Content deleted Content added
Baqotun0023 (talk | contribs) m It seems that part is not needed |
Baqotun0023 (talk | contribs) →Religion: g |
||
| (46 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Province
{{Use American English|date=June 2020}}<!-- Please do not change it -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<!-- Please do not change it -->
Line 15:
| image_shield = Coat of arms of East Java.svg
| image_flag = <!-- Flag was removed (vectorised) as per a [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Indonesia/Archive 9#Province infobox photos.svg..|consensus]] at WikiProject Indonesia -->
| shield_size =
| flag_size =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Indonesia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Java]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 25 February 1950
| seat_type = Capital<br />{{nobold|and largest city}}
| seat = [[Surabaya]]
| motto = {{lang|
| government_footnotes =
| governing_body = East Java Provincial Government
Line 28 ⟶ 32:
| leader_title2 = Vice Governor
| leader_name2 = [[Emil Dardak]]
| leader_title3 = [[Regional House of Representatives|Legislature]]
| leader_name3 = [[East Java Regional House of Representatives]] (DPRD)
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes =
Line 42 ⟶ 48:
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref>tags -->
| demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|Ethnic groups]] {{nobold|(2010)}}<ref name="SUKU">{{cite web |url=http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf |title=Kewarganegaraan Suku Bangsa, Agama, Bahasa 2010 |website=demografi.bps.go.id|publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]|year=2010|accessdate=17 October 2021 |pages=23, 36–41|archive-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712140438/http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Western Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +7
Line 51 ⟶ 57:
| elevation_max_m = 3676
| elevation_max_point = [[Mount Semeru]]
| demographics1_info1 =
{{Tree list}}
** 1.64% [[Protestantism in Indonesia|Protestantism]]
▲| demographics1_info2 = * 97.26% [[Islam]]
** 0.66% [[Catholicism in Indonesia|Catholicism]]
{{Tree list/end}}
0.25% [[Hinduism in Java|Hinduism]]<br>0.17% [[Buddhism in Indonesia|Buddhism]]<br>0.02% [[Religion in Indonesia|other]] (including [[Confucianism in Indonesia|Confucianism]], [[Kejawèn]], [[Kapitayan]], etc.)
| demographics1_info3 =[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (official)<br>[[Javanese language|Javanese]] (native)<br>[[Madurese language|Madurese]]<br>[[Kangean language|Kangean]]
▲* 0.01% Others (including [[Confucianism]], [[Kejawen]], [[Kapitayan]], etc.)<ref name="RELIGION">{{cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|publisher=[[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]|date=31 August 2022|access-date=29 October 2023|language=id}}</ref>
| blank_name = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] (nominal)
| blank_info = 2022<ref name="bpsdata2022">{{Cite web |author=Badan Pusat Statistik |author-link=Statistics Indonesia |year=2023 |title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2020–2022 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/52/286/1/-seri-2010-produk-domestik-regional-bruto-.html |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik |___location=Jakarta |language=id}}</ref>
Line 82 ⟶ 81:
}}
'''East Java''' ({{langx|id|Jawa Timur}}, {{langx|jv|ꦙꦮꦶꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀|
The province covers a land area of {{convert|48036.84|km2}}, and according to the [[2010 Indonesian census|2010 Census]], there were 37,476,757 people residing there,<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> making it [[Indonesia]]'s second-most-populous province; the [[2020 Indonesian census|2020 Census]] showed an increase to 40,665,696 people,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> while the official estimate for mid 2024 was 41,914,499 (comprising 20,848,660 males and 20,965,880 females).<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.35)</ref> Almost a quarter of the population lives inside the [[Greater Surabaya]] metropolitan area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ArcGIS Web Application |url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/ |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705211227/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/ |url-status=live }}</ref> East Java is inhabited by many different ethnic groups, such as the [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Madurese people|Madurese]] and [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]]. Most of the people in East Java adhere to [[Islam]], forming around 94% of the total population. Other religions are also practiced, such as [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Confucianism]] which are mostly practised by [[Chinese Indonesians|Tionghoa]] people and immigrants from [[Eastern Indonesia]] and [[North Sumatra]], and also [[Hinduism]] which are practised by the [[Tenggerese people]] in the [[Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park]] and the [[Balinese people]] inhabiting the easternmost part of the province bordering [[Bali]] as well as the dominant minority [[Indian Indonesians]] in [[Surabaya]] city.
