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{{Short description|List of Android operating system versions}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
The version history of the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[mobile operating system]] began with the public release of its first [[Beta (software)|beta]] on November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on September 23, 2008. The operating system has been developed by [[Google]] on a yearly schedule since at least 2011.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=January 30, 2023 |title=What's the Latest Version of Android? |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/345250/whats-the-latest-version-of-android/ |website=How-To Geek |first1=Joe |last1=Fedewa|date=January 12, 2023 }}</ref> New major releases are usually announced at [[Google I/O]] in May, along with beta testing, with the [[stable version]] released to the public between August and October. The most recent exception has been Android 16 with its release in June 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=July 30, 2025 |title=Google and Samsung are forever changing Android updates as we know them |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/google-samsung-forever-changing-android-updates-3581811/ |date=July 30, 2025 |website=Android Authority |first1=Joe |last1=Maring}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}
== Overview ==
{{see also|Android software development}}
The development of Android started in 2003 by Android, Inc., which was purchased by Google in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2005/tc20050817_0949_tc024.htm |title=Google Buys Android for Its Mobile Arsenal |last=Elgin |first=Ben |date=August 17, 2005 |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |publisher=Bloomberg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227182929/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2005/tc20050817_0949_tc024.htm |archive-date=February 27, 2011 |access-date=February 20, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the [[Open Handset Alliance]] (OHA) before the [[beta version]] was released.<ref>{{cite web |title=A History of Pre-Cupcake Android Codenames |publisher=Android Police |via=Google+ |date=June 12, 2013 |url=https://plus.google.com/%2BAndroidPolice/posts/MwDsoxDJ9qQ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612205755/https://plus.google.com/%2BAndroidPolice/posts/MwDsoxDJ9qQ | archive-date=June 12, 2013 | url-status=unfit}} See post by Dianne Hackborn</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/112413860260589530492/posts/WrBh6fsChfH |title=Dan Morrill |publisher=Google+ |date=January 2, 2013 |access-date=January 5, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119193144/https://plus.google.com/112413860260589530492/posts/WrBh6fsChfH |archive-date=January 19, 2013}}</ref> The beta was released on November 5, 2007,<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Google Operating System |url=http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/11/google-launches-android-open-mobile.html |title=Google Launches Android, an Open Mobile Platform |date=November 5, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930055836/http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/11/google-launches-android-open-mobile.html |archive-date=September 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Gizmodo]] |url=https://gizmodo.com/318561/live-googles-gphone-open-handset-alliance-conference-call |format=transcript |title=Live Google's gPhone Open handset alliance conference call |date=November 5, 2007 |access-date=February 8, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154205/http://gizmodo.com/#!318561/live-googles-gphone-open-handset-alliance-conference-call |archive-date=February 7, 2013}}</ref> while the [[software development kit]] (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.<ref>{{cite web |work=MacWorld |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/61005/2007/11/androidsdk.html |title=Google releases Android SDK |date=November 12, 2007 |access-date=February 8, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822061319/http://www.macworld.com/article/61005/2007/11/androidsdk.html |archive-date=August 22, 2010}}</ref> Several public beta versions of the SDK were released.<ref name="sdk-archives">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/older_releases.html |title=SDK Archives |access-date = March 7, 2015 |website=Android Developers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303224554/http://developer.android.com/sdk/older_releases.html |archive-date = March 3, 2015}}</ref> These releases were done through [[software emulation]] as physical devices did not exist to test the operating system. Both the operating system itself and the SDK were released along with their source code, as free software under the [[Apache License]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Ryan |date=November 6, 2007 |title=Why Google chose the Apache Software License over GPLv2 for Android |url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/11/why-google-chose-the-apache-software-license-over-gplv2/ |access-date=December 9, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063844/https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/11/why-google-chose-the-apache-software-license-over-gplv2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The first public release of Android 1.0 occurred with the release of the T-Mobile G1 (aka HTC Dream) in October 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/6/ |title=The history of Android: Android 1.0—introducing Google Apps and actual hardware |publisher=Ars Technica |date=June 16, 2014 |access-date=December 5, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310151326/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/6/ |archive-date=March 10, 2015}}</ref> Android 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific [[code name]]s.<ref name="Codenames"/> The code names "Astro Boy" and "Bender" were tagged internally on some of the early pre-1.0 milestone builds and were never used as the actual code names of the 1.0 and 1.1 releases of the OS.<ref name="unofficial_and_official_codenames">{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/09/17/a-history-of-pre-cupcake-android-codenames/ |title=A History of Pre-Cupcake Android Codenames |date=September 17, 2012 |website=Android Police |access-date=December 5, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825191904/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/09/17/a-history-of-pre-cupcake-android-codenames/ |archive-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref>
The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived using a [[confectionery]]-themed naming scheme for public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake. Google announced in August 2019 they were ending the confectionery theming scheme to use numerical ordering for future versions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.blog.google/products/android/evolving-android-brand/ |title=A pop of color and more: updates to Android's brand |publisher=Google |date=August 22, 2019 |access-date=August 22, 2019 |archive-date=September 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902060330/https://www.blog.google/products/android/evolving-android-brand/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The first release under the numerical order format was [[Android 10]], which was released in September 2019.
In 2017, Google announced that [[Google Play]] would begin to require apps to target a recent Android version (or API level).<ref>{{cite web |title=Improving app security and performance on Google Play for years to come |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/improving-app-security-and-performance.html |first1=Edward |last1=Cunningham |date=December 19, 2017 |access-date=June 30, 2020 |website=Android Developers Blog |archive-date=July 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702093301/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/improving-app-security-and-performance.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Since then, a new major Android version has been released in the second half of each year, and apps must target it by August 31 of the following year for new apps, or November 1 for app updates.<ref name="Target API">{{Cite web |title=Target API level requirements for Google Play apps - Play Console Help |url=https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/11926878 |access-date=October 24, 2023 |website=Google Support |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134721/https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/11926878 |url-status=live }}</ref> These requirements have expanded to [[Wear OS]], [[Android TV]], and [[Android Automotive OS]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Internal codename<ref name="Codenames">{{Cite web |title=Codenames, Tags, and Build Numbers |url=https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |access-date=June 1, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |publisher=Google |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122032/https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Version number(s)
! [[API]] level
! Release date
!
