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'''ECMAScript''' ({{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|k|m|ə|s|k|r|ɪ|p|t}}; '''ES''')<ref>{{cite book
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}}</ref> is a standard for scripting languages, including [[JavaScript]], [[JScript]], and [[ActionScript]]. It is best known as a JavaScript standard intended to ensure the [[interoperability]] of [[web page]]s across different [[web browser]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wirfs-Brock |first1=Allen |last2=Eich |first2=Brendan |date=2020-05-02 |title=JavaScript: The First 20 Years |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages |volume=4 |issue=HOPL |pages=1–189 |doi=10.1145/3386327 |doi-access=free |s2cid=219603695}}</ref> It is standardized by [[Ecma International]] in the document [https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-262/ ECMA-262].
ECMAScript is commonly used for [[client-side scripting]] on the [[World Wide Web]], and it is increasingly being used for server-side applications and services using runtime environments such as [[Node.js]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Wunder|first=C.|url=https://nodejs.org/en/docs/es6 | title=Node.js — ECMAScript 2015 (ES6) and beyond|website=Node.js}}</ref> [[Deno (software)|Deno]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3644460/deno-joins-javascript-standards-effort.html | title=Deno joins JavaScript standards effort | date=14 December 2021 }}</ref> and [[Bun (software)|Bun]].<ref>https://bun.sh/docs#:~:text=or%2C%20more%20formally%2C-,ECMAScript,-)%20is%20just%20a bun</ref>
== ECMAScript, ECMA-262, JavaScript ==
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=== Weakly typed ===
ECMAScript is [[weakly typed]]. This means that certain types are assigned implicitly based on the operation being performed. However, there are several quirks in JavaScript's implementation of the conversion of a variable from one type to another.
=== Dynamic ===
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