Line 138 ⟶ 137:
This military action ended after the [[Renville Agreement]]. However, this agreement reduced the territory controlled by the East Java provincial government. The Netherlands then turned the areas under its control into new federal states, the [[State of Madura]] and the [[State of East Java]]. Amid the difficulties faced by the government of Indonesia, a left-wing opposition group, ''Front Demokrasi Rakyat'' (FDR, People's Democratic Front) launched [[Madiun Affair|rebellion in Madiun]] on 18 September 1948. However, eventually this revolt was defeated by the [[Indonesian Army]]. On 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched [[Operation Kraai]]. Blitar, the seat of the East Java provincial government was attacked by the Dutch. Governor Moerdjani and his staff were forced to flee and joined the guerrillas on the slopes of [[Mount Wilis]]. Operation Kraai ended after the [[Roem–Van Roijen Agreement]] on 7 May 1949.
Following the [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference]], at which the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty to the [[United States of Indonesia]], the Dutch withdrew its troops from East Java. East Java changed its status from a province into a state. However, on 25 February 1950, this was dissolved and became part of the territory of the [[Republic of Indonesia (
=== Contemporary era ===
Line 291 ⟶ 290:
|0.718 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
▲| colspan="2" |'''''Southern region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 12393.81}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 8953362}}'''''
Line 368 ⟶ 366:
|0.704 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
▲| colspan="2" |'''''Tapal Kuda ("horseshoe")/<br>Eastern region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 13691.36}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 7130485}}'''''
Line 453 ⟶ 450:
|0.767 ({{fontcolor|green|High}})
|-
▲| colspan="2" |'''''Surabaya region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 6606.19}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 8901786}}'''''
Line 540 ⟶ 536:
|0.645 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
▲| colspan="2" |'''''Northwest region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 9937.04}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 6550065}}'''''
Line 548 ⟶ 543:
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 7574170}}'''''
|-
▲| colspan="2" |'''East Java <br />(excluding Madura) totals'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum: 42628.39}}'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum: 31535693}}'''
Line 596 ⟶ 590:
|0.614 ({{fontcolor|#fc0|Medium}})
|-
▲| colspan="2" |'''''Madura region totals'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 5408.45}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 3230300}}'''''
Line 604 ⟶ 597:
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 4156661}}'''''
|-
▲| colspan="2" |'''''Total for all regions'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 48036.84}}'''''
| align="right" |'''''{{formatnum: 34765993}}'''''
Line 629 ⟶ 621:
* The '''East Java XI Electoral District''' consists of the regencies of Bangkalan, Pamekasan, Sampang and Sumenep (all on Madura Island), and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council.
==
{{Historical populations|1971|25516999|1980|29188852|1990|32503991|1995|33844002|2000|34783640|2010|37476757|2015|38828061|2020|40665696|2023|41527930|type=|footnote=Source: [[Badan Pusat Statistik]] 2011, 2021 and 2024.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.35)</ref>}} According to the 2000 [[census]], East Java had 34,765,993 people, which increased to 37,476,757 people at the 2010 Census,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jawapos.com/halaman/index.php?act=detail&nid=151080 |title=Archived copy |website=jawapos.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307211745/http://www.jawapos.com/halaman/index.php?act=detail&nid=151080 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and to 40,665,595 at the 2020 Census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> making it the second most populous Indonesian province after [[West Java]]. The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 41,527,930.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.35)</ref>
Akin to [[Central Java]], the region's birth rates are not necessarily any lower than the rest of Java, however due to net population outflows, especially in times of calamity, not limited to volcanic eruptions or droughts, the region has varying rates of population growth that are generally lower than national average. Ethnic [[Javanese people|Javanese]] dominate the Java mainland as well as the total population of the province overall, while ethnic [[Madurese people|Madurese]] (include [[Bawean people|Bawean]]) inhabit Madura and the [[Kangean people|Kangean]] and Masalembu archipelagos, though centuries of migrations have led the Java mainland to have a larger proportion of Madurese people than Madura itself. Minorities include distinct Javanese ethnicities such as the [[Tenggerese people|Tengger]] people in the [[Mount Bromo]] region,
=== Ethnic and linguistic composition ===
Line 650 ⟶ 642:
|color4 = Black
}}
Besides the national language ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]), the people of East Java predominantly use the [[Javanese language|Javanese]] in daily life. Javanese as spoken in the western part of East Java (''Kulonan'') is a similar dialect to the one spoken in [[Central Java]], with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. In the eastern part, such as Surabaya, Malang, and others, a more egalitarian version of Javanese is spoken, with less regard of hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity. The dialect is notable for its roughness compared to other dialects spoken elsewhere in Java (especially the
