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| logo = image:Gentoo Linux logo matte.svg
| logo size = 100px
| logo caption =
| logo alt = Gentoo Logo
| screenshot = Gentoo Live GUI USB running KDE.png
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| update model = [[Rolling release]]
| package manager = [[Portage (software)|Portage]]
| supported platforms = [[IA-32]], [[x86
| kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]])
| userland = [[GNU Core Utilities|GNU]], With support for non-GNU userlands
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==History==
[[File:Gentoo Logo Vector.svg|thumb|Gentoo Linux's old vector logo]]
Gentoo Linux was initially created by [[Daniel Robbins (computer programmer)|Daniel Robbins]] as the ''Enoch Linux'' distribution. Its [[design philosophy]] was that of precompiled binaries which were tuned to the hardware and that only included required programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p1.xml|title=Gentoo Linux Documentation – Making the distribution, Part 1|date=2005-10-09|website=Gentoo.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126223839/http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p1.xml|archive-date=November 26, 2005|url-status=dead|access-date=2010-01-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref> At least one version of Enoch was distributed under that name: version 0.75, in December 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/enoch/enoch-0.75 |title=Planet Mirror – enoch – Enoch Linux – enoch-0.75 – download now |website=Public.planetmirror.com |date=2007-02-11 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228085838/http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/enoch/enoch-0.75 |archive-date=December 28, 2008 |df=mdy}}</ref> An older release labeled "Enoch 0.5" can be found on the CD accompanying the August 1999 edition of the Danish computer magazine ''Alt om Data''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/1999-08-alt-om-data-august-1999 | title=Alt Om Data August 1999 | date=August 1999 }}</ref>
Daniel Robbins and the other contributors experimented with a fork of [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]] known as EGCS, developed by [[Cygnus Solutions]]. It was at this point that "Enoch" was renamed "Gentoo" Linux. The modifications to EGCS eventually became part of the official GCC (version 2.95); Gentoo and other Linux distros benefited from similar speed increases.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p2.xml|title=Gentoo Linux Documentation – Making the distribution, Part 2|date=2005-10-09|website=Gentoo.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126223839/http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p2.xml|archive-date=November 26, 2005|url-status=dead|access-date=2010-01-28|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
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==Features==
Gentoo appeals to
Gentoo's package repositories provide a large collection of software. Each package contains details of any [[Coupling (computer programming)|dependencies]], so only the minimum set of packages need to be installed. Optional features of individual packages, such as whether they require [[Lightweight Directory Access Protocol|LDAP]] or [[Qt (software)|Qt]] support, can be selected by the user and any resulting package requirements are automatically included in the set of dependencies.<ref name="Negus2008"/>{{rp|386}}
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{{Main|Portage (software)}}
[[File:Gentoo-portage-installing-darktable.png|alt=Installing software. In this example, Darktable will build with Flickr and geolocation support.|left|thumb|500x500px|Installing software. In this example, [[Darktable]] will build with Flickr and geolocation support.]]
Portage is Gentoo's [[software distribution]] and [[Package manager|package management system]]. The original design was based on the [[Ports collection|ports system]] used by the [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] (BSD) operating systems. The Gentoo repository contains over 19,000 packages
A single invocation of portage's {{mono|emerge}} command can update the local copy of the Gentoo repository, search for a package, or download, compile, and install one or more packages and their dependencies. The built-in features can be set for individual packages, or globally, with so-called "USE flags".<ref name="Negus2006"/>
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Gentoo may be installed in several ways. The most common is to use the Gentoo minimal CD with a stage3 [[tar (computing)|tarball]] (explained below). As with many Linux distributions, Gentoo may be installed from almost any Linux environment, such as another Linux distribution's Live CD, Live USB, or Network Booting using the "Gentoo Alternative Install Guide". A normal install requires a connection to the Internet, but a network-less install guide exists.
On April 3, 2022, it was announced that there would be a new official image with a GUI, called the LiveGUI image. This can be installed onto installation media such as a USB drive or a dual-layer DVD. It includes a large selection of software, including the [[KDE Plasma
Previously, Gentoo supported installation from stage1 and stage2 tarballs. The Gentoo Foundation no longer recommends this usage; stage1 and stage2 are now meant only for Gentoo developers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_do_I_install_Gentoo_using_a_stage1_or_stage2_tarball.3F|title=How do I Install Gentoo Using a Stage1 or Stage2 Tarball?|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-date=January 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106202051/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FAQ#How_do_I_install_Gentoo_using_a_stage1_or_stage2_tarball.3F|url-status=live}}</ref>
Following the initial install steps, the Gentoo Linux install process in the Gentoo Handbook describes compiling a new Linux kernel. This process is generally not required by other Linux distributions. Although this is widely regarded as a complex task, Gentoo provides documentation and tools
A [[Live USB]] of Gentoo Linux can be created manually, by using [[List of tools to create Live USB systems|various tools]], or with [[Dd (Unix)|dd]] as described in the [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/LiveUSB/Guide#dd handbook].
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* ''Stage3'' begins with a minimal set of compiled user software, with which the [[kernel (operating system)|kernel]] and any other additional software are then configured and compiled.
Since October 2005, only the stage3 installations have been officially supported, due to the inherent complexities of bootstrapping from earlier stages (which requires resolving and then breaking numerous [[
===Gentoo Reference Platform===
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! Date/info
|-
| Unreal Tournament 2003 LiveCD || {{dts|2002-09-18|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=
|-
| 10.0 || {{dts|2009-10-04|format=mdy}}<ref name="10-years">{{cite web |url=https://www.gentoo.org/news/20091004-gentoo-10-years.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Ten Years Compiling: 1999–2009 |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2009-10-04 |access-date=2018-02-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222231552/https://www.gentoo.org/news/20091004-gentoo-10-years.xml |archive-date=December 22, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (special edition Live DVD for the 10th anniversary)
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* [[Linux From Scratch]]
* [[T2 SDE]]
* [[Ice Hockey]]
==References==
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==External links==
{{Commons
* {{Official website|https://www.gentoo.org/}}
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[[Category:Gentoo Linux| ]]
[[Category:2002 software]]
[[Category:Source-based Linux distributions]]
[[Category:X86-64 Linux distributions]]
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