! Latest [[Google Play Services]] version<ref>{{cite web |title=Google System Release Notes |url=https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |access-date=17 May 2024 |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513094036/https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |url-status=live }}</ref> (release date)
|-
| [[Android 1.0]]
| {{
| {{Version|o|1.0}}
| 1
| September 23, 2008
| rowspan="18" {{N/A}}
| rowspan="7" {{N/A}}
|-
| [[Android 1.1]]
| Petit Four
| {{Version|o|1.1}}
| 2
| February 9, 2009
|-
| [[
| Cupcake
| {{Version|o|1.5}}
| 3
| April 27, 2009
|-
| [[Android Donut]]
| Donut
| {{Version|o|1.6}}
| 4
| September 15, 2009
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Eclair]]
| rowspan="3" | Eclair
| {{Version|o|2.0}}
| 5
| October 27, 2009
|-
| {{Version|o|2.0.1}}
| 6
| December 3, 2009
|-
| {{Version|o|2.1}}
| 7
| January 11, 2010<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |title=Android 2.1 SDK |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Android Froyo]]
| Froyo
| {{Version|o|2.2 – 2.2.3}}
| 8
| May 20, 2010
| 3.2.25 (October 2014)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Gingerbread]]
| rowspan="2" | Gingerbread
| {{Version|o|2.3 – 2.3.2}}
| 9
| December 6, 2010
| rowspan="5" | 10.0.84 (November 2016)
|-
| {{Version|o|2.3.3 – 2.3.7}}
| 10
| February 9, 2011
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Honeycomb]]
| rowspan="3" | Honeycomb
| {{Version|o|3.0}}
| 11
| February 22, 2011
|-
| {{Version|o|3.1}}
| 12
| May 10, 2011
|-
| {{Version|o|3.2 – 3.2.6}}
| 13
| July 15, 2011
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Ice Cream Sandwich]]
| rowspan="2" | Ice Cream Sandwich
| {{Version|o|4.0 – 4.0.2}}
| 14
| October 18, 2011
| rowspan="2" | 14.8.49 (February 2019)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.0.3 – 4.0.4}}
| 15
| December 16, 2011
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Jelly Bean]]
| rowspan="3" | Jelly Bean
| 16
| July 9, 2012
| rowspan="3" | 21.33.56 (September 2021)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.2 – 4.2.2}}
| 17
| November 13, 2012
|-
| {{Version|o|4.3 – 4.3.1}}
| 18
| July 24, 2013
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android KitKat]]
| rowspan="2" | Key Lime Pie
| {{Version|o|4.4 – 4.4.4}}
| 19
| October 31, 2013
| October 2017
| rowspan="2" | 23.30.13 (August 2023)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.4W – 4.4W.2}}
| 20
| June 25, 2014
| N/A
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Lollipop]]
| rowspan="2" | Lemon Meringue Pie
| {{Version|o|5.0 – 5.0.2}}
| 21
| November 4, 2014<ref name="android.googlesource.com">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| November 2017
| rowspan="2" |24.28.35 (August 2024)
|-
| {{Version|o|5.1 – 5.1.1}}
| 22
| March 2, 2015<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134720/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| March 2018
|-
| [[Android Marshmallow]]
| Macadamia Nut Cookie
| {{Version|o|6.0 – 6.0.1}}
| 23
| September 29, 2015<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134721/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| August 2018
| rowspan="14" |25.31.31 (August 2025)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Nougat]]
| rowspan="2" | New York Cheesecake
| {{Version|o|7.0}}
| 24
| August 22, 2016
| August 2019
|-
| {{Version|o|7.1 – 7.1.2}}
| 25
| October 4, 2016
| October 2019
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Oreo]]
| rowspan="2" | Oatmeal Cookie
| {{Version|o|8.0}}
| 26
| August 21, 2017
| January 2021
|-
| {{Version|o|8.1}}
| 27
| December 5, 2017
| October 2021
|-
| [[Android Pie]]
| Pistachio Ice Cream<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parker |first1=Steven |title=Android P being referred to as 'Pistachio Ice Cream' internally at Google |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |website=Neowin |publisher=Neowin LLC |access-date=December 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134820/https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|o|9}}
| 28
| August 6, 2018
| January 2022
|-
| [[Android 10]]
| Quince Tart<ref name="VergeQR">{{cite web |last1=Gartenberg |first1=Chaim |title=Even Android 11 is cake |url=https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |website=The Verge |date=July 23, 2020 |publisher=Vox Media, LLC |access-date=July 27, 2021 |quote=Burke revealed last year that Android Q had been internally known as "Quince Tart" |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217230719/https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|o|10}}
| 29
| September 3, 2019
| February 2023
|-
| [[Android 11]]
| Red Velvet Cake<ref name="VergeQR"/>
| {{Version|o|11}}
| 30
| September 8, 2020
| February 2024
|-
| [[Android 12]]
| Snow Cone
| {{Version|o|12}}
| 31
| October 4, 2021
| rowspan="2" | March 2025
|-
| [[Android 12L]]
| Snow Cone v2
| {{version|o|12.1}}{{efn|name=A12.1|12L launched as part of the March 2022 security update to supported Pixel devices. The factory images for March 2022 and subsequent updates display the version as 12.1.<ref name="FactoryImages">{{cite web |access-date=March 31, 2022 |title=Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices |url=https://developers.google.com/android/images |website=Google Developers |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404151606/https://developers.google.com/android/images |url-status=live }}</ref> The device's about page will still show the Android version as 12.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Ron |last1=Amadeo |access-date=2023-03-08 |title=Android 12L is official as "Android 12.1," rolling out now to Pixel phones |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |date=March 7, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307232151/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| 32
| March 7, 2022
|-
| [[Android 13]]
| Tiramisu
| {{Version|co|13}}
| 33
| August 15, 2022
| rowspan="4" | August 2025
|-
| [[Android 14]]
| Upside Down Cake<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Kyle |title=Android 14 gets official internal codename... Upside Down Cake |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |access-date=October 5, 2022 |publisher=[[9to5Google]] |date=April 22, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134822/https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|co|14}}
| 34
| October 4, 2023
|-
| [[Android 15]]
| Vanilla Ice Cream<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cantisano |first1=Timi |title=Android 15 dessert-themed codename revealed as 'Vanilla Ice Cream' |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[XDA Developers]] |date=3 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427135948/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|co|15}}
| 35
| September 3, 2024
|-
| [[Android 16]]
| Baklava<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCullough |first1=Matthew |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=18 November 2024 |archive-date=November 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121185224/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|c|16}}
| 36
| June 10, 2025
|-
| colspan="
|}
{{notelist}}
== Version history ==
The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official [[application programming interface]] (API) levels.
===
{{anchor|Android 1.0|Android 1|1.0}}
Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=Morrill |first=Dan |title=Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=September 23, 2008 |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |access-date=January 12, 2011 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512135036/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first commercially available Android device was the [[HTC Dream]].<ref name=HTC>{{cite news |publisher=T-Mobile |url=http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |access-date=October 15, 2013 |title=T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 – the First Phone Powered by Android |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016001926/http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |archive-date=October 16, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.0 (API 1)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.0
| September 23, 2008
|
* [[Android Market]],
* [[Web browser]] to show, zoom and pan full [[HTML]] and [[XHTML]] web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards").<ref name="Engadget">{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |title=T-Mobile G1 review, part 2: software and wrap-up |first=Joshua |last=Topolsky |publisher=Engadget |date=October 16, 2008 |
* Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.<ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone">{{cite news |publisher=PC Magazine |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |title=T-Mobile G1 (Google Android Phone) |first=Sascha |last=Segan |date=October 16, 2008 |
* Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |title=Folders on the Android desktop, and how to rename them |publisher=Android Authority |first=Darcy |last=LaCouvee |date=October 17, 2008 |
* Access to web email servers, supporting [[POP3]], [[IMAP4]], and [[SMTP]].<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* [[Gmail]] synchronization with the Gmail application.
* [[Google Contacts]] synchronization with the People application.
* [[Google Calendar]] synchronization with the Calendar application.
* [[Google Maps]] with [[Google Street View|Street View]] to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local
* [[Google Sync]], allowing management of [[Over the Air|over-the-air]] synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar.
* [[Google Search]], allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc.
* [[Google Talk]] instant messaging.
* [[Instant messaging]], [[text messaging]], and MMS.
* [[Media player (application software)|Media Player]], enabling management, importing, and playback of media files – however, this version lacked video and stereo [[Bluetooth]] support.<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone"/>
* Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts.<ref name="Engadget"/><ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |title=Status Bar Notifications |publisher=Android Developers |date=May 24, 2012 |
* Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number.<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets.
* [[YouTube]] video player.<ref name="Android for Dummies">{{cite web |url=http://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ |
* Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings.
* [[Wi-Fi]] and Bluetooth support.
=== Android 1.1 ===
{{anchor|Android
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.1 (API 2)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.1
| February 9, 2009
|
* Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps.
* Longer in-call screen timeout by default when using the speakerphone, plus the ability to show/hide the dialpad.
* Ability to save attachments in messages.
* Support added for marquee in system layouts.
=== Android 1.5 Cupcake ===
{{Main|Android
On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on [[Linux kernel]] 2.6.27.<ref name="cupcake-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |title=Android 1.5 is here! |date=April 27, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=September 3, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095047/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rob |first=Jackson |title=CONFIRMED: Official Cupcake Update Underway for T-Mobile G1 USA & UK! |date=April 30, 2009 |url=http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |publisher=Phandroid |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=May 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504130749/http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme used for all releases until [[Android 9 Pie|Android Pie]], with [[Android 10]] and later using a number-only system. The update included several new features and UI amendments:<ref name="cupcake-highlights">{{cite web |date=April 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |title=Android 1.5 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=September 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901200518/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.5
| April 27, 2009<ref name="cupcake-is-here"/>
|
* Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and a user dictionary for custom words.
* Support for [[Widget engine|Widgets]] – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |title=App Widgets |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |
* Video recording and playback in [[MPEG-4]] and 3GP formats.
* Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles).
* Copy and paste features in web browser.
* User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts.
* Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from a call log event.
* Animated screen transitions.