Other than Javanese, minority language includes [[Madurese language|Madurese]], spoken by around 4 million ethnic Madurese people inhabiting the [[Madura Island]]s, as well as the [[eastern salient of Java]] area; though they live practically next door with the Javanese, the language is actually more closer genetically to Balinese, and [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Madurese-language |title=Madurese language |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2018-09-26 |language=en |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926210011/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Madurese-language |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Religion===
Line 658 ⟶ 650:
A remnant of Hindu tradition and syncretic ''[[abangan]]'' exists because of Islamic and Hinduism acculturation in Java.<gallery>
File:
File:
File:Facade of East Java Christian Church, Mojowarno, Jombang, 2017-09-18.jpg|Traditional [[East Java Christian Church]], Mojowarno, [[Jombang Regency|Jombang]]
File:Bromo
File:001 Main Temple (25595087247).jpg|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] Maha Vihara Mojopahit, [[Trowulan]], [[Mojokerto Regency|Mojokerto]]
File:Inside Kwan Sing Bio Temple, Tuban, East Java, Indonesia.jpg|Kwan Sing Bio [[Chinese temple architecture|Chinese Temple]], [[Tuban Regency|Tuban]]
Line 669 ⟶ 661:
{{Pie chart
| caption=East Java GDP share by sector (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/publication/2023/02/28/446036fbb58d36b009212dbc/provinsi-jawa-timur-dalam-angka-2023.html|title=Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2023|publisher=Statistics Indonesia|access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref>
| label1 =
| value1 =
| color1 =
| label2 = Manufacturing
| value2 = 30.60
Line 678 ⟶ 670:
| value3 = 13.78
| color3 = Yellow
| label4 =
| value4 =
| color4 =
}}
[[File:Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya.jpg|thumb|[[Surabaya]] is one of the industrial, transportational, commercial, and financial center of Indonesia.]]
East Java is known as the hub and center economy of [[Regions of Indonesia|Central and Eastern Indonesia]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/707800/khofifah-perekonomian-indonesia-timur-bergantung-jawa-timur |title=Khofifah: Perekonomian Indonesia Timur bergantung Jawa Timur |last=antaranews.com |website=Antara News |date=7 May 2018 |language=id |access-date=2019-02-02 |archive-date=13 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713035142/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/707800/khofifah-perekonomian-indonesia-timur-bergantung-jawa-timur |url-status=live }}</ref> and has a high economic significance, which contributes over 15% to the [[Gross domestic product|Gross Domestic Product]] of Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jatim.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/07/06/39/pdrb-provinsi-jawa-timur-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku-menurut-lapangan-usaha-sub-kategori-tahun-2010-2016-milyar-rupiah-.html |title=PDRB Provinsi Jawa Timur Atas Dasar Harga Berlaku Menurut Lapangan Usaha (Sub Kategori) Tahun 2010–2016 (Milyar Rupiah) |website=jatim.bps.go.id |language=id |access-date=2019-02-02 |archive-date=2 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202212023/https://jatim.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/07/06/39/pdrb-provinsi-jawa-timur-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku-menurut-lapangan-usaha-sub-kategori-tahun-2010-2016-milyar-rupiah-.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=== Industry ===
Line 693 ⟶ 685:
== Transportation ==
=== Roads ===
[[File:
East Java is crossed by several national roads as primary arterial roads, including the northern coastal national road or locally known as [[North Coast Road (Java)|''pantura'' road]] ([[Anyer]]-[[Jakarta]]-[[Semarang]]-[[Surabaya]]-[[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]]),<ref name="nas">{{cite conference |author=Peter Nas |title=Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, the Great Mail Road, Jalan Raya Pos |book-title=In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |volume=158 |issue=4 |pages=707–725 |year=2002 |url=http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf |access-date=2007-10-25 |archive-date=27 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327110211/http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and inland national roads (Jakarta-[[Bandung]]-[[Yogyakarta]]-Surabaya). The expressway network in East Java covers the [[Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road|Surabaya-Gempol Toll Road]]; [[Gempol–Pandaan Toll Road|Gempol-Pandaan]]; [[Pandaan-Malang Toll Road|Pandaan-Malang]]; [[Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road|Gempol-Pasuruan]]; and [[Pasuruan–Probolinggo Toll Road|Pasuruan-Probolinggo]] which connects the northern and middle East Java regions with the southern and [[Eastern salient of Java|eastern salient (''tapal kuda'')]], the [[Surabaya–Gresik Toll Road|Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road]] and [[Krian–Legundi–Bunder–Manyar Toll Road|Krian-Manyar Toll Road]] that connects the middle and southern East Java to the north, and the [[Surabaya–Mojokerto Toll Road|Surabaya-Mojokerto Toll Road]]; [[Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road|Mojokerto-Kertosono]];
=== Railways ===
Line 727 ⟶ 719:
In the area of ex-residency of Surabaya (including Sidoarjo, Mojokerto and Jombang), and ex-residency Malang, had little cultural influence Mataraman, considering this region is an area arek (the term for offspring Kenarok), especially in the area of Malang that make this area difficult to be affected by Mataraman culture.
