Microsoft SQL Server: Difference between revisions

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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}

{{Infobox software

| name = Microsoft SQL Server

| logo = Microsoft SQL Server 2025 = icon.svg

| screenshot = =

| caption =

| developer = [[Microsoft]]

| released = {{Start date and years ago|1989|4|24}}, as SQL Server 1.0

| latest release version = {{Microsoft SQL Server version}} (CU16CU18 16.0.41654185.43)<ref>[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/sql/releases/download-and-install-latest-updates Latest updates and version history for SQL Server]</ref>

| latest release date = {{Microsoft SQL Server version|releasedate}}

| programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]]<ref name="Lextrait" />

| operating system = [[Linux]], [[Microsoft Windows Server]], [[Microsoft Windows]]

| platform =

| language = English, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese (Brazil), Russian, Spanish and Indonesian<ref name="Download Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2" />

| genre = [[Relational database management system]]

| license = [[Proprietary software]]

| website = {{URL|https://www.microsoft.com/sql-server}}

}}

'''Microsoft SQL Server''' (Structured Query Language) is a proprietary [[relational database management system]] developed by [[Microsoft]] using [[SQL|Structured Query Language]] (SQL, often pronounced "sequel"). As a [[database server]], it is a [[software product]] with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other [[software application]]s—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet). Microsoft markets at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at different audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications with many [[concurrent user]]s.

== History ==

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=== Currently ===

{{As of|2025|01}}, the following versions are supported by Microsoft: <ref name="SQL Server End of Support Options">{{cite web |date=Jan 2, 2025 |title= SQL Server end of support options|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/end-of-support/sql-server-end-of-support-overview?view=sql-server-ver16 |access-date=Jan 18, 2025 |website=learn.microsoft.com |publisher=learn.microsoft.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

* SQL Server 2016

* SQL Server 2017

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; LocalDB: Introduced in SQL Server Express 2012, LocalDB is a minimal, on-demand, version of SQL Server that is designed for application developers.<ref name="LocalDB" /> It can also be used as an embedded database.<ref name="localdbblog" />

;Analytics Platform System (APS): Formerly Parallel Data Warehouse (PDW) A [[massively parallel|massively parallel processing]] (MPP) SQL Server appliance optimized for large-scale [[data warehouse|data warehousing]] such as hundreds of terabytes.<ref name="Analytics Platform System" />

;Datawarehouse Appliance Edition: Pre-installed and configured as part of an appliance in partnership with Dell & HP base on the Fast Track architecture. This edition does not include SQL Server Integration Services, Analysis Services, or Reporting Services. SQLCMD

===Discontinued editions===

;[[Microsoft Data Engine]]: Version 1.0 is based on SQL Server version 7.0.<ref>[http://images10.newegg.com/UploadFilesForNewegg/itemintelligence/Microsoft/ChoosEd1404197295752.doc Choosing an Edition of SQL Server 2000]</ref> Afterwards, it was replaced by Microsoft SQL Server Data Engine.

;[[Microsoft SQL Server Data Engine]]: Also called Desktop Engine, Desktop Edition, it is based on SQL Server 2000. Intended for use as an application component, it did not include GUI management tools. Later, Microsoft also made available a web admin tool. Included with some versions of [[Microsoft Access]], Microsoft development tools, and other editions of SQL Server.<ref name="sqlmag.com">{{Cite web |title=IT Pro |url=http://sqlmag.com/database-development/msde-demystified }}</ref> Intended for use with those management and development tools, it did not include any other GUI. Later, Microsoft also made available a web admin tool. After SQL Server 2000, it was replaced by SQL Server 2005 Express Edition.

;Personal Edition: SQL Server 2000. Had workload or connection limits like MSDE, but no database size limit. Includes standard management tools. Intended for use as a mobile / disconnected proxy, licensed for use with SQL Server 2000 Standard edition.<ref name="sqlmag.com"/> Similar to Standard Edition in SQL Server 2000, but Full-Text Search not working in Windows 98, transactional replication limited to subscriber.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080319025753/http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/architec/8_ar_ts_1cdv.asp Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server 2000]}}</ref>

;Datacenter: SQL Server 2008 R2 Datacenter is a full-featured edition of SQL Server and is designed for datacenters that need high levels of application support and scalability. It supports 256 logical processors and virtually unlimited memory and comes with StreamInsight Premium edition.<ref name="StreamInsight" /> The Datacenter edition has been retired in SQL Server 2012; all of its features are available in SQL Server 2012 Enterprise Edition.<ref name="download.microsoft.com" />

;[[Windows CE]] Edition: Introduced in SQL Server 2000,<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2010 |title=Chapter 3 - Choosing an Edition of SQL Server 2000 |url=http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc917618.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101101230646/http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc917618.aspx |archive-date=November 1, 2010 |access-date=November 4, 2022 }}</ref> and was replaced by SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition.

