Non-binary: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Gender identities thatoutside areof neitherthe exclusivelygender male nor femalebinary}}

{{split|Non-binary|Genderqueer|date=May 2025}}

{{hatnote group|

{{Short description|Gender identities that are neither exclusively male nor female}}

{{about|non-binary genders|other senses of not being binary|Binary (disambiguation)}}

{{Redirect|Genderqueer|the book|Gender Queer: A Memoir{{!}}''Gender Queer: A Memoir''}}

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{{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}

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Genderqueer serves as both an umbrella term for non-binary identities and an adjective describing those who challenge or diverge from conventional gender distinctions, regardless of how they personally identify. It encompasses a range of expressions that transcend the binary gender categories of man and woman.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Susan |last2=Lee |first2=Janet |date=April 23, 2014 |title=Women's Voices Feminist Visions: Classic and Contemporary Readings |edition=Sixth |___location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |pages=130; 135 |isbn=978-0-07-802700-0 |oclc=862041473}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dahir |first=Mubarak |date=May 25, 1999 |title=Whose Movement Is It? |magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]] |page=52 |publisher=[[Here Media]] |___location=San Francisco, California}}</ref>

Additionally, being genderqueer is associated with [[gender ambiguity]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Transgender Voices: Beyond Women and Men |last=Girshick |first=Lori B. |year=2008 |publisher=[[University Press of New England]] |___location=[[Hanover, New Hampshire]] |isbn=978-1-58465-645-6 |oclc=183162406}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=August 2021}}. [[Androgyny|Androgyny]] (also "androgyne") is often used to describe a blend of socially defined masculine and feminine traits.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Susan M. |last2=Lee |first2=Janet |date=April 23, 2014 |title=Women's Voices Feminist Visions: Classic and Contemporary Readings |edition=Sixth |___location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |isbn=978-0-07-802700-0 |oclc=862041473}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=August 2021}} However, not all genderqueer individuals identify as androgynous; some may identify with traditionally masculine or feminine traits or use alternative descriptors such as "masculine woman" or "feminine man."<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Walsh |first1=Reuben |date=December 2010 |title=More T, vicar? My experiences as a genderqueer person of faith |magazine=All God's Children |publisher=[[Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement]] |volume=2 |issue=3}}</ref> The term "enby," derived from the acronym NB for non-binary, is also commonly used.<ref>{{cite book |first=Vanessa |last=Sheridan |title=Transgender in the Workplace: The Complete Guide |date=2018 |isbn=978-1440858062 |page=11|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Sam |last=Hope |title=Person-Centred Counselling for Trans and Gender Diverse People |publisher=[[Jessica Kingsley Publishers]] |___location=London, England |date=2019 |isbn=978-1784509378 |page=218}}</ref>

Being non-binary is also not the same as being [[intersex]]. Most intersex people identify as either men or women,<ref name="intersex-2016">{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2016 |title=Understanding Non-Binary People: How to Be Respectful and Supportive |url=https://transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-non-binary-people-how-to-be-respectful-and-supportive |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406081742/https://transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-non-binary-people-how-to-be-respectful-and-supportive |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |access-date=June 17, 2020 |website=National Center for Transgender Equality}}</ref> although some identify as only non-binary, some identify as non-binary and genderfluid, while others identify as non-binary men or non-binary women. A national UK survey conducted in 2017 found that, of 1,980 intersex respondents, 38% identified as women, 32% as men, and 25% as non-binary.<ref>Government Equalities Office (2018). [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-lgbt-survey-summary-report National LGBT survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810030216/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-lgbt-survey-summary-report |date=August 10, 2021 }}. Annex 10.</ref>

