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| logo = image:Gentoo Linux logo matte.svg
| logo size = 100px
| logo caption =
| logo alt = Gentoo Logo
| screenshot = Gentoo Live GUI USB running KDE.png
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| update model = [[Rolling release]]
| package manager = [[Portage (software)|Portage]]
| supported platforms = [[IA-32]], [[x86
| kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]])
| userland = [[GNU Core Utilities|GNU]], With support for non-GNU userlands
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'''Gentoo Linux''' (pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɛ|n|t|uː}} {{respell|JEN|too}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_is_Gentoo_pronounced.2C_and_what_does_it_mean.3F|title=Gentoo Linux Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=6 January 2014|quote=Gentoo is pronounced "gen-too" (the "g" in "Gentoo" is a soft "g", as in "gentle").|archive-date=January 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106202051/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_is_Gentoo_pronounced.2C_and_what_does_it_mean.3F|url-status=live}}</ref>) is a [[Linux distribution]] built using the [[Portage (software)|Portage]] [[package management system]]. Unlike a binary [[software distribution]], the source code is compiled locally according to the user's preferences and is often [[Program optimization|optimized]] for the specific type of computer. Precompiled binaries are available for some packages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Binary_package_guide|title=Binary package guide|publisher=gentoo.org|access-date=2022-09-04|quote=Next to the usual support for source-based ebuilds, Portage also supports building and installing binary packages.|archive-date=February 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212004921/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Binary_package_guide|url-status=live}}</ref> Gentoo runs on a wide variety of processor architectures.
Gentoo package management is designed to be [[Modular programming|modular]], [[porting|portable]], easy to maintain, and flexible. Gentoo describes itself as a [[Meta (prefix)|meta]]-distribution because of its adaptability, in that the majority of its users have configurations and sets of installed programs which are unique to the system and the applications they use.<ref name=gentoo-about>{{cite web |url=https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/about/ |title=Gentoo Linux – About Gentoo |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2007-09-17 |access-date=2010-01-28 |archive-date=December 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221235233/https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/about/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
Gentoo Linux is named after the [[gentoo penguin]], the fastest swimming species of penguin. The name was chosen to reflect the potential speed improvements of machine-specific optimizing, which is a major feature of Gentoo.
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==History==
[[File:Gentoo Logo Vector.svg|thumb|Gentoo Linux's old vector logo]]
Gentoo Linux was initially created by [[Daniel Robbins (computer programmer)|Daniel Robbins]] as the ''Enoch Linux'' distribution.
Daniel Robbins and the other contributors experimented with a fork of [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]] known as EGCS, developed by [[Cygnus Solutions]].
After problems with a bug on his own system, Robbins halted Gentoo development and switched to [[FreeBSD]] for several months, later saying, "I decided to add several FreeBSD features to make our autobuild system (now called Portage) a true next-generation ports system."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p3.xml|title=Gentoo Linux Documentation – Making the distribution, Part 3|date=2005-10-09|website=Gentoo.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126223839/http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p3.xml|archive-date=November 26, 2005|url-status=dead|access-date=2010-01-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
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==Features==
Gentoo appeals to
Gentoo's package repositories provide a large collection of software. Each package contains details of any [[Coupling (computer programming)|dependencies]], so only the minimum set of packages need to be installed. Optional features of individual packages, such as whether they require [[Lightweight Directory Access Protocol|LDAP]] or [[Qt (software)|Qt]] support, can be selected by the user and any resulting package requirements are automatically included in the set of dependencies.<ref name="Negus2008"/>{{rp|386}}
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{{Main|Portage (software)}}
[[File:Gentoo-portage-installing-darktable.png|alt=Installing software. In this example, Darktable will build with Flickr and geolocation support.|left|thumb|500x500px|Installing software. In this example, [[Darktable]] will build with Flickr and geolocation support.]]
Portage is Gentoo's [[software distribution]] and [[Package manager|package management system]]. The original design was based on the [[Ports collection|ports system]] used by the [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] (BSD) operating systems. The Gentoo repository contains over 19,000 packages
A single invocation of portage's {{mono|emerge}} command can update the local copy of the Gentoo repository, search for a package, or download, compile, and install one or more packages and their dependencies. The built-in features can be set for individual packages, or globally, with so-called "USE flags".<ref name="Negus2006"/>
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Gentoo may be installed in several ways. The most common is to use the Gentoo minimal CD with a stage3 [[tar (computing)|tarball]] (explained below). As with many Linux distributions, Gentoo may be installed from almost any Linux environment, such as another Linux distribution's Live CD, Live USB, or Network Booting using the "Gentoo Alternative Install Guide". A normal install requires a connection to the Internet, but a network-less install guide exists.
