Content deleted Content added
→Genesis: Gates praises Sybase |
|||
| (8 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 178:
|15.0
|November 4, 2019
|{{version|
|{{version|co|January 8, 2030}}
|SQL Server 2019
Line 198:
==Detailed history==
===Genesis===
Scheduled for the second half of 1988,<ref name="mace19880118">{{Cite magazine|last=Mace|first=Scott|date=18 January 1988|title=Ashton-Tate, Microsoft Join Forces To Introduce SQL Database Server|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1|access-date=2025-05-25|magazine=[[InfoWorld]]|pages=1,8|volume=10|issue=3}}</ref> it was released in 1989.<ref>{{cite book|last=Harris|first=Scott|author2=Curtis Preston|title=Backup & Recovery: Inexpensive Backup Solutions for Open Systems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9mbAgAAQBAJ&q=origins+of+SQL+Server+Sybase&pg=PA562|year=2007|publisher=O'Reilly|isbn=978-0596102463|page=562}}</ref> This was the first version of Microsoft SQL Server, and served as Microsoft's entry to the enterprise-level database market, competing against Oracle, IBM, Informix, Ingres and later, Sybase. SQL Server 4.2 was shipped in 1992, bundled with OS/2 version 1.3, followed by version 4.21 for [[Windows NT]], released alongside Windows NT 3.1. SQL Server 6.0 was the first version designed for NT, and did not include any direction from Sybase.
About the time [[Windows NT]] was released in July 1993, Sybase and Microsoft parted ways and each pursued its own design and marketing schemes. Microsoft negotiated exclusive rights to all versions of SQL Server written for Microsoft operating systems. (In 1996 Sybase changed the name of its product to [[Adaptive Server Enterprise]] to avoid confusion with Microsoft SQL Server.) Until 1994, Microsoft's SQL Server carried three Sybase copyright notices as an indication of its origin.▼
▲Sybase revenue grew quickly during the late 1980s from the Microsoft relationship.{{r|rdbmsingressybase20070613}} About the time [[Windows NT]] was released in July 1993, Sybase and Microsoft parted ways and each pursued its own design and marketing schemes. Microsoft negotiated exclusive rights to all versions of SQL Server written for Microsoft operating systems. (In 1996 Sybase changed the name of its product to [[Adaptive Server Enterprise]] to avoid confusion with Microsoft SQL Server.) Until 1994, Microsoft's SQL Server carried three Sybase copyright notices as an indication of its origin.
===SQL Server 7.0===
[[File:Microsoft_SQL_Server_7.0_Setup_Splash_Screen.jpg|thumb|right|SQL Server 7.0 Splash Screen]]
After problems at its main rivals, SQL Server became Oracle's most important competitor.<ref name="rdbmslateryears20070612">{{Cite interview|interviewer=Burton Grad|title=RDBMS Plenary Session: The Later Years|url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102701921-05-01-acc.pdf|access-date=2025-05-30|publisher=Computer History Museum|date=2007-06-12}}</ref> SQL Server 7.0 was a major rewrite (using C++) of the older Sybase engine, which was coded in C. Data pages were enlarged from 2k bytes to 8k bytes. Extents thereby grew from 16k bytes to 64k bytes. User Mode Scheduling (UMS) was introduced to handle SQL Server threads better than Windows preemptive multi-threading, also adding support for fibers (lightweight threads, introduced in NT 4.0, which are used to avoid context switching<ref>{{cite web|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa175393%28v=sql.80%29.aspx|title=Developer tools, technical documentation and coding examples}}</ref>). SQL Server 7.0 also introduced a multi-dimensional database product called SQL OLAP Services (which became Analysis Services in SQL Server 2000).
SQL Server 7.0 would be the last version to run on the DEC Alpha platform. Although there were pre-release versions of SQL 2000 (as well as Windows 2000) compiled for Alpha, these were canceled and were never commercially released. Mainstream support ended on December 31, 2005, and extended support ended on January 11, 2011.
