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Line 1: {{Short description\|File system used ~~for~~by MS-DOS~~, Windows9X~~ and ~~other~~Windows ~~PCs~~9x}} {{further\|Design of the FAT file system}} Line 42: \| date_resolution = {{ubli \| 2 seconds for last modified time, \| 102 msseconds for creation time, \| 1 day for access date, \| 2 seconds for deletion time Line 69: }} '''File Allocation Table''' ('''FAT''') is a [[file system]] developed for personal computers and was the default ~~filesystem~~file system for the [[MS-DOS]] and [[Windows 9x]] operating systems.<ref>{{cnCite web \|title=File Allocation Table (FAT): What It Is, Types, Versions, Advantages & Disadvantages \|url=https://www.includehelp.com/operating-systems/file-allocation-table-fat.aspx \|access-date=~~September~~2025-06-01 ~~2024~~\|website=www.includehelp.com}}</ref> Originally developed in 1977 for use on [[floppy disk]]s, it was adapted for use on [[Hard disk drive\|hard disks]] and other devices. The increase in disk drive capacity over time drove modifications to the design that resulted in versions: [[#FAT12\|FAT12]], [[#FAT16\|FAT16]], [[#FAT32\|FAT32]], and [[exFAT]]. FAT was replaced with [[NTFS]] as the default file system on Microsoft operating systems starting with [[Windows XP]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=~~http~~https://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/comparing-ntfs-and-fat-file-systems \|title=Comparing NTFS and FAT file systems \|publisher=Microsoft \|access-date=2014-01-27 \|archive-date=2016-06-20 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620004455/http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Comparing-NTFS-and-FAT-file-systems \|url-status=live }}</ref> Nevertheless, FAT continues to be commonly used on relatively small capacity [[solid-state storage]] technologies such as [[SD card]], [[MultiMediaCard]] (MMC) and [[eMMC]] because of its compatibility and ease of implementation.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A brief introduction to FAT (File Allocation Table) formats \|url=http://www.wizcode.com/articles/comments/a-brief-introduction-to-fat-file-allocation-table/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925082826/http://www.wizcode.com/articles/comments/a-brief-introduction-to-fat-file-allocation-table/ \|archive-date=September 25, 2015 \|access-date=2015-09-24 \|website=www.wizcode.com \|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Uses == Line 80: === Modern === FAT is used internally for the [[EFI system partition]] in the boot stage of [[Extensible Firmware Interface\|EFI]]-compliant computers.<ref name="efi" /> ~~Hidden FAT filesystems are also used in the [[Unified Extensible Firmware Interface\|UEFI]] boot partition on modern PCs.~~ FAT is still used in drives expected to be used by multiple operating systems, such as in shared Windows, and [[Linux]] ~~and DOS~~ environments. Microsoft Windows additionally comes with a pre-installed tool to convert a FAT file system into NTFS directly without the need to rewrite all files, though this cannot be reversed easily.<ref>{{cite web \|date=11 July 2021 \|title=How to Convert a Drive from FAT32 to NTFS without Data Loss \|url=https://windowsloop.com/how-to-convert-a-drive-from-fat32-to-ntfs-without-data-loss/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808233345/https://windowsloop.com/how-to-convert-a-drive-from-fat32-to-ntfs-without-data-loss/ \|archive-date=2021-08-08 \|access-date=8 August 2021 \|website=WindowsLoop \|language=en-us}}</ref> The FAT file system is used in removable media such as [[floppy disk]]s, [[superfloppy\|super-floppies]], [[memory card\|memory]] and [[flash memory]] cards or [[USB flash drives]]. FAT is supported by portable devices such as [[Personal digital assistant\|PDA]]s, [[digital camera]]s, [[camcorder]]s, [[Portable media player\|media player]]s, and mobile phones.{{cn\|date=September 2024}} The [[Design rule for Camera File system\|DCF]] file system adopted by almost all [[digital camera]]s since 1998 defines a logical file system with [[8.3 filename]]s and makes the use of either FAT12, FAT16, FAT32 or exFAT mandatory for its physical layer for compatibility.