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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2023}}
[[File:Ubuntu
A '''Linux distribution''',{{efn|Sometimes called a '''GNU/Linux distribution''', with some [[GNU/Linux naming controversy|related controversy]]}} often abbreviated as '''distro''', is an [[operating system]] that includes the [[Linux kernel]] for its [[kernel (operating system)|kernel]] functionality. Although the name does not imply [[distribution (marketing)|product distribution]] per se, a distro—if distributed on its own—is often obtained via a [[website]] intended specifically for the purpose. Distros have been designed for a wide variety of systems ranging from [[personal computer]]s (for example, [[Linux Mint]]) to [[Server (computing)|servers]] (for example, [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]]) and from [[embedded device]]s (for example, [[OpenWrt]]) to [[supercomputer]]s (for example, [[Rocks Cluster Distribution]]).
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Early distributions included:
* Torvalds' "''Boot-Root''" images, later maintained by Jim Winstead Jr., the aforementioned disk image pair with the kernel and the absolute minimal tools to get started (4 November 1991)<ref>[https://www.kclug.org/old_archives/linux-activists/1991/dec/1/0002.shtml linux-0.11 available]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.95a|title=RELNOTES-0.95a}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nico/archive.git/commit/?id=be068f1a017608faa9b4a0652686426df2e87689|title=kernel/git/nico/archive.git - Archive of old Linux versions since v0.01|website=git.kernel.org}}</ref><ref name="ovoFu">{{Cite web|last1=Klemmer |first1=Joe |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/91371/|title=A Short History of Linux Distributions [LWN.net]|website=lwn.net|date=June 30, 2004 |access-date=2018-09-30|archive-date=June 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623113052/https://lwn.net/Articles/91371/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[MCC Interim Linux]] (3 March 1992)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tech-insider.org/linux/research/1992/0225-b.html|title=interim release|website=www.tech-insider.org}}</ref>
* [[Softlanding Linux System]] (SLS) which included the X Window System and was the most comprehensive distribution for a short time (15 August 1992)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tech-insider.org/linux/research/1992/0812.html|title=SLS: Free Linux Distribution|website=www.tech-insider.org}}</ref>
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** [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] (RHEL), a derivative of Fedora Linux, maintained and commercially supported by Red Hat. It seeks to provide tested, secure, and stable Linux server and workstation support to businesses.
* [[openSUSE]], a community distribution mainly sponsored by German company [[SUSE S.A.|SUSE]].
** [[
* [[Arch Linux]], a [[rolling release]] distribution targeted at experienced Linux users and maintained by a volunteer community, offers official binary packages and a wide range of unofficial user-submitted source packages. Packages are usually defined by a single [[PKGBUILD]] text file.
** [[Manjaro Linux]], a derivative of Arch Linux that includes a graphical installer and other ease-of-use features for less experienced Linux users.
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==Interdistribution issues==
The [[Free Standards Group]] was an organization formed by major software and hardware vendors that aims to improve interoperability between different distributions. Among their proposed standards are the [[Linux Standard Base]], which defines a common [[Application binary interface|ABI]] and packaging system for Linux, and the [[Filesystem Hierarchy Standard]] which recommends a standard filenaming chart, notably the basic directory names found on the root of the tree of any Linux filesystem. Those standards, however, see limited use, even among the distributions developed by members of the organization.<ref>{{
The diversity of Linux distributions means that not all software runs on all distributions, depending on what libraries and other system attributes are required. [[Linux package formats|Packaged software]] and software repositories are usually specific to a particular distribution, though cross-installation is sometimes possible on closely related distributions.<ref>{{
==Installation==
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Desktop usage statistical reports for particular Linux distributions have been collected and published since July 2014<ref name="y9sXd">{{cite web|author=A. Ponomarenko|title=Linux Hardware Trends|url=https://linux-hardware.org/?view=trends|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920064241/https://github.com/linuxhw/Trends|archive-date=September 20, 2020|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> by the Linux Hardware Project.
[[Statcounter]], a web traffic analysis company, within the ''operating system market share'', showed that the Linux operating systems had, according to them,
==See also==
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