Line 224 ⟶ 227:
===SQL Server 2005===
SQL Server 2005 (formerly codenamed "Yukon") was released in November 2005, introducing native support for [[x86-64|x64]] systems and updates to Reporting Services, Analysis Services & Integration Services.<ref name="The Definitive Guide to Scaling Out SQL Server 2005">{{cite book
[[Common Language Runtime]] (CLR) integration was introduced with this version, enabling one to write SQL code as Managed Code by the CLR. For relational data, [[T-SQL]] has been augmented with error handling features (try/catch) and support for recursive queries with CTEs (Common Table Expressions). SQL Server 2005 has also been enhanced with new indexing algorithms, syntax and better error recovery systems. Data pages are [[checksum]]med for better error resiliency, and optimistic concurrency support has been added for better performance. Permissions and access control have been made more granular and the query processor handles concurrent execution of queries in a more efficient way. Partitions on tables and indexes are supported natively, so scaling out a database onto a [[Cluster (computing)|cluster]] is easier. SQL CLR was introduced with SQL Server 2005 to let it integrate with the .NET Framework.<ref name="Database Engine Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms170910.aspx|title=Database Engine Enhancements|accessdate=December 3, 2007}}</ref>
Line 234 ⟶ 237:
* DMVs (Dynamic Management Views), specialized views and functions that return server state information that can be used to monitor the health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and tune performance.<ref name="Dynamic Management Views and Functions">[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188754.aspx Dynamic Management Views and Functions. retrieved June 6, 2010]</ref>
Service Pack 1 (SP1) was released on April 18, 2006, adding Database Mirroring, a high availability option that provides redundancy and failover capabilities at the database level<ref name="database mirroring">{{cite web
Mainstream support for SQL Server 2005 ended on April 12, 2011, and Extended support for SQL Server 2005 ended on April 12, 2016.
Line 243 ⟶ 246:
Other new data types include specialized date and time types and a ''Spatial'' data type for ___location-dependent data.<ref name="iWeek">{{cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199500164&subSection=Development|title=Microsoft Gives Peek At Next Version Of SQL Server|accessdate=May 11, 2007|archive-date=October 11, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011225111/http://informationweek.com/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199500164&subSection=Development|url-status=dead}}</ref> Better support for unstructured and semi-structured data is provided using the new ''FILESTREAM''<ref name="mary">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.zdnet.com/microsoft/?p=937|title=One more test build to go for SQL Server 2008|accessdate=November 13, 2006|archive-date=June 23, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623135221/http://blogs.zdnet.com/microsoft/?p=937|url-status=dead}}</ref> data type, which can be used to reference any file stored on the file system.<ref name="Kummert">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/stevengu/archive/2007/11/13/guest-blogger-ted-kummert.aspx|title=Guest Blogger: Ted Kummert|accessdate=November 20, 2007}}</ref> Structured data and metadata about the file is stored in SQL Server database, whereas the unstructured component is stored in the file system. Such files can be accessed both via [[Win32]] file handling [[API]]s as well as via SQL Server using [[T-SQL]]; doing the latter accesses the file data as a BLOB. Backing up and restoring the database backs up or restores the referenced files as well.<ref name="kleinerman">{{cite web|url=http://channel9.msdn.com/Showpost.aspx?postid=387069|title=SQL Server 2008 for developers|author=Christian Kleinerman|publisher=[[Channel 9 (Microsoft)|Channel 9]]|accessdate=March 7, 2008}}</ref> SQL Server 2008 also natively supports hierarchical data, and includes [[T-SQL]] constructs to directly deal with them, without using recursive queries.<ref name="kleinerman"/>
The [[full-text search]] functionality has been integrated with the database engine. According to a Microsoft technical article, this simplifies management and improves performance.<ref name="Full-Text Search">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc721269.aspx|title=SQL Server 2008 Full-Text Search: Internals and Enhancements|author=Fernando Azpeitia Lopez|date=September 4, 2009
Spatial data will be stored in two types. A "Flat Earth" (GEOMETRY or planar) data type represents geospatial data which has been projected from its native, spherical, coordinate system into a plane. A "Round Earth" data type (GEOGRAPHY) uses an ellipsoidal model in which the Earth is defined as a single continuous entity which does not suffer from the singularities such as the international dateline, poles, or map projection zone "edges". Approximately 70 methods are available to represent spatial operations for the Open Geospatial Consortium [[Simple Features for SQL]], Version 1.1.<ref name="Spatial Support">{{cite web|url=http://www.directionsmag.com/editorials.php?article_id=2477&trv=1|title=Microsoft Shares Details on SQL Server 2008 Spatial Support by Directions Staff|accessdate=September 7, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808001216/http://www.directionsmag.com/editorials.php?article_id=2477&trv=1|archivedate=August 8, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Line 251 ⟶ 254:
The final SQL Server 2008 service pack (10.00.6000, Service Pack 4) was released on September 30, 2014.<ref name="Service Pack 4">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlreleaseservices/archive/2014/09/30/sql-server-2008-service-pack-4-has-released.aspx|website=SQL Release Services Blog|title=SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 4 has released|accessdate=October 1, 2014}}</ref>
SQL Server 2008 had mainstream support until July 8, 2014, and extended support until July 9, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2008 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2008|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref> [[volume licensing|Volume licensed]] Standard, Web, Enterprise, Workgroup and Datacenter editions of SQL Server 2008 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name=ESU4SQL(Doc)>{{cite web|title=What are Extended Security Updates for SQL Server?|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/sql/sql-server/end-of-support/sql-server-extended-security-updates|website=Microsoft Documentation|date=July 13, 2023}}</ref> The first term of yearly installment ended on July 14, 2020, the second term ended on July 13, 2021, and the third term ended on July 12, 2022.<ref name=SQL2008ESU(Blog)>{{cite web|title=Announcing new options for SQL Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 End of Support|first=Takeshi|last=Numoto|url=https://azure.microsoft.com/blog/announcing-new-options-for-sql-server-2008-and-windows-server-2008-end-of-support|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030193930/https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/announcing-new-options-for-sql-server-2008-and-windows-server-2008-end-of-support|date=July 12, 2018|archivedate=October 30, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Products_with_ESU>{{cite web|title=Lifecycle FAQ - Extended Security Updates|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/lifecycle/faq/extended-security-updates|website=Microsoft Documentation}}</ref> Those volume licensed editions rehosted on [[Microsoft Azure]] automatically received ESUs until July 11, 2023.<ref name=SQL2012ESU(Reminder)>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012/2012 R2 end of support|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/lifecycle/announcements/sql-server-2012-windows-server-2012-2012-r2-end-of-support|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703155353/https://20220703155353/docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/announcements/sql-server-2012-windows-server-2012-2012-r2-end-of-support|date=June 29, 2022|archivedate=July 3, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog)>{{cite web|title=Know your options for SQL Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 End of Support|first1=Debbi|last1=Lyons|first2=Vijay|last2=Kumar|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2021/07/14/know-your-options-for-sql-server-2012-and-windows-server-2012-end-of-support|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714150745/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2021/07/14/know-your-options-for-sql-server-2012-and-windows-server-2012-end-of-support|date=July 14, 2021|archivedate=July 14, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog2)>{{cite web|title=Move end-of-support SQL Server 2012 to Azure Virtual Machines and save|first=Logan|last=Carrington|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/03/24/move-end-of-support-sql-server-2012-to-azure-virtual-machines-and-save|date=March 24, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325031012/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/03/24/move-end-of-support-sql-server-2012-to-azure-virtual-machines-and-save|archivedate=March 25, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog3)>{{cite web|title=
===SQL Server 2008 R2===
SQL Server 2008 R2 (10.50.1600.1, formerly codenamed "Kilimanjaro") was announced at TechEd 2009, and was [[released to manufacturing]] on April 21, 2010.<ref name="SQL Server 2008 R2">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.technet.com/sqlserverexperts/archive/2010/04/21/sql-server-2008-r2-launches.aspx|title=SQL Server 2008 R2 Launches!|accessdate=April 21, 2010}}</ref> SQL Server 2008 R2 introduced several new features and services:<ref name="Networkworld">{{cite web
* a [[master data management]] system branded as [[Microsoft SQL Server Master Data Services|Master Data Services]], a central management of master data entities and hierarchies;
* a number of services and utilities, collectively known as Application and Multi-Server Management<ref name="Multi-Server Management">{{cite web
* [[PowerPivot]] for [[MS Excel|Excel]] and [[SharePoint]];
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/ee476990.aspx StreamInsight];
Line 267 ⟶ 270:
SQL Server 2008 R2 is the last version of SQL Server to run on [[Itanium]] (IA-64) systems, with extended support for SQL Server on Itanium continuing until 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rcpmag.com/articles/2010/04/05/microsoft-dropping-itanium-support.aspx|title=Microsoft Dropping Itanium Support -}}</ref>
SQL Server 2008 R2 had mainstream support until July 8, 2014, and extended support until July 9, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2008 R2 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2008-r2|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref> [[volume licensing|Volume licensed]] Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter and Embedded editions of SQL Server 2008 R2 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name="ESU4SQL(Doc)"
