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[[File:UnoConnections.jpg|thumb|An official Arduino Uno R2 with descriptions of the I/O locations]]
The Arduino board exposes most of the microcontroller's I/O pins for use by other circuits. The ''Diecimila'',{{Efn|name="N10000"|''Diecimila'' means "ten thousand" in Italian}} ''Duemilanove'',{{Efn|name="N2009"|''Duemilanove'' means "two thousand and nine" in Italian}} and current ''Uno''{{Efn|name="N1"|''Uno'' means "one" in Italian}} provide 14 digital I/O pins, six of which can produce [[pulse-width modulation|pulse-width modulated]](PWM) signals, and six [[Analog signal|analog]] inputs, which can also be used as six digital I/O pins. These pins are on the top of the board, via female 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) headers. Several plug-in application shields are also commercially available. The Arduino Nano and Arduino-compatible Bare Bones Board<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bare Bones Board (BBB) Kit |url=http://moderndevice.com/product/bare-bones-board-bbb-kit/ |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=moderndevice.com |archive-date=30 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730012610/http://moderndevice.com/product/bare-bones-board-bbb-kit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Boarduino<ref>{{Cite web |title=DC Boarduino (Arduino compatible) Kit (w/ATmega328) - v1.0 |url=https://www.adafruit.com/products/72 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=adafruit.com}}</ref> boards may provide male header pins on the underside of the board that can plug into solderless [[breadboard]]s.
Many Arduino-compatible and Arduino-derived boards exist. Some are functionally equivalent to an Arduino and can be used interchangeably. Many enhance the basic Arduino by adding output drivers, often for use in school-level education,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Di Tore |first1=Stefano |last2=Todino |first2=Michele |last3=Sibilio |first3=Maurizio |date=2019-04-30 |title=Disuffo: Design, prototyping, and development of an open-source educational robot |url=https://oaj.fupress.net/index.php/formare/article/view/3792 |journal=Form@re - Open Journal per la Formazione in Rete |language=it |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=106–116 |doi=10.13128/FORMARE-24446|s2cid=181368197 }}</ref> to simplify making buggies and small robots. Others are electrically equivalent, but change the form factor, sometimes retaining compatibility with shields, sometimes not. Some variants use different processors, of varying compatibility.
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