Chartplotter: Difference between revisions

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{{shortShort description|Marine navigation device}}

{{Unreferenced|date=May 2020}}

[[File:BVI 2009-273 (3692273152).jpg|right|thumb|A [[Raymarine]] chartplotter]]

A '''Chartplotterchartplotter''' is a device used in marine [[navigation]] that integrates [[GPS]] data with an [[electronic navigational chart]] (ENC).

The chartplotter displays the ENC along with the position, heading and speed of the ship, and may display additional information from [[radar]], [[Automatic Identification System|automatic information systems (AIS)]] or other sensors.

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==Technology==

Electronic chartplotters are by nature [[Central Processing Unit|CPU]] (and [[General-purpose computing on graphics processing units|GPU]]) intensive applications. Chartplotters need to retrieve the Navigation Signal ([[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]], GPS, [[GLONASS]], [[Wide Area Augmentation System|WAAS]] etc.) and overlay that on a map. Map updates on dedicated hardware typically have screen refresh rates from 5 Hz to 30 Hz.

Some navigation software can run on standard computers (and mobile phones, etc.) but most higher end systems are dedicated hardware. Especially when the chartplotter generates three-dimensional displays, as used for fishing, considerable processing power and video memory may be required.

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The integration of these devices is very important as it becomes quite distracting to look at several different screens. Therefore, displays can often overlay charting, radar, sonar into a single system. This gives the captain unprecedented instrumentation to maneuver the ship. With digital backbones, these devices have advanced greatly in the last years. For example, the newer ones have 3D displays that allow you to see above, below and all around the ship, including overlays of satellite imaging.

== Electronic Chartscharts ==

An individual electronic chart, or, more commonly, a database of charts, is the heart of a chartplotter. The chartplotter system can be no more accurate than its charts.

Without charts that are accredited by appropriate governmental organizations, a chartplotter is an example of an Electronic Charting System (ECS). When the charts meet the technical requirements of the [[International Maritime Organization]] (IMO) and national hydrographic bodies, the chartplotter can qualify as an [[Electronic Chart Display and Information System]] (ECDIS). ECDIS legally can be substituted for paper charts while navigating in active waterways, but vessels are required to maintain paper charts if their chartplotter does not use ECDIS.

ECDIS will use IMO-standardized formats, but some chartplotters require specific data formats. A charter may use one or both types of ENC:

* Raster Charts: The chart plotter displays a "picture" of a paper chart or map which is referenced to geographic coordinates. A [[GPS]] position can be displayed upon the raster chart, but accuracy depends upon many factors including the type of projection (e.g. conic or mercator) used in the original chart, and the reference system used (e.g. [[NAD-27]] or [[WGS-84]]).

* Vector Charts: The chart plotter constructs a facsimile of a chart using raw data from a data base. The major advantages are a reduction in the amount of data to be stored, and the ability of the chart plotter to identify certain features (such as water depth) and act upon them (e.g. do not allow the ship to run aground)

== Human Interfacesinterfaces ==

A basic navigational display is common to all chartplotters. Depending on intended use and characteristics of the specific chartplotter, they may have options to present such displays as three-dimensional fish-finding and bottom characteristics useful in fishing.

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Chartplotters may be programmable, and can be set to generate audible and visual alarms for conditions such as a potential collision, deviating significantly from the planned course, etc.

== Related Applicationsapplications==

The principal function of a classic chartplotter is assisting a human pilot to plot and follow a course.

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==References==

{{Reflist}}

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<references />

==External links==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110204030611/http://www.marinegpschartplotter.co.nz/ Marine GPS Chartplotter Info Centre]

[[Category:Navigational aids]]

[[Category:Navigational equipment]]

[[Category:Aids to navigation]]