* Auto-rotation option.
* New stock boot animation.
* Ability to upload videos to
* Ability to upload photos to [[Picasa]].
* Ability to check phone usage history.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/ |title=Phone Usage History |publisher=101 Android |year=2017|access-date=December 24, 2017|archive-date=February 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223191108/https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}
{{anchor|Android 1.6|Android Donut|Donut|1.6}}
On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.<ref name="Word-highlights" /><ref name="Word-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |title=Android 1.6 SDK is here |date=September 15, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095011/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Paul |title=Google releases Android 1.6; Palm unleashes WebOS 1.2 |date=October 1, 2009 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |work=Ars Technica |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002105348/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |archive-date=October 2, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Included in the update were numerous new features:<ref name="Word-highlights">{{cite web |title=Android 1.6 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |date=September 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430191552/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.6
| September 15, 2009<ref name="Word-is-here"/>
|
* Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web.
* Ability for developers to include their content in search results.
* Multi-lingual [[speech synthesis]] engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text.
* Easier searching and the ability to view app screenshots in Android Market.
* Gallery,
* Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion.
* Updated technology support for [[IS-95|CDMA]]/[[Evolution-Data Optimized|EVDO]], [[IEEE 802.1X|802.1x]], [[virtual private network|VPNs]], and a text-to-speech engine.
* Support for [[Wide VGA|WVGA]] screen resolutions.
* Speed improvements in searching and camera applications.
* Expanded Gesture framework and a new GestureBuilder development tool.
|}
{{Anchor|Android 2.0|Android Eclair|Eclair|Android 2|2.0}}
On October 27, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed [[Éclair|Eclair]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |title=Android 2.0, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044736/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Changes include the ones listed below.<ref name="eclair-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |title=Android 2.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044731/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.0
| October 27, 2009<ref name="android-developers.googleblog.com">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |title=Announcing Android 2.0 support in the SDK! |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031125134/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of an email and contacts.
* [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Microsoft Exchange]] email support, with a combined inbox to browse an email from multiple accounts in one page.
* Bluetooth 2.1 support.
* Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person.
* Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with the added ability to delete the oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached.
* Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus.
* Improved typing speed on a virtual keyboard, with a smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions.
* Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for [[HTML5]].
* Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and the ability to invite new guests to events.
* Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI.
* Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio.
* Improved [[Google Maps]] 3.1.2.
* MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 2.0 API Changes Summary |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html#api-changes |
* [[Force Touch|Pressure-sensitive touch]] support in [[application programming interface|API]], even though no according hardware existed at that time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Force Touch? Android has had that for years |url=https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |website=Pocketnow |access-date=June 13, 2021 |date=September 7, 2015 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MotionEvent § getPressure() |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement.
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.0.1
| December 3, 2009<ref name = "2.0.1 SDK">{{cite web |url=
|
* Minor API changes,
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.1
| January
|
* Minor amendments to the API and
|}
{{anchor|Android 2.2|Android Froyo|Froyo|2.2}}
On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for [[frozen yogurt]]) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.<ref name="froyo-dev-blog">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |work=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.2 and developers goodies |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512013526/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.2 Froyo (API 8)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.2
| May 20, 2010
|
* Speed, memory, and performance optimizations.<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features">{{cite web |url=
* Additional application speed improvements, implemented through [[Just-in-time compilation|JIT compilation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=
* Integration of [[Google Chrome|Chrome]]'s [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8 JavaScript engine]] into the Browser application.
* Support for the [[Android Cloud to Device Messaging]] (C2DM) service, enabling [[Push technology|push notifications]].
* Improved [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Microsoft Exchange]] support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harbor |title=Android now fully supports Exchange |url=https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |website=harborcomputerservices.net |access-date=September 11, 2010 |date=June 29, 2010 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135753/https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications.
* USB tethering and [[Wi-Fi hotspot]] functionality<ref name="wired sorrel 2010">{{cite
* Option to disable data access over a mobile network.
* Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features.<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features"/>
* Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries.
* Support for [[Bluetooth]]-enabled car and desk docks.
* Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords.
* Support for file upload fields in the Browser application.<ref>{{cite web |url=
* The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only.
* Support for installing applications to
* [[Adobe Flash]] support.<ref>{{cite news |url
* Support for high-[[Pixel density|PPI]] displays (up to 320 ppi), such as four-inch [[720p]] screens.<ref name="multiple-screens">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Range of screens supported |publisher=Android Developers |
* Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture.
|-
| 2.2.1
| September 27, 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135742/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
*
|-
| 2.2.2
| January 21, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135743/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Minor
|-
| 2.2.3
| November 21, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |
|
* Two security updates.
{{Main|Android
On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.<ref name="gingerbread-highlights" /><ref name="gingerbread-dev-blog">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |publisher=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.3 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |access-date=December 7, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101227190245/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |archive-date=December 27, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Changes included:<ref name="gingerbread-highlights">{{cite web |date=December 6, 2010 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |title=Android 2.3 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=December 7, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101210235053/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |archive-date=December 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.3
| December 6, 2010<ref name="gingerbread-dev-blog" />
|
* Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed.
* Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions ([[WXGA (graphics)|WXGA]] and higher).<ref name="multiple-screens"/>
* Native support for [[Session Initiation Protocol|SIP]] [[Voice over IP|VoIP]] internet
* Faster, more intuitive text input
* Enhanced [[cut, copy, and paste|copy/paste]] functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-
* Support for [[Near Field Communication]] (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement.
* New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost.
* New [[Download Manager]], giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application.
* Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available.
* Support for [[WebM]]/VP8 video playback, and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] audio encoding.
* Improved [[power management]] with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long.
* Enhanced support for native code development.
* Switched from [[YAFFS]] to [[ext4]] on newer devices.<ref>{{Cite news |url=
* Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers.
* Concurrent [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]] for increased performance.
* Native support for more sensors (such as [[gyroscope]]s and [[barometer]]s).
* First Android version to feature an Easter egg. It was an image of the Bugdroid standing next to a zombie gingerbread man, with many more zombies in the background.
|-
| 2.3.1
| December 22, 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135846/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improvements and
|-
| 2.3.2
| January 21, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135758/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improvements and
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.3.3
| February 9, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform, New NFC Capabilities |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Several improvements and API fixes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform |publisher=Android Developers |year=2011|
|-
| 2.3.4
| April 28, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |
|
* Support for voice or video chat using [[Google Talk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |title=Video Chat on Your Android Phone |date=April 28, 2011 |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |
* Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Accessory Library 2.3.4 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html |publisher=Android Developers |
* Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Abhijoy |url=http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033 |title=Is it Java that weakened
* Fixed a spontaneous reboot on [[Samsung Galaxy S Plus]].
|-
| 2.3.5
| July 25, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improved network performance for the [[Nexus S]] 4G, among other fixes and improvements.
* Fixed a Bluetooth bug on [[Samsung Galaxy S (2010 smartphone)|Samsung Galaxy S]].
* Fixed a Wi-Fi crash on [[Samsung Galaxy S Plus]].
* Improved the Gmail application.
* Shadow animations for list scrolling.
* Camera software enhancements.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arghire |first=Ionut |title=Android 2.3.5 Arrives on Galaxy S in the UK |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |publisher=Softpedia.com |access-date=December 1, 2011 |archive-date=December 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204034344/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved battery efficiency.
|-
| 2.3.6
| September 2, 2011<ref>{{cite web |
|
* Fixed a voice search bug.{{Efn|The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.<ref>{{cite web |url=
|-
| 2.3.7
| September 21, 2011
|
* [[Google Wallet]] support for the Nexus S 4G.
{{Main|Android
On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first [[tablet computer|tablet]]-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.<ref name="honeycomb-highlights"/><ref name="honeycomb-sneak-peek">{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |title=A Sneak Peek of Android 3.0, Honeycomb |first=Andy |last=Rubin |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |date=January 5, 2011 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110108061358/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |archive-date=January 8, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="3.0-release">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |title=Final Android 3.0 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |author=Xavier Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=February 22, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110305143408/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |archive-date=March 5, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |title=Google's Android Event Analysis |author=Mithun Chandrasekhar |publisher=AnandTech |date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |quote=I confirmed this with Google; Honeycomb, at least in the current form, will not be coming to non-tablet devices. |archive-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205210127/http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first device featuring this version, the [[Motorola Xoom]] tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa/ |title=Motorola Atrix 4G and Xoom tablet launching at the end of February, Droid Bionic and LTE Xoom in Q2 |author=Nilay Patel |publisher=Engadget |date=January 26, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-date=February 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204085801/http://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa? |url-status=live }}</ref> The update's features included:<ref name="honeycomb-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |title=Android 3.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216200154/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |archive-date=February 16, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.0
| February 22, 2011<ref name="3.0-release"/>
|
* Optimized tablet support with a new
* New
* Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen.