<ref name="DC-009-2010" /> Line 358: Much later, [[Windows NT]] increased the maximum cluster size to 64 KB, by considering the sectors-per-cluster count as unsigned. However, the resulting format was not compatible with any other FAT implementation of the time, and it generated greater [[internal fragmentation]]. [[Windows 98]], SE and ME also supported reading and writing this variant, but its disk utilities did not work with it and some [[File control block\|FCB]] services are not available for such volumes. This contributes to a confusing compatibility situation. Prior to 1995, versions of DOS accessed the disk via [[Cylinder-head-sector\|CHS]] addressing only. When [[Windows 95]] (MS-DOS 7.0) introduced [[Logical block addressing\|LBA]] disk access, partitions could start being physically located outside the first c. 8 GB<!-- exact value is somewhat smaller --> of this disk and thereby out of the reach of the traditional CHS addressing scheme. Partitions partially or fully located beyond the CHS barrier therefore had to be hidden from non-LBA-enabled operating systems by using the new partition type <code>[[Partition type#PID_0Eh\|0x0E]]</code> in the partition table instead. FAT16 partitions using this partition type are also named '''FAT16X'''.<ref name="Microsoft_2004_KB120138" /> The only difference, compared to previous FAT16 partitions, is the fact that some CHS-related geometry entries in the BPB record, namely the number of sectors per track and the number of heads, may contain no or misleading values and should not be used. The number of root directory entries available for FAT12 and FAT16 is determined when the volume is formatted, and is stored in a 16-bit field. For a given number <code>RDE</code> and sector size <code>SS</code>, the number <code>RDS</code> of root directory sectors is <code>RDS = ceil((RDE × 32) / SS)</code>, and <code>RDE</code> is normally chosen to fill these sectors, i.e., <code>RDE × 32 = RDS × SS</code>. FAT12 and FAT16 media typically use 512 root directory entries on non-floppy media. Some third-party tools, like mkdosfs, allow the user to set this parameter.<ref name="MKDOSFS" /> Line 474: In order to support [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] applications, the [[FlexOS]]-based [[IBM 4690 OS]] version 2 introduced its own [[virtual file system]] (VFS) architecture to store long filenames in the FAT file system in a backwards-compatible fashion. If enabled, the virtual filenames (VFN) are available under separate logical drive letters, whereas the real filenames (RFN) remain available under the original drive letters.<ref name="IBM_4690_Programming_Guide" /> === ~~<span id="ADS"></span>~~Forks and alternate data streams === {{Unreferenced section\|date=August 2025}} The FAT file system itself is not designed for supporting [[fork (file system)\|alternate data streams]] (ADS), but some operating systems that heavily depend on them have devised various methods for handling them on FAT volumes. Such methods either store the additional information in extra files and directories ([[classic Mac OS]] and [[macOS]]), or give new semantics to previously unused fields of the FAT on-disk data structures ([[OS/2]] and [[Windows NT]]). Line 536: === Challenges and lawsuits === The [[Public Patent Foundation]] (PUBPAT) submitted evidence to the [[USPTO\|US Patent and Trademark Office]] (USPTO) in 2004 disputing the validity of U.S. patent 5,579,517,<ref name=patent5579517 /> including prior art references from [[Xerox]] and IBM.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.pubpat.org/assets/files/MicrosoftFAT/Reynolds_517_Reexam_Request.pdf \|title=PUBPAT's Request for Reexamination of Microsoft's FAT Patent \|last=Ravicher \|first=Daniel B. \|publisher=[[Public Patent Foundation]] \|date=April 15, 2004 \|access-date=2014-01-12 \|archive-date=2013-06-07 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607091551/http://www.pubpat.org/assets/files/MicrosoftFAT/Reynolds_517_Reexam_Request.pdf \|url-status=live }}</ref> The USPTO opened an investigation and concluded by rejecting all claims in the patent.