===SQL Server 2012===
Line 274 ⟶ 277:
It was announced to be the last version to natively support [[OLE DB]] and instead to prefer [[ODBC]] for native connectivity.<ref name="ODBC">{{cite web|title=Microsoft is Aligning with ODBC for Native Relational Data Access — FAQ|url=http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/sqldataaccess/thread/e696d0ac-f8e2-4b19-8a08-7a357d3d780f|work=SQL Server Forums|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=March 7, 2012|last=Lam|first=Rohan}}</ref>
SQL Server 2012's new features and enhancements include Always On SQL Server Failover Cluster Instances and Availability Groups which provides a set of options to improve database availability,<ref name="Availability Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645581(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Availability Enhancements (Database Engine)|date=May 24, 2013
SQL Server 2012 had mainstream support until July 11, 2017, and extended support until July 12, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2012 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2012|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Reminder)/> All volume licensed editions of SQL Server 2012 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name=ESU4SQL(Doc)/> The first term of yearly installment ended on July 11, 2023, the second term ended on, 2024, and the third and final term
===SQL Server 2014===
Line 289 ⟶ 292:
SQL Server 2014 SP1, consisting primarily of bugfixes, was released on May 15, 2015.<ref name="SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 1">{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 1 release information|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3058865|website=Microsoft.com|publisher=Microsoft, Inc.|accessdate=May 17, 2015}}</ref>
SQL Server 2014 is the last version available for x86/IA-32 systems<ref name="2016 Requirements">{{cite web
SQL Server 2014 had mainstream support until July 9, 2019, and extended support until July 9, 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2014 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/lifecycle/products/sql-server-2014|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref> All volume licensed editions of SQL Server 2014 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name=ESU4SQL(Doc)/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2023/09/28/protect-sql-server-2014-workloads-with-azure-flexibility|title=Protect SQL Server 2014 workloads with Azure flexibility|first=Debbi|last=Lyons|date=September 28, 2023|archivedate=October 5, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005210526/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2023/09/28/protect-sql-server-2014-workloads-with-azure-flexibility|website=Microsoft SQL Server Blog|url-status=live}}</ref> The first term of yearly installment
===SQL Server 2016===
The official General Availability (GA) release date for SQL Server 2016 (13.0.1601.5) was June 1, 2016, with SQL Server 2016 being the first version to only support x64 processors<ref name="2016 Requirements"
===SQL Server 2017===
Microsoft launched SQL Server 2017 on October 2, 2017, along with support for [[Linux]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/17/how-microsoft-brought-sql-server-to-linux|title=How Microsoft brought SQL Server to Linux|last=Lardinois|first=Frederic|date=July 17, 2017|website=TechCrunch|publisher=Oath Inc.|accessdate=September 5, 2017|quote=The company today launched the first release candidate of SQL Server 2017, which will be the first version to run on Windows, Linux and in Docker containers. The Docker container alone has already seen more than 1 million pulls, so there can be no doubt that there is a lot of interest in this new version.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/dataplatforminsider/2017/10/02/sql-server-2017-on-windows-linux-and-docker-is-now-generally-available/|title=SQL Server 2017 on Windows Linux and Docker is now generally available|date=October 2, 2017}}</ref> This is the final release supporting [[Windows Server 2012]] and [[windows Server 2012 R2|2012 R2]].<ref>{{Cite web
===SQL Server 2019===
Microsoft launched SQL Server 2019 (15.x) on November 4, 2019. SQL Server 2019 introduces Big Data Clusters for SQL Server. It also provides additional capability and improvements for the SQL Server database engine, SQL Server Analysis Services, SQL Server Machine Learning Services, SQL Server on Linux, and SQL Server Master Data Services.<ref>{{cite web|title=What's new in SQL Server 2019 (15.x)|
===SQL Server 2022===
Line 495 ⟶ 498:
|{{no}}
|-
|SQL 2019
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}} (Edge)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql-edge/deploy-portal|title=Deploy Azure SQL Edge using the Azure portal|date=January 15, 2023
|{{no}}
|-
|SQL 2022+
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
Line 503 ⟶ 517:
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
▲|{{yes}} (Edge)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql-edge/deploy-portal|title=Deploy Azure SQL Edge using the Azure portal|date=January 15, 2023 }}</ref>
|{{no}}
|}
Line 517 ⟶ 531:
[[Category:Relational database management systems]]
[[Category:Windows Server System|SQL Server]]
[[Category:Software topical history overviews|Microsoft SQL Server]]
[[Category:Software version histories|Microsoft SQL Server]]
| |||