* Added the Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen.
* Simplified multitasking – tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another.
* Redesigned the keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes
* Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface.
* Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new
* Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and other camera features.
* Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos.
* New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts.
* New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages.
* Hardware acceleration.
* Support for [[multi-core processor]]s.
* Ability to encrypt all user data.
* HTTPS stack improved with [[Server Name Indication]] (SNI).
* [[Filesystem in Userspace]] (FUSE; kernel module).
* Disallows applications from having to write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with internal primary storage) outside of designated, application-specific directories. Full access to primary internal storage is still allowed through a separate application-level permission.<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat">{{cite web |last=Ho |first=Joshua |title=Examining MicroSD changes in Android 4.4 |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44 |work=Anandtech |
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.1
| May 10, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |title=Android 3.1 Platform, New SDK tools |date=May 10, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |
|
* UI refinements.
* Connectivity for USB accessories ([[USB On-The-Go]]).
* Expanded Recent Applications list.
* Resizable Home screen widgets.
* Support for external keyboards and pointing devices.
* Support for joysticks and gamepads.
* Support for [[
* High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when the device screen is off.
* Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point.
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.2
| July 15, 2011<ref name="Ducrohet">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |title=Android 3.2 Platform and Updated SDK tools |date=July 15, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |
|
* Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets.
* Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization.
* Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions.
* New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices.<ref name="Android Developers">{{cite web |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Declaring Tablet Layouts for Android 3.2 |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |
|-
| 3.2.1
| September 20, 2011
|
*
* Update to [[Android Market]] with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text.
* Update to [[Google Books]].
* Improved [[Adobe Flash]] support in browser.
* Improved [[Chinese language|Chinese]] handwriting prediction.
|-
| 3.2.2
|
|
*
|-
| 3.2.4
| December 15, 2011
|
* Pay As You Go for 3G and 4G tablets.
|-
| 3.2.6
| February 15, 2012
|
* Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of
{{Main|Android
The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1,<ref>{{cite web |last=Maroger |title=Ice Cream Sandwich Runs on Linux Kernel 3.0.1 |url=http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |publisher=[[Blogspot]] |work=Fine Oils |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926170532/http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> was publicly released on October 19, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SDK Now Available |publisher=Social Barrel |first=Francis |last=Rey |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908152338/http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Google's Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was "theoretically compatible" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |title=Google confirms Nexus S will get Ice Cream Sandwich – for real this time (Gingerbread devices, too) |publisher=Engadget |first=Tim |last=Stevens |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=August 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825184314/http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[source code]] for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |title=Ice Cream Sandwich source code released, custom ROMs inevitable |publisher=AndroidGuys |first=Vincent |last=Messina |date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922033259/http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support [[Adobe Systems]]' [[Flash player#Mobile platforms|Flash player]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |title=Today Is The Last Day To Get Flash For Android |publisher=WebProNews |date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=February 7, 2013 |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130212639/http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> The update introduced numerous new features:<ref name="ics-release">{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/18/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich now official, includes revamped design, enhancements galore |publisher=Engadget |first=Brad |last=Molen |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141807/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2011-10-18-android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official.html%26tbla_id%3D291617d0-ae7b-4f64-a3ab-2d9c87337e65-tuctc9d729d%26gam_id%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1xMElGWXRORTJ1RWJBTHF3SFM2Tl9kRWV1bVE4cnB0b35B%26ydsp%3Dy-sZGCizFE2uJUefsPeUXcKYwdxKNrsV3C%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-19736_7-20122331-251/ice-cream-sandwich-adds-tons-of-new-features/?tag=mncol;txt |title=Ice Cream Sandwich adds tons of new features |publisher=CNET |first=Kent |last=German |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |title=A Quick Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Feature Rundown |publisher=Tech Crunch |first=Chris |last=Velazco |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=July 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728060204/http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.0
| October 18, 2011<ref name="ics-release"/>
|
* Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with the new [[Roboto]] font family.
* Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones.
* Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications.
* Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style.
* Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages.
* Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the
* Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons).
* Improved error correction on the keyboard.
* Ability to access applications directly from the [[lock screen]].
* Improved copy
* Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech
* Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using [[facial recognition software]].<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Automatic syncing of browser with users' Chrome bookmarks.
* Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded.
* Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/ |title=What Exactly Happens When You Swipe An Android App From the Recent Apps List? |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Jason |date=August 20, 2013 |publisher=How-To Geek |
* Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording.
* Built-in photo editor.
* New gallery layout, organized by ___location and person.
* Refreshed the "People" application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images.
* [[Android Beam]], a [[near-field communication]] feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data.<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Support for the [[WebP]] image format.<ref name="Android-Media-Formats" />
* Hardware acceleration of the UI.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich has Hardware Acceleration |publisher=Phandroid |first=Quentyn |last=Kennemer |date=October 19, 2011 |
* [[Wi-Fi Direct]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html |title=Wi-Fi Direct |publisher=Android Developers |
* [[1080p]] video recording for stock Android devices.
* Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required a rooted Android device.
|-
| 4.0.1
| October
|
* Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
|-
| 4.0.2
| November 28, 2011
|
* Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011.{{Efn|For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the [[Near-field
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 15)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.0.3
| December 16, 2011<ref name=ICS16Dec2011>[http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html "Android 4.0.3 Platform and Updated SDK tools"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719073950/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |date=July 19, 2014 }}. Android Developers Blog. December 16, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2012.</ref>
|
* Numerous
* Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality.
* New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider.
* Calendar provider enhancements.
* New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and [[Quarter Video Graphics Array|QVGA]] resolution.
* Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers.<ref>{{cite web |url=
|-
| 4.0.4
| March 28, 2012
|
* Stability improvements.
* Better camera performance.
* Smoother screen rotation.
* Improved phone number recognition.<ref name=ICS29mar2012>[https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 Google announces 4.0.4 on Google+] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329020144/https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 |date=March 29, 2012 }}. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.</ref>
{{Main|Android
Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the [[Google I/O]] conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved "Project Butter", which uses touch anticipation, [[Multiple buffering|triple buffering]], extended [[vsync (computing)|vsync]] timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 [[framerate|fps]] to create a fluid and "buttery-smooth" UI.<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /> Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the [[Android Open Source Project]] on July 9, 2012,<ref>{{cite web |last=Queru |first=Jean-Baptiste |title=Android 4.1 in AOSP |url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |access-date=July 12, 2012 |archive-date=January 22, 2011 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110122130054/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)|Nexus 7]] tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.1
| July 9, 2012
|
* Smoother user interface:
** Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh.
** Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline.
** CPU input boost.
** Synchronizing touch to vsync timing.
* Enhanced [[accessibility]].
* Bi-directional text and other language support.
* User-installable keyboard maps.
* Expandable notifications.
* TLS v1.1 and v1.2 support added.
* Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis.
* Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens.
* Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam.
* Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones.<ref name="android41-differentlayouts">{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Android 4.1 uses different layouts for different tablet sizes |url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |publisher=ComputerWorld |access-date=July 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119012034/http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Improved camera application.
* Multichannel audio.<ref name="Android-4.1-devs">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |title=Android 4.1 for Developers |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 9, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204124/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The [[Fraunhofer FDK AAC]] codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding/decoding.