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.pubpat.org/assets/files/MicrosoftFAT/Reynolds_517_Rejected_040916.PDF \|title=Patent Office's Office Action Rejecting Microsoft FAT Patent \|author=USPTO \|publisher=[[Public Patent Foundation]] \|date=September 30, 2004 \|access-date=2014-01-12 \|author-link=USPTO \|archive-date=2013-05-26 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526003038/http://www.pubpat.org/assets/files/MicrosoftFAT/Reynolds_517_Rejected_040916.PDF \|url-status=live }}</ref> The next year, the USPTO further announced that following the re-examination process, it affirmed the rejection of '517 and additionally found U.S. patent 5,758,352<ref name=patent5758352 /> invalid on the grounds that the patent had incorrect assignees. However, in 2006, the USPTO ruled that features of Microsoft's implementation of the FAT system were "novel and non-obvious", reversing both earlier decisions and leaving the patents valid.<ref name="CNET_2006-01-10" /> Line 573: <ref name="ISO_9293_1994">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=21273 \|title=Information technology – Volume and file structure of disk cartridges for information interchange \|work=ISO/IEC 9293:1994 \|publisher=[[International Organization for Standardization\|ISO]] catalogue \|year=1994 \|access-date=2012-01-06 \|archive-date=2012-01-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117180640/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=21273 \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="ISO_9293_1987">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=16948 \|title=Information processing – Volume and file structure of flexible disk cartridges for information interchange \|work=ISO 9293:1987 \|publisher=[[International Organization for Standardization\|ISO]] catalogue \|year=1987 \|access-date=2012-01-06 \|archive-date=2012-01-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117181849/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=16948 \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Patent_5758352">{{cite web \|url=~~http~~https://~~www~~patents.google.com/~~patents?id=bUohAAAAEBAJ~~patent/US5758352A/en \|date=May 26, 1998 \|title=Common name space for long and short filenames \|author-link1=Aaron R. Reynolds \|first1=Aaron R. \|last1=Reynolds \|first2=Dennis R. \|last2=Adler \|first3=Ralph A. \|last3=Lipe \|first4=Ray D. \|last4=Pedrizetti \|first5=Jeffrey T. \|last5=Parsons \|first6=Rasipuram V. \|last6=Arun \|work=US Patent 5758352 \|access-date=~~2012~~2025-0106-~~19}}{{dead link\|date=June 2024\|bot=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic~~25}}</ref> <ref name="Duncan_1988_MS-DOS_Encyclopedia">{{cite book \|title=The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2 \|author-first1=Ray \|author-last1=Duncan \|author-first2=Steve \|author-last2=Bostwick \|author-first3=Keith \|author-last3=Burgoyne<!-- \|author-first4=Robert A. \|author-last4=Byers \|author-first5=Thom \|author-last5=Hogan \|author-first6=Jim \|author-last6=Kyle \|author-first7=Gordon \|author-last7=Letwin \|author-link7=Gordon Letwin \|author-first8=Charles \|author-last8=Petzold \|author-link8=Charles Petzold \|author-first9=Chip \|author-last9=Rabinowitz \|author-first10=Jim \|author-last10=Tomlin \|author-first11=Richard \|author-last11=Wilton \|author-first12=Van \|author-last12=Wolverton \|author-first13=William \|author-last13=Wong \|author-first14=JoAnne \|author-last14=Woodcock \|contribution=Technical advisors \|contributor-first1=Mark \|contributor-last1=Zbikowski \|contributor-link1=Mark Zbikowski \|contributor-first2=Paul \|contributor-last2=Allen \|contributor-link2=Paul Allen \|contributor-first3=Steve \|contributor-last3=Ballmer \|contributor-link3=Steve Ballmer \|contributor-first4=Reuben \|contributor-last4=Borman \|contributor-first5=Rob \|contributor-last5=Borman \|contributor-first6=John \|contributor-last6=Butler \|contributor-first7=Chuck \|contributor-last7=Carroll \|contributor-first8=Mark \|contributor-last8=Chamberlain \|contributor-first9=David \|contributor-last9=Chell \|contributor-first10=Mike \|contributor-last10=Colee \|contributor-first11=Mike \|contributor-last11=Courtney \|contributor-first12=Mike \|contributor-last12=Dryfoos \|contributor-first13=Rachel \|contributor-last13=Duncan \|contributor-first14=Kurt \|contributor-last14=Eckhardt \|contributor-first15=Eric \|contributor-last15=Evans \|contributor-first16=Rick \|contributor-last16=Farmer \|contributor-first17=Bill \|contributor-last17=Gates \|contributor-link17=Bill Gates \|contributor-first18=Michael \|contributor-last18=Geary \|contributor-first19=Bob \|contributor-last19=Griffin \|contributor-first20=Doug \|contributor-last20=Hogarth \|contributor-first21=James W. \|contributor-last21=Johnson \|contributor-first22=Kaamel \|contributor-last22=Kermaani \|contributor-first23=Adrian \|contributor-last23=King \|contributor-first24=Reed \|contributor-last24=Koch \|contributor-first25=James \|contributor-last25=Landowski \|contributor-first26=Chris \|contributor-last26=Larson \|contributor-first27=Thomas \|contributor-last27=Lennon \|contributor-first28=Dan \|contributor-last28=Lipkie \|contributor-first29=Marc \|contributor-last29=McDonald \|contributor-link29=Marc McDonald \|contributor-first30=Bruce \|contributor-last30=McKinney \|contributor-first31=Pascal \|contributor-last31=Martin \|contributor-first32=Estelle \|contributor-last32=Mathers \|contributor-first33=Bob \|contributor-last33=Matthews \|contributor-first34=David \|contributor-last34=Melin \|contributor-first35=Charles \|contributor-last35=Mergentime \|contributor-first36=Randy \|contributor-last36=Nevin \|contributor-first37=Dan \|contributor-last37=Newell \|contributor-first38=Tani \|contributor-last38=Newell \|contributor-first39=David \|contributor-last39=Norris \|contributor-first40=Mike \|contributor-last40=O'Leary \|contributor-first41=Bob \|contributor-last41=O'Rear \|contributor-link41=Bob O'Rear \|contributor-first42=Mike \|contributor-last42=Olsson \|contributor-first43=Larry \|contributor-last43=Osterman \|contributor-first44=Ridge \|contributor-last44=Ostling \|contributor-first45=Sunil \|contributor-last45=Pai \|contributor-first46=Tim \|contributor-last46=Paterson \|contributor-link46=Tim Paterson \|contributor-first47=Gary \|contributor-last47=Perez \|contributor-first48=Chris \|contributor-last48=Peters \|contributor-first49=Charles \|contributor-last49=Petzold \|contributor-link49=Charles Petzold \|contributor-first50=John \|contributor-last50=Pollock \|contributor-first51=Aaron \|contributor-last51=Reynolds \|contributor-link51=Aaron R. Reynolds \|contributor-first52=Darryl \|contributor-last52=Rubin \|contributor-first53=Ralph \|contributor-last53=Ryan \|contributor-first54=Karl \|contributor-last54=Schulmeisters \|contributor-first55=Rajen \|contributor-last55=Shah \|contributor-first56=Barry \|contributor-last56=Shaw \|contributor-first57=Anthony \|contributor-last57=Short \|contributor-first58=Ben \|contributor-last58=Slivka \|contributor-first59=Jon \|contributor-last59=Smirl \|contributor-first60=Betty \|contributor-last60=Stillmaker \|contributor-first61=John \|contributor-last61=Stoddard \|contributor-first62=Dennis \|contributor-last62=Tillman \|contributor-first63=Greg \|contributor-last63=Whitten \|contributor-first64=Natalie \|contributor-last64=Yount \|contributor-first65=Steve \|contributor-last65=Zeck -->\|date=1988 \|edition=Completely reworked \|publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] \|___location=Redmond, Washington, USA \|isbn=1-55615-049-0 \|lccn=87-21452 \|oclc=16581341}} (xix+1570 pages; 26 cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors. [https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053041/https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/ \|date=2018-10-14 }})</ref> <ref name="Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS">{{cite book \|author-first1=Andrew \|author-last1=Schulman \|author-first2=Ralf D. \|author-last2=Brown \|author-link2=Ralf D. Brown \|author-first3=David \|author-last3=Maxey \|author-first4=Raymond J. \|author-last4=Michels \|author-first5=Jim \|author-last5=Kyle \|title=Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1 \|publisher=[[Addison Wesley]] \|edition=2 \|date=1994 \|orig-year=November 1993<!