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Tools published by Microsoft include:

*SQL Server 2000:

:* Samples:<ref name=ss2000addon>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060414164621/http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/2000/downloads/default.mspx SQL Server 2000 - Downloads]}}</ref> Northwind and pubs Sample Databases, Updated Samples for SQL Server 2000.

:* Tools: Stress Testing and Performance Analysis tools (Read80Trace and OSTRESS), PSSDIAG Data Collection Utility, Notification services (up to service pack 1), Security Tools, Best Practices Analyzer 1.0, Reporting Services (up to Service Pack 2), Reporting Services Report Packs, SQL Server 2000 Driver for JDBC (up to service pack 3), SQLXML 3.0 (up to service pack 3).

:* Documentation:<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060420044425/http://www.microsoft.com/sql/prodinfo/previousversions/proddoc.mspx SQL Server 2000 Product Documentation]}}</ref> SQL Server 2000 Books Online, SQL Server 2000 System Table Map, Resource Kit, SQL Server 2000 — Getting Started Guide.

== Architecture ==

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SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) is a report generation environment for data gathered from SQL Server databases. It is administered via a web interface. Reporting services features a web services interface to support the development of custom reporting applications. Reports are created as [[Report Definition Language|RDL]] files.<ref name="SQL Server Reporting Services" />

Reports can be designed using recent versions of [[Microsoft Visual Studio]] (Visual Studio.NET 2003, 2005, and 2008)<ref name="Reporting Services" /> with [[Business Intelligence Development Studio]], installed or with the included [[Report Builder]]. Once created, RDL files can be rendered in a variety of formats,<ref name="Render Method" /><ref name="Device Information Settings" /> including Excel, [[PDF]], [[Comma-separated values|CSV]], [[XML]], [[BMP file format|BMP]], [[Windows Metafile|EMF]], [[GIF]], [[JPEG]], [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]], and [[TIFF]],<ref name="Image Device Information Settings" /> and HTML Web Archive.

=== Notification Services ===

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{{Main|Business Intelligence Development Studio}}

[[Business Intelligence Development Studio]] (BIDS) is the [[Integrated Development Environment|IDE]] from [[Microsoft]] used for developing data analysis and Business Intelligence solutions utilizing the Microsoft [[SQL Server Analysis Services]], [[SQL Server Reporting Services|Reporting Services]] and [[SQL Server Integration Services|Integration Services]]. It is based on the [[Microsoft Visual Studio]] development environment but is customized with the SQL Server services-specific extensions and project types, including tools, controls and projects for reports (using Reporting Services), [[OLAP cube|Cubes]] and [[data mining]] structures (using Analysis Services).<ref name="Business Intelligence Development Studio" /> For SQL Server 2012 and later, this IDE has been renamed SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT).

== See also ==

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<ref name="Merge Replication">{{ cite web | url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms152746.aspx | title = Merge Replication Overview | access-date = December 3, 2007 }}</ref>

<ref name="Snapshot replication">{{ cite web | url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms151832.aspx | title = Snapshot replication Overview | access-date = December 3, 2007 }}</ref>

<ref name="SSAS">{{ cite web | url = http://www.agiledesignllc.com/Products | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110929151255/http://www.agiledesignllc.com/Products | url-status = usurped | archive-date = September 29, 2011 | title = SSAS Entity Framework Provider | access-date = September 29, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="Analysis Services">{{ cite web | url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174918.aspx | title = Analysis Services Architecture | access-date = December 3, 2007 }}</ref>

<ref name="Data Mining">{{ cite web | url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174949.aspx | title = Data Mining Concepts | access-date = December 3, 2007 }}</ref>