*
* Audio chaining (also known as [[gapless playback]]).<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461 |title=Issue 3461: Implement Gapless Playback of consecutive audio files |
* Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access.
|-
| 4.1.1
| July 9, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141825/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in
|-
| 4.1.2
| October 9, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.1.2">[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 "Android 4.1.2 rolling out for Nexus 7"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521093052/http://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 |date=May 21, 2013 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.</ref>
|
* Lock/home screen rotation support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |title=Android 4.1.2 brings homescreen rotation to devices |publisher=GigaOM |date=October 9, 2012 |
* One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications.<ref>{{cite web |url=
*
{{anchor|Android
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.2
| November 13, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2">[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere "Android 4.2 adds gestue typing, wireless TV display, multiple user support on tablets, and more"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141804/https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere |date=January 14, 2024 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.</ref>
|
* [[Lock screen]] improvements, including widget support (removed again in 2014, reintroduced again in 2024)<ref name="CWnostalgia"/> and the ability to swipe directly to the camera.<ref>[http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean brings all-new photography powers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030113843/http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 |date=October 30, 2012 }}. TechRadar.com. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Notification power controls ("Quick Settings").
* "Daydream" [[screensaver]]s, showing information when idle or docked (later renamed to "screen saver" following the launch of the unrelated [[Google Daydream]] VR platform in 2016).<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Multiple user accounts (tablets only).
* Rewritten [[Bluetooth stack]], switching from [[Bluez]] to [[Broadcom]] open source [[BlueDroid]],<ref name="anand1">{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming |title=The Next Version of Android
* Native [[right-to-left]], always-on [[Virtual Private Network|VPN]] and application verification.<ref name="aosp-jb1">{{cite web |title=Jelly Bean |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html |website=Android developer portal |
* Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users.
* New clock application with a built-in world clock, stop watch and timer.
* All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets (with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu), regardless of screen size.
* Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly.
* [[SELinux]] support.
* Premium [[SMS]] confirmation.<ref name="Android Police 4.2 Alpha Teardown">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ "Exclusive Android 4.2 Alpha Teardown, Part 2: SELinux, VPN Lockdown, And Premium SMS Confirmation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021032403/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ |date=October 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. October 17, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Group Messaging support.
* Developer options hidden in settings and can be displayed after tapping the Build number 7 times on About phone.
|-
| 4.2.1
| November 27, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141830/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ "(Changelog) What's New In Android 4.2.1 (JOP40D)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130085348/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ |date=November 30, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
|
* Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact.<ref name="December bug">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ "Sorry, Santa – Google Cancels December In Android 4.2"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121185515/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ |date=November 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
* Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported [[Human interface device|
|-
| 4.2.2
| February 11, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.2">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ "Breaking: Android 4.2.2 (Build JDQ39) Update Rolling Out To GSM Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7, Nexus 10"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215033526/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ |date=February 15, 2013 }}. Android Police. February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.</ref>
|
* Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs.<ref>{{cite news |url=
* Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state.
* New download notifications, which now
* New sounds for wireless charging and low battery.
* New Gallery application animation allows faster loading.
* USB debug whitelist.
*
{{anchor|Android
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.3
| July 24, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3">[https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement "Android 4.3 announced, rolling out to Nexus devices today"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929173309/https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement |date=September 29, 2023 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013.</ref>
|
* [[Bluetooth
* [[AVRCP|Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3]] support.
* [[OpenGL ES#OpenGL ES 3.0|OpenGL ES 3.0]] support, allowing
* Restricted access mode for new user profiles.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Filesystem
* Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Volume for incoming calls (ringtone) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately.
* Improvements to Photo Sphere.<ref name="APPhotosphere">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ "Another Android 4.3 Change: Photo Spheres Look A Lot Better Now"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728065835/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.</ref>
* Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones.<ref name="4.3Camera">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ "Android 4.3 And Updated Camera UI Spotted On A Nexus 4 At Thailand Mobile Expo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728012100/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. May 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Addition of "[[App Ops]]", a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default).<ref name="AppOps">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ "App Ops: Android 4.3's Hidden App Permission Manager, Control Permissions For Individual Apps!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728063247/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* [[SELinux]] enabled by default.
* [[4K resolution]] support.<ref name="Engdt4K">[https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/26/android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution/ "Android 4.3 source code reveals support for 4K resolution"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141812/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-07-26-android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution.html%26tbla_id%3Dc2fda73b-cf47-40e0-9d41-1f4193094d43-tuctc9d72a0%26gam_id%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26dv360%3DeS0yT0hfV1ExRTJ1R19JT2Q2bVpBT2NTX2lEM3JMb2htM35B%26ydsp%3Dy-PNeWeWBE2uIf8ODb9T71tFdeHqMq1QZY%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |date=January 14, 2024 }}. Engadget. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Numerous security updates, performance enhancements, and
* System-level support for [[geo-fence|geofencing]] and Wi-Fi scanning APIs.
* Background Wi-Fi ___location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off.
* Developer logging and analyzing enhancements.
* Added support for five more languages.
* Changed [[digital rights management]] (DRM) APIs.
* [[Right-to-left]] (RTL) languages now supported.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Clock in the status bar disappears if
* Native [[emoji]] support.<ref name="CNet_4.3">{{cite web |url=
|-
| 4.3.1
| October 3, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ "Suddenly, A Wild Android 4.3.1 Appears – LTE Nexus 7 Receiving Android 4.3.1 OTA (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004055112/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ |date=October 4, 2013 }}. Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.</ref>
|
*
=== Android 4.4 KitKat ===
{{Main|Android
Google announced Android 4.4 [[Kit Kat|KitKat]] on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed because "very few people actually know the taste of a [[key lime pie]]."<ref name=KitkatBBC>{{cite news |last=Kelion |first=Leo |title=Android KitKat announced |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |access-date=September 3, 2013 |work=BBC News |date=September 3, 2013 |archive-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904070600/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some technology bloggers also expected the "Key Lime Pie" release to be Android 5.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=TechRadar |url=https://www.techradar.com/us/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-5-0-key-lime-pie-release-date-news-and-rumours-1091500 |title=Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie release date, news and rumors |date=July 2, 2013 |access-date=July 22, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142313/https://www.techradar.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> KitKat debuted on Google's [[Nexus 5]] on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte" internally at Google.<ref name="Nexus 5 review">{{cite news |last=Molen |first=Brad |title=Engadget review the Nexus 5 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |publisher=Engadget |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109020218/http://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.<ref name="cdd-4.4"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.4
| October 31, 2013<ref name="Android 4.4 KitKat">[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html "Android for all and the new Nexus 5 "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031201143/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html |date=October 31, 2013 }}. Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.</ref><ref name="androiddev-44">{{cite web |title=Android KitKat |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Portal |
|
* Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue.
* Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.
* Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars.<ref name="verge-n5handson">{{cite news |title=Google's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349: hands-on impressions |url=
* Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction.<ref>{{cite web |url
* Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.<ref name="phonearena-overflowgone">{{cite web |title=Android menu button now on by default on all device with KitKat |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=December 9, 2013 |
* Write access disabled for user-installed applications on external storage (i.e. [[MicroSD]]), except for their own directories inside <code>Android/data</code>.<ref>[https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ ''"Got the KitKat SD card blues? Solve the problem with SDFix (root required)"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808155150/https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ |date=August 8, 2021 }} – Android Authority, March 18, 2014 (article includes details of restriction)</ref><ref name="4.4storage">{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/storage/ |title=External Storage | Android Developers |date=May 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509021632/https://source.android.com/devices/storage/|archive-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref>
* Purging of app data directories in user storage (internal user storage and MicroSD) upon uninstallation<ref name="4.4storage"/>
* Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including [[zram|zRAM]] support and "low RAM" device API.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Wireless printing capability.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* NFC [[host card emulation]], enabling a device to replace [[smart card]]s.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/> * WebViews are now based on the [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]] engine (feature parity with [[Google Chrome for Android|Chrome for Android]] 30).
* Expanded functionality for notification listener services.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Public API for developing and managing [[Short Message Service|text messaging]] clients.<ref name="adb-kitkatsms">{{cite web |title=Getting Your SMS Apps Ready for KitKat |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Blog |
* Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services).<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat"/>
* New framework for UI transitions.
* Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and the home (launcher) application.
* Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948 |title=Android 4.4 brings support for low-power audio playback |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 31, 2013 |
* Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of [[Android Debug Bridge|ADB]] is required).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |title=How to record your screen on Android 4.4 KitKat |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=January 4, 2014 |author=Jason Cipriani |publisher=CBS Interactive |work=CNET |archive-date=January 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104222416/http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Native [[infrared blaster]] API.