-- first printing --> \|isbn=0-201-63287-X \|___location=Reading, Massachusetts \|page=[https://archive.org/details/undocumenteddosp00andr_0/page/11 11] \|url=https://archive.org/details/undocumenteddosp00andr_0/page/11}} (xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5"-floppy) Errata: [https://web.archive.org/web/20190417215556/http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/ralf/pub/books/UndocumentedDOS/errata.ud2][https://web.archive.org/web/20190417212906/https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/programming/Undocumented_DOS/#errata-2nd-edition]</ref> Line 582: <ref name="efi">{{cite web \|url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/1/161ba512-40e2-4cc9-843a-923143f3456c/fatgen103.doc \|title=Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System Specification, FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format \|publisher=[[Microsoft]] \|date=March 30, 2011 \|access-date=2018-12-21 \|archive-date=2021-07-23 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723100623/http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/1/161ba512-40e2-4cc9-843a-923143f3456c/fatgen103.doc \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Brouwer_2002_Partition-IDs">{{cite web \|url=http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-1.html \|title=List of partition identifiers for PCs \|first=Andries \|last=Brouwer \|access-date=2012-01-11 \|archive-date=2019-04-23 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423204723/http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-1.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Brouwer_2002_Logical_FAT">{{cite web \|url=~~http~~https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-2.html#ss2.6 \|title=Properties of partition tables \|first=Andries \|last=Brouwer \|access-date=2012-01-11 \|archive-date=2019-04-23 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423204726/https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-2.html#ss2.6 \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Microsoft_2003_CC736327">{{cite web \|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc736327(v=ws.10).aspx \|title=Dskprobe Overview: Data Recovery \|publisher=[[Microsoft TechNet]] \|date=March 28, 2003 \|access-date=2011-08-03 \|archive-date=2011-07-03 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703230849/http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc736327(v=WS.10).aspx \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Microsoft_2004_KB120138">{{cite web \|url=http://c-bit.org/kb/120138/EN-US/ \|title=Errors Creating Files or Folders in the Root Directory \|publisher=Microsoft Help and Support \|date=December 16, 2004 \|access-date=2006-10-14 \|archive-date=2020-07-31 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731141634/http://c-bit.org/kb/120138/EN-US/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> Line 610: <ref name="DesktopLinux_2009">{{cite web \|url=http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS4980952387.html?kc=rss \|title=Can FAT patch avoid Microsoft lawsuits? \|last=Brown \|first=Eric \|date=July 2, 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131034455/http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS4980952387.html \|archive-date=January 31, 2013 \|url-status=dead \|access-date=2009-08-23 \|publisher=DesktopLinux.Com}}</ref> <ref name="ArsTechnica_2009">{{cite web \|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2009/07/vfat-linux-patch-could-circumvent-microsofts-patent-claims/ \|title=New Linux patch could circumvent Microsoft's FAT patents \|last=Paul \|first=Ryan \|date=July 2, 2009 \|access-date=2013-10-30 \|publisher=ArsTechnica.com \|archive-date=2013-11-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101061453/http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2009/07/vfat-linux-patch-could-circumvent-microsofts-patent-claims/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Microsoft_2000_Wyse-DOS">{{~~cite~~Cite