF]], [[High frequency|HF]], and [[UHF]] hybrid networks.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 January 2025 |title=Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh flags-off ‘SANJAY - The Battlefield Surveillance System’ from New Delhi |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2095712 |access-date=9 July 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Vijay |date=24 January 2025 |title=Army’s new Battlefield Surveillance System to boost decision-making capability by integrating information from all sources |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/armys-new-battlefield-surveillance-system-to-boost-decision-making-capability-by-integrating-information-from-all-sources/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
▲The e-Sitrep is tailored to the Army's operational requirements, featuring [[geovisualization]], temporal and dynamic querying, and analytics based on authorization levels. It was deployed in June 2023.<ref name=":4" />
▲=== Project Avgat (Army’s Own Gati Shakti) ===
▲On a single GIS platform, it integrates inputs from the operational ___domain, logistics, satellite imaging, topography, and meteorology to introduce multi-___domain spatial awareness. Project Avgat will be operationalized gradually. During the first phase, it will combine operational ___domain inputs, specific logistical inputs, satellite imaging data, topographic inputs, and meteorological inputs on a shared platform. By late 2023, the system should be completely functional.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-06 |title=Battlefield surveillance system to situational awareness module, Army working on number of key projects to transform itself: Sources |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-battlefield-surveillance-system-to-situational-awareness-module-army-working-on-number-of-key-projects-to-transform-itself-sources-3076211/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>
▲SAMA is a comprehensive combat information decision support, re-designed as Army Information and Decision Support System, which is being developed in collaboration with the [[Bhaskaracharya Institute For Space Applications and Geo-Informatics]] and the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]], to provide commanders a comprehensive picture of the battlefield by combining inputs from all operational and managerial information systems such as ACCCS, BSS, e-Sitrep, and MISO. It was put into use in May 2023 for corps-level field validation. The Army's [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] was the first to operationalize SAMA in June 2023.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-07 |title=Indian Army and MeitY unite forces for technological defence overhaul |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-and-meity-unite-forces-for-technological-defence-overhaul/articleshow/105801908.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-07-08 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
▲=== Project Anumaan ===
▲The Indian Army signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] on 24 November 2022, to assist [[National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting]] in gathering observations along the northern borders and will obtain higher-resolution weather predictions along the Chinese frontiers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Indian Army troops deployed near China border to get their own weather app |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence/indian-army-troops-deployed-near-china-border-to-get-their-own-weather-app/3086605/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> An application was under development for artillery operations.<ref name=":1" /> For deployments along the high altitudes areas, it will provide precise weather forecasts.<ref name=":3" /> It will help in surveillance and intelligence gathering. The Indian Army is planning to release the Anuman app on 19 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mayank |date=2023-05-14 |title=Indian Army gets ‘Anuman’ for accurate artillery firing |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2023/May/13/indian-army-gets-anuman-for-accurate-artillery-firing-2574854.html |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Army Battle Command System]] - U.S. equivalent
== References ==
| |||