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| designer = [[Brendan Eich]], [[Ecma International]]
| typing = [[weak typing|weak]], [[dynamic typing|dynamic]]
| implementations = [[JavaScript]], [[ActionScript]], [[JScript]], [[QtScript]],
| website = {{URL|https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-262/}}
| year = {{Start date and age|1997}}
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| owner = [[Sun Microsystems]],<br/>[[Ecma International]]
| released = {{Start date and age|1997|06}}
| latest release version = Edition
| latest release date = {{start date and age|
| genre = [[Scripting language]]
| container for =
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|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160610005241/https://books.google.com/books?id=WTZqecc9olUC
|url-status = live
}}</ref> is a standard for scripting languages, including [[JavaScript]], [[JScript]], and [[ActionScript]]. It is best known as a JavaScript standard intended to ensure the [[interoperability]] of [[web page]]s across different [[web browser]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wirfs-Brock |first1=Allen |last2=Eich |first2=Brendan |date=2020-05-02 |title=JavaScript: The First 20 Years |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages |volume=4 |issue=HOPL |pages=1–189 |doi=10.1145/3386327 |doi-access=free |s2cid=219603695}}</ref> It is standardized by [[Ecma International]] in the document [https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-262/ ECMA-262].
ECMAScript is commonly used for [[client-side scripting]] on the [[World Wide Web]], and it is increasingly being used for server-side applications and services using runtime environments
== ECMAScript, ECMA-262, JavaScript ==
'''ECMA-262''', or the ''ECMAScript Language Specification'', defines the ''ECMAScript Language'', or just '''ECMAScript'''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Guo |first=Shu-yu |date=2022-02-14 |title=ECMAScriptÂŽ 2022 Language Specification |url=https://tc39.es/ecma262/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508053013/https://tc39.es/ecma262/ |archive-date=2020-05-08 |website=tc39.es |accessdate=2022-02-14}}</ref> ECMA-262 specifies only language syntax and the semantics of the core application programming interface ([[API]]), such as {{mono|Array}}, {{mono|Function}}, and {{mono|globalThis}}, while valid implementations of JavaScript add their own functionality such as [[input/output]] and [[
== History==
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"ECMA" stood for "European Computer Manufacturers Association" until 1994.
===
{{Main|ECMAScript version history}}
Ecma's Technical Committee 39 (TC39) is responsible for the maintenance of ECMAScript.<ref>{{Citation |title=TC39 |work=Technical Committees |url=https://ecma-international.org/technical-committees/tc39 |access-date=2024-08-11 |publisher=Ecma International |language=en-US}}</ref> New proposals to the language go through a staged process, with each stage representing the completeness of the proposal's specification. Consensus must be reached within the committee to advance a proposal to the next stage. Proposals that reach stage 4, the final stage, will be included into the next version of the standard.<ref>{{Citation |title=The TC39 Process |work=TC39 |url=https://tc39.es/process-document |access-date=2024-08-11 |publisher=Ecma International}}</ref> Since the release of version 6 in June 2015, new major versions have been finalized and published every June.<ref>{{Citation |title=ECMAScript, TC39, and the History of JavaScript |work=ui.dev |url=https://ui.dev/ecmascript |access-date=2024-08-11}}</ref>
== Features ==
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=== Imperative and structured ===
ECMAScript JavaScript<!-- How to make clearer? --> supports [[C (programming language)|C]]-style structured programming. Previously, JavaScript only supported [[Scope (computer science)|function scoping]] using the keyword <code>var</code>, but ECMAScript 2015 added the keywords <code>let</code> and <code>const</code>, allowing JavaScript to support both block scoping and function scoping. JavaScript supports [[automatic semicolon insertion]], meaning that semicolons that normally terminate a statement in C may be omitted in JavaScript.<!-- Might imply EMCAScript doesn't support automatic semicolon insertion --><ref name="Flanagan2006">{{cite book
Like C-style languages, [[control flow]] is done with the {{Code|code=while}}, {{Code|code=for}}, {{Code|code=do}} / {{Code|code=while}}, {{Code|code=if}} / {{Code|code=else}}, and {{Code|code=switch}} statements.<!-- missing Labels / Functions --> Functions are weakly typed and may accept and return any type. Arguments not provided default to {{Code|code=undefined}}.
=== Weakly typed ===
ECMAScript is [[weakly typed]]. This means that certain types are assigned implicitly based on the operation being performed. However, there are several quirks in JavaScript's implementation of the conversion of a variable from one type to another.
=== Dynamic ===
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