On April 3, 2022, it was announced that there would be a new official image with a GUI, called the LiveGUI image. This can be installed onto installation media such as a USB drive or a dual-layer DVD. It includes a large selection of software, including the [[KDE Plasma
Previously, Gentoo supported installation from stage1 and stage2 tarballs. The Gentoo Foundation no longer recommends this usage; stage1 and stage2 are now meant only for Gentoo developers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_do_I_install_Gentoo_using_a_stage1_or_stage2_tarball.3F|title=How do I Install Gentoo Using a Stage1 or Stage2 Tarball?|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-date=January 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106202051/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_do_I_install_Gentoo_using_a_stage1_or_stage2_tarball.3F|url-status=live}}</ref>
Following the initial install steps, the Gentoo Linux install process in the Gentoo Handbook describes compiling a new Linux kernel. This process is generally not required by other Linux distributions. Although this is widely regarded as a complex task, Gentoo provides documentation and tools
A [[Live USB]] of Gentoo Linux can be created manually, by using [[List of tools to create Live USB systems|various tools]], or with [[Dd (Unix)|dd]] as described in the [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/LiveUSB/Guide#dd handbook].
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* ''Stage3'' begins with a minimal set of compiled user software, with which the [[kernel (operating system)|kernel]] and any other additional software are then configured and compiled.
Since October 2005, only the stage3 installations have been officially supported, due to the inherent complexities of bootstrapping from earlier stages (which requires resolving and then breaking numerous [[
===Gentoo Reference Platform===
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! Date/info
|-
| Unreal Tournament 2003 LiveCD || {{dts|2002-09-18|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=
|-
| 10.0 || {{dts|2009-10-04|format=mdy}}<ref name="10-years">{{cite web |url=https://www.gentoo.org/news/20091004-gentoo-10-years.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Ten Years Compiling: 1999–2009 |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2009-10-04 |access-date=2018-02-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222231552/https://www.gentoo.org/news/20091004-gentoo-10-years.xml |archive-date=December 22, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (special edition Live DVD for the 10th anniversary)
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==Logo and mascots==
The [[gentoo penguin]] is thought to be the fastest underwater-swimming penguin. The name Gentoo Linux is a reference both to the omnibus Linux mascot{{Mdash}} a penguin called [[Tux (mascot)|Tux]]{{Mdash}} and the project's aim to produce a high-performance operating system.<ref name="Negus2008">{{cite book|author=Christopher Negus|title=Linux Bible: Boot Up to Ubuntu, Fedora, KNOPPIX, Debian, openSUSE, and 11 Other Distributions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqXiuPySGg8C&pg=PA389|date=May 5, 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-28706-4|pages=389–|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-date=March 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326011818/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqXiuPySGg8C&pg=PA389|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|383}}
▲The official Gentoo logo is a stylized 'g' resembling a silver [[magatama]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gentoo.org/inside-gentoo/foundation/name-logo-guidelines.html |title=Gentoo name and logo usage guidelines |publisher=gentoo.org |access-date=2018-02-10 |archive-date=December 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221235643/https://www.gentoo.org/inside-gentoo/foundation/name-logo-guidelines.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Unofficial mascots include ''Larry The Cow''<ref name=gentoo-about/> and ''Znurt the Flying Saucer''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sources.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/images/znurt.jpg?view=markup |title=(gentoo) Contents of /xml/images/znurt.jpg |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2002-11-09 |access-date=2011-08-02 |archive-date=September 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929112713/http://sources.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/gentoo/xml/images/znurt.jpg?view=markup |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Derived distributions==
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* [[Linux From Scratch]]
* [[T2 SDE]]
* [[Ice Hockey]]
==References==
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==External links==
{{Commons
* {{Official website|https://www.gentoo.org/}}
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[[Category:Gentoo Linux| ]]
[[Category:2002 software]]
[[Category:Source-based Linux distributions]]
[[Category:X86-64 Linux distributions]]
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