* Verified boot.
* Enforcing [[SELinux]].
* Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level [[closed captioning]] settings.
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) introduced as a new experimental application [[runtime environment]], not enabled by default, as a replacement for the [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] virtual machine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |title=Android Developers: ART and Dalvik |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=March 19, 2015 |website=source.android.com |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315163429/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Message Access Profile|Bluetooth Message Access Profile]] (MAP) support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less |author=David Ruddock |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102201043/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |title=Android Issue 61975: Undo removal of access to BATTERY_STATS permission for apps |date=November 2013 |access-date=January 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210214042/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens.
* Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |title=Android Issue 61834: 4.4 KitKat reception/Wifi indicators no longer show data rx/tx during operation |date=November 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413183216/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |title=Android Issue 62378: KitKat WebView text wrap no longer works |website=code.google.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021095502/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.4.1
| December 5, 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142414/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+Nexus/posts/YW8sTPpVN8W |title=Android 4.4.1 Released to Nexus 5 |date=December 5, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Google Plus |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142322/https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART).
* Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view.
* Miscellaneous improvements and
|-
| 4.4.2
| December 9, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=
|
* Further security enhancements and
* Removal of the "[[App Ops]]" application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3.<ref>{{cite web |url=
|-
| 4.4.3
| June 2, 2014<ref>{{
|
* Refreshed the Dialer app's interface.<ref>{{cite web |url=
* Updated the Chromium-based WebView to version 33 (screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, and an HTML5 datalist).<ref>{{cite web |url=
* Miscellaneous improvements and
|-
| 4.4.4
| June 19, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=
|
* [[CVE-2014-0224]] fixed, eliminating an [[OpenSSL]] [[man-in-the-middle attack|man-in-the-middle]] vulnerability.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |title=Google Rolling Out Android 4.4.4 Update (KTU84P) With A Security Fix, Factory Images/Binaries Up For Nexus Devices |date=June 19, 2014 |
==== Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions ====
{{Main|Wear OS}}
{{anchor|Android 4.4W|4.4W}}
On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions (API 20)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.4W<ref name="Wear source code">{{cite web |last1=Rob |first1=Triggs |title=Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP |date=July 22, 2014 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |publisher=Android Authority |access-date=July 22, 2014 |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726221313/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| June 25, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |title=Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I/O 2014 |author=Andrew Grush |publisher=Android Authority |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |archive-date=March 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323025103/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
* Initial release of the Android Wear platform for [[smartwatch]]es: the same as Android 4.4 "KitKat", but with wearable extensions added.
|-
| 4.4W.1
| September 6, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=
|
* UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms.
|-
| 4.4W.2
| October 21, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=
|
* Offline music playback.
* GPS support.
=== Android 5.0 Lollipop ===
{{Main|Android Lollipop}}
{{anchor|Lollipop|5.0|Android 5.0|Android 5|Android Lollipop}}
Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014, during [[Google I/O]]. It became available as an official [[Over-the-air programming|over-the-air]] (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including [[Google Nexus|Nexus]] and [[Google Play edition]] devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.<ref name=PCWorldJun2014>{{cite web |title=From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html |publisher=PC World |date=June 25, 2014|access-date=June 26, 2014|archive-date=June 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626183451/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 15, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-date=October 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018090820/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive [[design language]] referred to as "[[material design]]". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the [[Android Runtime]] (ART) officially replacing [[Dalvik virtual machine|Dalvik]] for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as [[Project Volta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Google's new 'Material Design' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |website=Engadget |date=June 25, 2014 |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816150431/https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=We just played with Android's L Developer Preview |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |website=Engadget |date=June 26, 2014 |publisher=AOL |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626162710/http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |website=Anandtech |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628013652/http://anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Closer Look at Android RunTime (ART) in Android L |url=http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/ |date=July 1, 2014 |access-date=July 5, 2014 |author=Andrei Frumusanu |work=AnandTech |archive-date=July 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705022457/http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 5.0<ref name = "Api level 21-22">{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |title=Android 5.0 APIs |publisher=Android.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027235642/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| November 4, 2014<ref name="android.googlesource.com"/>
|
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) with [[Ahead-of-time compilation|ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation]] and improved [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]] (GC), replacing [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] that combines bytecode [[Interpreter (computing)|interpretation]] with [[Tracing just-in-time compilation|trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation]].<ref name="Api level 21-22" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |title=A JIT Compiler for Android's Dalvik VM |date=May 2010 |access-date = March 19, 2015 |author1=Ben Cheng |author2=Bill Buzbee |website=android-app-developer.co.uk |pages=5–14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151106221110/http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |archive-date = November 6, 2015|url-status = dead }}</ref>
* Support for [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] CPUs.
* [[OpenGL ES]] 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations.
* Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application.
* [[Vector graphics|Vector drawables]], which scale without losing definition.
* Support for print previews.
* [[Material design]], bringing a restyled user interface and ''"ripple effect"'' for buttons.
* Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets.<ref>[http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html "Exploring Android L: Lockscreen widgets also bite the dust"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514110831/http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html |date=May 14, 2015 }}. Pocketables.com. June 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
* Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down.
* [[Project Volta]], for battery life improvements.
* Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings.
* Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings.<ref name=IndiaTimes>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |title=Android 5.0 Lollipop's new features |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=December 23, 2014 |work=India Times |archive-date=December 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203042421/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |title=Lollipop brings proper multi-user accounts to your phone |publisher=Android Central |access-date=January 25, 2015 |date=October 17, 2014 |archive-date=February 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204065643/http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Audio input and output through USB devices.
* Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on [[SD card]]s. However, those must be adapted to the storage access framework of Android API level 21 or higher.<ref name="android-police01">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |title=Android 5.0 Makes SD Cards Great Again, Extends API To Allow Full Directory Access, Automatic MediaStore, And Improves Security |publisher=Android Police |author=Cody Toombs |date=November 4, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206131506/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="android-police02">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |title=Root Explorer 3.3 Update Adds SD Card Write Capability Without Root In Lollipop |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129151433/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Pinning of an application's screen for restricted user activity.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* WebViews receive updates independently through [[Google Play]] for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates.<ref>{{cite web |url=
* Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu.<ref name=AndroidLollipop>{{cite web |url=http://www.android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ |title=Android
* ''Tap and Go'' allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* User-customizable priorities for application notifications.<ref name="CNET-priority">{{cite web |url=
* Smart lock feature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |title=Smart lock screen security options in Android 5.0 Lollipop |date=November 12, 2015 |access-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-date=March 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310235133/http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[SELinux]] in enforcing mode for all domains.
* Updated emoji.<ref name="emojipedia-50">{{cite web |title=Android 5.0 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-50-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |
* Improved [[accessibility]] support (e.g. [[switch access]] support).<ref name="androidcentral1">{{cite web
* Block-based over-the-air (OTA) updates for new devices.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/block.html |title=Block-Based OTAs | Android Open Source Project |publisher=Android Source
* Task listing access disabled for third-party applications.
|-
| 5.0.1
| December 2, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=
|
* A few
|-
| 5.0.2
| December 19, 2014<ref name="FactoryImages"/>
|
* Fixes a bug with [[Trim (computing)|TRIM]] support (introduced in Version 4.3), which prevented devices from running on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off at midnight, or if it was charged only when in use.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/4f868ed |title=Commit 4f868ed to platform/frameworks/base |last=Tate |first=Christopher |date=November 21
* Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources.<ref>{{cite web |url=
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 5.1
| March 2, 2015<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|
* OEM Unlocking is on Developer options and can disable [[Anti-theft system|Device protection]] even if device is reset in unauthorized access
* None, Priority, All icons are showing on volume panel and Ring volume icon shows if Alarm or Media volume is currently adjusting.
* Improvements and bug fixes to the Overview screen.
* Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings.
* Official support for [[Dual SIM|multiple SIM cards]].<ref name="venturebeat-20150309">{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/09/google-confirms-android-5-1-is-landing-on-all-compatible-devices-from-today/ |title=Google confirms Android 5.1 is rolling out today, will support multi-SIM devices and HD calls |work=VentureBeat |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142908/https://venturebeat.com/ai/beyond-transactions-reimagining-banking-with-superior-digital-customer-journeys/infinite/injection_js/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Anti-theft system|Device protection]]: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.