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=== Polygender ===

{{Dist|Polysexuality|Plurisexuality}}

''Polygender'', ''plurigender'' or ''multigender'' is a non-binary identity in which the person experiences multiple genders.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Moreno|first=Nik|date=2016-03-15|title=Polygender: Many Genders in One|url=https://wearyourvoicemag.com/polygender-many-genders-one/|access-date=2020-12-04|website=Wear Your Voice|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114000439/https://wearyourvoicemag.com/polygender-many-genders-one/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Pangender]], [[bigender]], and [[trigender]] are examples of multi-gender identities,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McKinney|first1=Rob|last2=Desposito|first2=Michael|last3=Yoon|first3=Eunhui|date=2020-08-03|title=Promoting Identity Wellness in LGBTGEQIAP+ Adolescents Through Affirmative Therapy|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2020.1790464|journal=Journal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling|volume=14|issue=3|pages=176–190|doi=10.1080/15538605.2020.1790464|s2cid=221142691|issn=1553-8605|url-access=subscription}}</ref> sometimes along with [[androgyne]], associated with [[demigender]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Harrison|first1=Jack|last2=Grant|first2=Jaime|last3=Herman|first3=Jody L.|date=2012-04-01|title=A Gender Not Listed Here: Genderqueers, Gender Rebels, and OtherWise in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj46213|journal=LGBTQ Public Policy Journal at the Harvard Kennedy School|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=13|archive-date=April 21, 2023|access-date=June 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421175117/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj46213|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Two-spirit ===

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=== Xenogender ===

'''Xenogender''' encompasses a variety of gender identities that are defined using non-concepts not based on traditional conceptsmale or female categories, often drawn from natural, inanimate, or abstract sources, representing a departure from the typical human gender binary.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beattie |first1=Michael |author2=Penny Lenihan |author3=Robin Dundas |author4=Christiane Sanderson |date=2018 |title=Counselling skills for working with gender diversity and identity |___location=London |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-78450-481-6 |oclc=1028945173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morin |first=Florentin Félix |date=April 3, 2017 |title=EGO HIPPO: the subject as metaphor |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0969725X.2017.1322822 |journal=[[Angelaki]] |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=87–96 |doi=10.1080/0969725X.2017.1322822 |s2cid=149400086 |issn=0969-725X |access-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304131420/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0969725X.2017.1322822 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription }}</ref> People who identify with a xenogender may not have the words to describe their gender, so instead they compare it to something else.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=LGBTQ |date=2022-03-02 |title=What you need to know about xenogender |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2022/03/need-know-xenogender/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=LGBTQ Nation |language=en |archive-date=August 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801004706/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2022/03/need-know-xenogender/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==

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==Legal recognition==

{{Update section|date=August 2025|reason=Increased legal recognition of non-binary people}}{{main|Legal recognition of non-binary gender}}

[[File:Third-gender-recognition-equaldex-2024-map.svg|thumb|Third gender recognition world map (2024)|263x263px]]

Many non-binary/genderqueer people use the gender they were given at birth to conduct everyday business, as many institutions and forms of identification—such as passports and driver's licenses—only accept, in the sense of recorded recognition, binary gender identities. But with the increasing acceptance of non-binary gender identities and the rise in wider societal recognition, this is slowly changing, as more governments and institutions recognize and allow non-binary identities.<ref name=richardsetal>{{Cite journal |last1=Richards |first1=Christina |last2=Bouman |first2=Walter Pierre |last3=Seal |first3=Leighton |last4=Barker |first4=Meg John |last5=Nieder |first5=Timo O. |last6=T'Sjoen |first6=Guy |date=2016 |title=Non-binary or genderqueer genders |journal=International Review of Psychiatry |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=95–102 |pmid=26753630 |doi=10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446 |s2cid=29985722 |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7279758 |access-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626224658/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7279758|url-status=live|hdl=1854/LU-7279758 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