[[File:Sapi Brujul Probolinggo.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Karapan sapi]] is a [[Madurese people|Madurese]] traditional bull racing festival]]
Customs in horse hooves region heavily influenced by the culture of Madura, given the magnitude of Madura tribe population in the region. Osing social mores of the culture is a blend of Java, Madura and Bali. While the Tenggerese tribe is heavily influenced by Hindu culture.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2016/12/27/ini-keunikan-yang-hanya-dimiliki-masyarakat-jawa-timur|title=Ini Keunikan yang Hanya Dimiliki Masyarakat Jawa Timur {{!}} Good News from Indonesia|last=Budi|first=Arifina|work=Good News From Indonesia|access-date=2018-11-07|language=id|archive-date=7 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145221/https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2016/12/27/ini-keunikan-yang-hanya-dimiliki-masyarakat-jawa-timur|url-status=live}}</ref>
Line 756 ⟶ 749:
East Java is the province with the highest number of public universities in Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2015/09/14/1839/jumlah-perguruan-tinggi-mahasiswa-dan-tenaga-edukatif-negeri-dan-swasta-di-bawah-kementrian-pendidikan-dan-kebudayaan-menurut-provinsi-2013-2014-2014-2015.html |title=Jumlah Perguruan Tinggi, Mahasiswa, dan Tenaga Edukatif (Negeri dan Swasta) di Bawah Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Menurut Provinsi tahun ajaran 2013/2014-2014/2015 |last=Statistics Indonesia|author-link=Statistics Indonesia |website=www.bps.go.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317172550/https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2015/09/14/1839/jumlah-perguruan-tinggi-mahasiswa-dan-tenaga-edukatif-negeri-dan-swasta-di-bawah-kementrian-pendidikan-dan-kebudayaan-menurut-provinsi-2013-2014-2014-2015.html|archive-date=2019-03-17|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref> Three major cities for universities are [[Surabaya]], [[Malang]], and [[Jember]]; there is also a university at [[Bangkalan]] on Madura island. Among them, notable university which are:
* [[Airlangga University]]
* [[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]▼
* [[Brawijaya University]]
▲* [[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]
* [[State University of Surabaya]]
* [[State University of Malang]]
* [[Trunojoyo University]]
* [[University of Jember]]
* [[National Development University "Veteran" of East Java]]
* [[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|UIN Sunan Ampel]]▼
* [[
* [[University of Surabaya]]
* [[Petra Christian University]]▼
* [[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya|Wijaya Kusuma University]]
* [[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]
▲* [[Petra Christian University]]
Another important form of education that is available in most cities in East Java is the ''[[pesantren]].'' This is a kind of socio-education organized by [[Ulama|Islamic clerics]], and associated with local or national Muslim organizations. [[Jombang Regency|Jombang]] and [[Ponorogo Regency|Ponorogo]] is a famous region for its pesantren.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfDFAAAAQBAJ&q=famous+pesantren&pg=PA66 |title=A Peaceful Jihad: Negotiating Identity and Modernity in Muslim Java |last=Lukens-Bull |first=R. |date=2005-05-12 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4039-8029-8 |language=en |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501012204/https://books.google.com/books?id=qfDFAAAAQBAJ&q=famous+pesantren&pg=PA66 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Indonesian Naval Academy (''Akademi Angkatan Laut'') located in Surabaya.
Line 776 ⟶ 770:
*[[Jawa Pos]] Group, one of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia, based in Surabaya
*''[[Surya]]'', newspaper based in Surabaya (owned by [[Kompas]] Group)
*[[:id:Suara Surabaya|Suara Surabaya]] (E100 FM),
*[[IDN Times]], multiplatform media for millennials and generation z people
| |||