* [[Wideband audio|High-definition voice calls]], available between compatible 4G LTE devices running Android 5.1.<ref name="venturebeat-20150309" />
* Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the [[silent mode]] that was removed
|-
| 5.1.1
| April
|
* Various
* Native [[Generic Access Network|Wi-Fi calling]] support.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jack |last=Jennings |url=http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |title=Google Open Source Code for Wi-Fi Calling |publisher=XDA |date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=November 2, 2015 |archive-date=November 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116115614/http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
=== Android 6.0 Marshmallow ===
{{Main|Android Marshmallow}}
{{anchor|Marshmallow|Android 6|6|Android 6.0|6.0|Android Marshmallow}}
Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" was unveiled under the codename "Android M" during [[Google I/O]] on May 28, 2015, for the [[Nexus 5]] and [[Nexus 6]] phones, [[Nexus 9]] tablet, and [[Nexus Player]] set-top box, under the build number MPZ44Q.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google's Android M preview build will run on the Nexus 5, 6, 9, and Player [Updated] |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |date=May 28, 2015 |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=May 28, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529043650/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The third developer preview (MPA44G) was released on August 17, 2015, for the Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus Player devices,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |title=Downloads Android Developers |date=August 17, 2015 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=August 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817224047/http://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to [[Android for Work]] profiles.<ref>{{cite web|title = Support and Release Notes {{!}} Android Developers|url = https://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|website = developer.android.com|access-date = August 22, 2015|archive-date = August 11, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150811015125/http://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|url-status = live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 6.0
|
|
* Precluded rudimentary [[file manager]] (package name: <code>com.android.documentsui</code>), accessible from storage settings.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mediati |first1=Nick |title=How to get to Android Marshmallow's hidden file manager |url=https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |website=Greenbot |language=en |date=October 22, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142829/https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Memory card]] mounted to <code>/storage/????-????/</code> rather than <code>/storage/extSdCard/</code>, with a hexadecimal [[volume serial number]] in place of the [[Wildcard character|wildcard]] question marks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |title=Customer Community |access-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416212913/https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Contextual search from keywords within apps.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |title=Now on Tap is the coolest Android feature in a long time |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |date=May 28, 2015 |website=The Verge |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142906/https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Introduction of Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is off in order to save battery life.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android Doze |url=http://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304134852/https://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* App Standby feature.
* Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android vertical app drawer |url=https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=October 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015192909/https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Application search bar and favorites.
* Native fingerprint reader support.
*
* Renamed "Priority" mode to "Do Not Disturb" mode.
* App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Handling App Links |url=http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=November 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124045813/http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=App Linking in Android 6.0 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Larger Application folders with multiple pages.
* Post-install/run-time permission requests.
* [[USB-C]] support.
* Demo Mode feature for screenshot-capture usage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Use Android 6.0's Hidden System UI Tuner to Customize Your Quick Settings and Status Bar |date=February 3, 2022 |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224155656/https://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*
*
* Adoptable External storage to behave like Internal Storage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |title=Everything you need to know about your SD card and Adoptable storage |date=April 7, 2017 |access-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142932/https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[MIDI]] support for musical instruments.<ref>{{cite web |title=MIDI – Android Open Source Project |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926143719/http://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Experimental multi-window feature.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to Unlock the Hidden Multi-Window Mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow |date=October 16, 2015 |url=http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019233847/http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Enable Multi-Window mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow with a bit of tinkering |date=October 6, 2015 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023093409/http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Support for actions by third-party apps in the text selection menu.<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* App permissions now granted individually at run-time, not all-or-nothing at install time. Similar to [[App Ops]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |title=Request App Permissions - Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=April 28, 2016 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505063403/http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Miracast support dropped.<ref name="CWnostalgia">{{Cite news |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android/android-nostalgia-old-features.html |title=Android nostalgia: 13 once-trumpeted features that quietly faded away |last=Raphael |first=JR |date=December 5, 2017 |work=Computerworld |access-date=December 6, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142934/https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android-features-faded.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Many new essential commands supported by Android's [[Linux shell]] ''(/bin/sh)''.
* No screen rotation during touch.
|-
| 6.0.1
| December 7, 2015<ref name="android-6-0-1-gadgetzarena">{{cite web |title=Google releases Android 6.0.1 Factory Images for Nexus 6P/6, Nexus 5X/5, Nexus Player, Nexus 9 And Nexus 7 [2013] |url=http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013 |website=GadgetzArena |
|
* [[Unicode 7.0]] & [[Unicode 8.0|8.0]] [[emoji]] support.<ref name="emojipedia-601">{{cite web |title=Android 6.0.1 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |
* Descriptions for USB connection options.
* Double-
{{Main|Android
Android "Nougat" (codenamed N in-development) is the seventh major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for supported Nexus devices, as well as with the new "Android Beta Program" which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via an over-the-air update. The final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Developer Preview 5 – the final preview – is available for download |date=July 18, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719133438/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with the build number NPD90G.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 7.0
| August 22, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |title=Taking the final wrapper off of Android 7.0 Nougat |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142838/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Support for file-based encryption.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |title=Pixel Security: Better, Faster, Stronger |last1=Crowley |first1=Paul |last2=Lawrence |first2=Paul |website=Google Security Blog |date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=March 4, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042809/https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Unicode 9.0]] [[emoji]] and skin tone modifier support (and exposes a subset of [[ICU4J]] APIs).<ref name="emojipedia-70">{{cite web |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |date=August 22, 2016 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222042239/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability to
* Ability to
* Ability to switch to the last opened app by double-tapping the overview button.
* Added an Emergency information part.
* Added the "Clear All" button to the Overview screen.
* Another system partition, which gets updated when not in use, allowing for seamless system updates.
* [[Google Daydream|Daydream]] virtual reality platform (VR interface).
* Improved Doze functionality, which aims to prolong battery life.
* Improvements to the file browser.
* Ability to [[File operation|move files]] added to ''Storage Access Framework''<ref name=SAF-API24>{{cite web |title=DocumentsContract |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=February 2, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143342/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |url-status=live }}</ref>
* More Quick Settings options.
* Multi-window support, which supports floating apps on a desktop layout.
* New Data Saver mode, which can force apps to reduce bandwidth usage.
* New JIT Compiler, making for 75 percent faster app installations and a 50 percent reduction in compiled code size.
* Just in Time (JIT) compiler with code profiling to ART, which lets it constantly improve the performance of Android apps as they run.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |title=Android 7.0 for Developers - Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=August 25, 2016 |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911205602/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Picture-in-picture]] support for [[Android TV]].
*
* Redesigned Overview screen.
* Replaced notification cards with notification sheets.
* Settings app navigation drawer.
* [[Vulkan (API)|Vulkan 3D]] rendering API.
* Multiple Device Locales<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |title=Android N Feature Spotlight: Multiple Device Locales Are Now Supported, Allowing Search Results In Multiple Languages And Other Goodies |date=March 12, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214005239/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Discontinuation of Android Camera V1 API<ref name=CameraVersion>{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |title=Camera Version Support |website=Android Open Source Project |access-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704161717/https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Restricted file system access<ref>{{cite web |url=https://proclockers.com/review/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |title=List of All Android Operating System Names (2020 Update) |date=November 18, 2020 |publisher=ProClockers |access-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143419/https://gaminggorilla.com/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1.1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 7.1
| October 4, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |title=Android 7.1 Nougat's changelog is here, includes both Pixel-exclusive and non-Pixel exclusive changes |date=October 4, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125659/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Rearranged notification shade.
* "Restart" option added to power button menu<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sinha |first1=Rupesh |title=Android 7.1 Changes: What The New Update Brings |url=https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |website=Beebom |access-date=June 12, 2021 |date=October 20, 2016 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Touch/display performance improvements.
* Moves (Fingerprint swipe down gesture{{snd}}opt-in).