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Healthcare professionals are often uninformed about nonbinary people's specific health needs, sometimes requiring nonbinary patients to educate them.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kcomt |first1=Luisa |last2=Gorey |first2=Kevin M. |last3=Barrett |first3=Betty Jo |last4=McCabe |first4=Sean Esteban |date=August 1, 2020 |title=Healthcare avoidance due to anticipated discrimination among transgender people: A call to create trans-affirmative environments |journal=SSM – Population Health |volume=11 |pages=100608 |doi=10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100608 |issn=2352-8273 |pmc=7276492 |pmid=32529022}}</ref> Some providers may believe that nonbinary people do not require transition-related treatment,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vincent |first=Ben |title=Non-Binary Genders: Navigating Communities, Identities, and Healthcare |publisher=[[Policy Press]] |year=2020 |doi=10.56687/9781447351931|isbn=9781447351931 }}</ref> while others may not understand the difference between their identity and the identities of binary transgender patients.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=Jessica |last2=Zalewska |first2=Agnieszka |last3=Gates |first3=Jennifer Joan |last4=Millon |first4=Guy |date=July 3, 2019 |title=An exploration of the lived experiences of non-binary individuals who have presented at a gender identity clinic in the United Kingdom |journal=International Journal of Transgenderism |volume=20 |issue=2–3 |pages=195–204 |doi=10.1080/15532739.2018.1445056 |issn=1553-2739 |pmc=6831017 |pmid=32999606}}</ref> Nonbinary patients report lower rates of respect from healthcare providers than binary transgender people.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kattari |first1=Shanna K. |last2=Bakko |first2=Matthew |last3=Hecht |first3=Hillary K. |last4=Kattari |first4=Leonardo |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Correlations between healthcare provider interactions and mental health among transgender and nonbinary adults |journal=SSM – Population Health |volume=10 |pages=100525 |doi=10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100525 |issn=2352-8273 |pmc=6909214 |pmid=31872041}}</ref>

Beliefs that affirm the existence of gender/sex diversity are associated negatively with prejudices toward non-binary people.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101499| issn = 2352-250X| volume = 48| pages = 101499| last1 = Schudson| first1 = Zach C.| last2 = Morgenroth| first2 = Thekla| title = Non-binary gender/sex identities| journal = Current Opinion in Psychology| access-date = 2025-06-17| date = 2022-12-01| pmid = 36401906| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X22002202| quote = Research on gender/sex diversity affirming ontological beliefs has found that they are negatively associated with both implicit and explicit prejudice toward people with androgynous gender expressions, suggesting important links to positive attitudes toward non-binary and gender/sex diverse people.| archive-date = May 6, 2024| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240506235520/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X22002202| url-status = live| doi-access = free}}</ref>

===Transgender health care===

Some nonbinary people desire [[Transgender health care|gender-affirming health care]], including [[Transgender hormone therapy|hormone replacement therapy]] or [[Gender-affirming surgery|surgery]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Beek |first1=Titia F. |last2=Kreukels |first2=Baudewijntje P.C. |last3=Cohen-Kettenis |first3=Peggy T. |last4=Steensma |first4=Thomas D. |date=November 1, 2015 |title=Partial Treatment Requests and Underlying Motives of Applicants for Gender Affirming Interventions |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.13033 |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=2201–2205 |doi=10.1111/jsm.13033 |pmid=26553507 |issn=1743-6109 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-date=October 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001010219/https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/12/11/2201/6980102?redirectedFrom=fulltext |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Others do not,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Burgwal |first1=Aisa |last2=Motmans |first2=Joz |date=November 2021 |title=Trans and gender diverse people's experiences and evaluations with general and trans-specific healthcare services: a cross-sectional survey |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-021-00432-9 |journal=International Journal of Impotence Research |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=679–686 |doi=10.1038/s41443-021-00432-9 |pmid=33854204 |s2cid=233225133 |issn=1476-5489 |hdl=1854/LU-8704468 |hdl-access=free |access-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624054919/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-021-00432-9 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ratio of those who desire care to those who do not is unclear. The factors that lead to this decision are complex and unique to each person.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vincent |first=Ben |date=July 3, 2019 |title=Breaking down barriers and binaries in trans healthcare: the validation of non-binary people |journal=International Journal of Transgenderism |volume=20 |issue=2–3 |pages=132–137 |doi=10.1080/15532739.2018.1534075 |issn=1553-2739 |pmc=6831034 |pmid=32999601}}</ref>

Nonbinary patients seeking gender-affirming care typically begin treatment earlier than binary transgender patients.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kattari |first1=Shanna K. |last2=Atteberry-Ash |first2=Brittanie |last3=Kinney |first3=M. Killian |last4=Walls |first4=N. Eugene |last5=Kattari |first5=Leonardo |date=October 21, 2019 |title=One size does not fit all: differential transgender health experiences |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00981389.2019.1677279 |journal=Social Work in Health Care |volume=58 |issue=9 |pages=899–917 |doi=10.1080/00981389.2019.1677279 |pmid=31618117 |s2cid=204757090 |issn=0098-1389 |access-date=June 25, 2023 |archive-date=June 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625040500/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00981389.2019.1677279 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Mental health care===