FTP ~~web\|publisher=Microsoft~~\|date=December 17, 2000\|server=Microsoft\|url-status=dead\|title=Q78407: Wyse DOS 3.3 Partitions Incompatible with MS-DOS 5.x and 6.x\|url=ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/misc1/PEROPSYS/MSDOS/KB/Q78/4/07.TXT~~}}{{dead link\|date=July 2020\|bot=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic~~}} [https://archive.org/download/ftp.microsoft.com/ftp.microsoft.com.zip/ftp.microsoft.com%2FMISC1%2FPEROPSYS%2FMSDOS%2FKB%2FQ78%2F4%2F07.TXT Alt URL]</ref> <ref name="GB4">{{cite web \|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc938937.aspx \|title=File Systems \|year=2001 \|publisher=[[Microsoft TechNet]] \|access-date=2011-07-31 \|archive-date=2011-08-12 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812044910/http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc938937.aspx \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="IBM_4690_User_Guide">IBM; ''4690 OS User's Guide Version 5.2'', IBM document SC30-4134-01, 2008-01-10 ([https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/retail/pubs/sw/opsys/4690/ver5r2/bsf1_UG_mst.pdf] )</ref> <ref name="IBM_4690_Programming_Guide">IBM; ''4690 OS Programming Guide Version 5.2'', IBM document SC30-4137-01, 2007-12-06 ([https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/retail/pubs/sw/opsys/4690/ver5r2/bsi1_PG_mst.pdf] )</ref> <ref name="Microsoft_2000_Logical-sectoring">{{~~cite~~Cite FTP ~~web\|publisher=Microsoft~~\|date=December 17, 2000\|server=Microsoft\|url-status=dead\|title=Q68176: Upgrading Pre-4.0 Systems with Logical Drive(s) > 32 MB\|url=ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/misc1/PEROPSYS/MSDOS/KB/Q68/1/76.TXT~~}}{{dead link\|date=July 2020\|bot=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic~~}} [https://archive.org/download/ftp.microsoft.com/ftp.microsoft.com.zip/ftp.microsoft.com%2FMISC1%2FPEROPSYS%2FMSDOS%2FKB%2FQ68%2F1%2F76.TXT Alt URL]</ref> <ref name="SCP_1981_86-DOS_1.0_Addendum">{{cite web \|url=http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/seattleComputer/86-DOS_1.0_Addendum.pdf \|title=SCP 86-DOS 1.0 Addendum \|author=Seattle Computer Products \|year=1981 \|access-date=2013-03-10 \|archive-date=2012-10-03 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003100657/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/seattleComputer/86-DOS_1.0_Addendum.pdf \|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Microsoft_exFAT-License">{{cite web \|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/IPLicensing/Programs/exFATFileSystem.aspx \|title=exFAT File System Intellectual Property licensing program \|author=Microsoft \|website=[[Microsoft]] \|access-date=2013-04-23 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507183540/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/IPLicensing/Programs/exFATFileSystem.aspx \|archive-date=May 7, 2013 \|df=mdy}}</ref> Line 628: == External links == * [~~http~~https://support.microsoft.com/kb/154997/ ''Description of the FAT32 File System'']: Microsoft Knowledge Base Article 154997 * [https://jeffpar.github.io/kbarchive/kb/039/Q39927/ ''MS-DOS: Directory and Subdirectory Limitations'']: Microsoft Knowledge Base Article 39927 * [~~http~~https://support.microsoft.com/kb/100108/ ''Overview of FAT, HPFS, and NTFS File Systems'']: Microsoft Knowledge Base Article 100108 * Microsoft Technet; [https://web.archive.org/web/20060307082555/http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/winxppro/reskit/c13621675.mspx ''Volume and file size limits of FAT file systems''], copy made by [https://archive.org/ Internet Archive Wayback Machine] of an article with summary of limits in FAT32 which is no longer available on Microsoft website. * [[Raymond Chen (Microsoft)\|Chen, Raymond]]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20081118122857/http://www.microsoft.com/technet/technetmag/issues/2006/07/WindowsConfidential/ ''Microsoft TechNet: A Brief and Incomplete History of FAT32'']