* Opt-in with new hardware required:
** Seamless A/B system updates.
** Daydream VR mode.
* Developer features:
** Shortcut manager APIs.
** Circular app icons support.
** Keyboard image insertion.
** Fingerprint sensor gesture to open/close notification shade.
** Manual storage manager Intent for apps.
** Improved VR thread scheduling.
** Enhanced wallpaper metadata.
** Multi-endpoint call support.
** Support for various MNO requirements.
*** PCDMA voice privacy property.
*** Source type support for Visual Voicemail.
*** Carrier config options for managing
* Manual storage manager{{snd}} identifies files and apps using storage.
|-
| 7.1.1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |title=A sweet update to Nougat: Android 7.1.1 |date=December 5, 2016 |website=Google Blog |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213001345/https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| December 5, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143448/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* New set of [[emoji]]s adding different skin tones and
* Send GIFs directly from the default keyboard.
* App shortcuts: Launch actions on apps by long
* Developer Options: ''Show CPU Usage'' feature removed.
|-
| 7.1.2<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |title=Google Groups |website=productforums.google.com |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203081016/https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |title=Some Pixel C and Nexus Player owners are getting the official Android 7.1.2 update |date=April 2, 2017 |website=Android Authority |access-date=April 2, 2017 |archive-date=April 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403005448/http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| April 2, 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143348/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Battery usage alerts.
=== Android 8.0 Oreo ===
{{Main|Android
Android Oreo is the eighth major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview, codenamed Android O, on March 21, 2017, with factory images for supported Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 8.0<ref name="guardian8">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |title=Oreo: Google announces release of the next version of Android 8 |date=August 21, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Samuel |last1=Gibbs |first2=Olivia |last2=Solon |access-date=March 11, 2019 |archive-date=September 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903103557/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| August 21, 2017
|
* Battery percentage displayed in the status bar, next to the battery icon
* '''Project Treble''', the biggest change to the foundations of Android to date: a modular architecture that makes it easier and faster for hardware makers to deliver Android updates.
* Picture-in-picture support.
* Support for Unicode 10.0 emoji (5.0) and replacement of all blob-shaped emojis by round ones with gradients and outlines.
* Redesigned Quick Settings and Settings with a white background and respectively black and Accent font colors.
* Restructured Settings by regrouping sections into similar entries.
* Adaptive icons
* Notification improvements.
** Notification channels.
** Notification dots (badges).
** Notification snoozing.
** Notification shade multi-colors (for music album art, messengers, etc.).
* System-wide Autofill framework.
* Support for [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]], [[Sony]]'s [[LDAC (codec)|LDAC]] and [[Qualcomm]]'s [[aptX]] and [[AptX#aptX HD|aptX HD]] codecs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |title=How Oreo is better than Nougat: Audio |date=August 23, 2017 |website=Android Authority |language=en-US |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* App-specific unknown sources.
* Multi-display support.
* 2 times faster boot time compared to Nougat according to Google, testing on their Pixel devices.<ref name="guardian8"/>
* Apps background execution and ___location limits.
* Google Play Protect.
* Downloadable fonts.
* Integrated printing support.
* Color management (deep color and wide color gamut).
* Wi-Fi Assistant.
|}
==== Android 8.1 Oreo ====
{{anchor|8.1|Android 8.1}}
Android 8.1 Oreo is the sixteenth minor release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017, for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 8.1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |title=Google Blog |website=android-developers.googleblog.com |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025183103/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goandroid.co.in/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |title=Android 8.1 developer preview arrives for Pixel and Nexus devices |date=October 25, 2017 |website=GoAndroid |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143449/https://www.thegoandroid.com/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| December 5, 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |title=Android 8.1 Oreo goes final, rolling out now to Pixel and Nexus devices |date=December 5, 2017 |website=Ars Technica |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102090441/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |title=Welcoming Android 8.1 Oreo and Android Oreo (Go edition) |author=Dave Burke |date=December 5, 2017 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143856/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Neural networks API.
* Shared memory API.
* WallpaperColors API.
* Bluetooth battery level for connected devices, accessible in Quick Settings.
* '''[[Android Go|Android Oreo (Go edition)]]''', a lightweight distribution of Android that runs better than normal Android on devices with less than 1 GB of RAM.<ref name = "Android Go">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |title=Android Go is here to fix super cheap phones |publisher=The Verge |date=March 1, 2018 |access-date=January 11, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144008/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Autofill framework updates.
* Programmatic Safe Browsing actions.
* Navigation buttons dim when not in use.
* Visual changes to 'Power Off' and 'Restart', including a new screen and floating toolbar.
* Toast messages are now white
* Automatic light and dark themes.
* New Easter
|}
=== Android 9 Pie ===
{{Main|Android
Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android Pie (fifth preview, also considered as a "Release Candidate") was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
|9
|August 6, 2018
|
* New user interface for the quick settings menu.<ref name="xda">{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=Mishaal |title=
* The clock has moved to the left of the notification bar.<ref name="Verge">{{cite news |last1=Welch |first1=Chris |title=The biggest early visual changes in Android P |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |
* The "dock" now has a semi-transparent background.<ref name="Verge"/>
* Battery
* A "screenshot" button has been added to the power options.<ref name="Verge"/>
* A new "Lockdown" mode which disables biometric authentication once activated.
* Rounded corners across the UI.
* New transitions for switching between apps, or activities within apps.
* Richer messaging notifications, where a full conversation can be
* Support for display cutouts.
* Redesigned volume slider.
* Battery percentage now shown in Always-On Display.
* Lock screen security changes include the possible return of an improved NFC Unlock.
* Experimental features (which are currently hidden within a menu called Feature Flags) such as a redesigned About Phone page in settings, and automatic Bluetooth enabling while driving.
* [[DNS over TLS]].<ref>{{cite web |title=DNS over TLS support in Android P Developer Preview |date=April 17, 2018 |work=Google Security Blog |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |access-date=May 9, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422194047/https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A new optional gesture-based system interface,
* Redesigned multitask app switcher with the Google search bar and app drawer built
* Android Dashboard,
* "Shush", an enhanced
* "Adaptive Battery"
* Auto
* Wind Down option lets Android users set a specific
* [[Vulkan#Vulkan 1.1|Vulkan
* Call recording options fully disabled<ref name=ACR>{{Cite web |url=https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |title=Android 9/10 call recording issues | ACR – Another Call Recorder by NLL APPS |website=nllapps.com |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144014/https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
{{Main|Android 10}}
{{anchor|10|Android 10}}
Android 10 is the tenth major version of the Android operating system. The stable version of Android 10 was released on September 3, 2019.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 10 (API 29)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 10
| September 3, 2019
|
* Revamped full-screen gesture navigation with new app open/close animations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |title=[Update: OEM Gestures Allowed] Google's new navigation gestures in Android Q will be mandatory for all devices |date=May 9, 2019 |website=xda-developers |access-date=August 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144403/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Android 10 launcher port brings new gesture animations to Android 9 |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |website=xda-developers |date=September 10, 2019 |access-date=March 20, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144404/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=September 23, 2020 |title=Android 11—The Ars Technica Review |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |access-date=April 17, 2021 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Scoped storage'' restrictions<ref>{{cite web |title=Privacy changes in Android 10 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144407/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |url-status=live }}</ref>
* New permissions required to access ___location in background and to access photo, video and audio files.<ref name="introducingqbeta">{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Introducing Android Q Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=March 13, 2019 |date=March 13, 2019 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507090246/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Background apps can no longer jump into the foreground.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Limited access to non-resettable device identifiers.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Background (idle) access to camera, microphone and sensors disabled for more privacy protection with the side effect of disabling [[antitheft]] software.<ref name=Verge-Background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |title=Android P won't let apps secretly use your mic or camera in the background |first=Chris |last=Welch |date=March 7, 2018 |website=The Verge |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=AndroidAuth-Background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |title=Android P will prevent apps from using your camera or microphone without telling you (Updated) |date=February 21, 2018 |website=Android Authority |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144520/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=PhoneArena-background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |title=Android P will prevent background apps from using the camera |first=Mihail |last=Nikolov |website=Phone Arena |date=February 20, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144410/https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Sharing shortcuts, which allow sharing content with a contact directly.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Floating settings panel, that allows changing system settings directly from apps.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Dynamic depth format for photos, which allow changing background blur after taking a photo.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for the [[AV1]] video codec, the [[HDR10+]] video format and the [[Opus (audio format)|Opus]] audio codec.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for [[AptX#aptX Adaptive|aptX Adaptive]], [[LHDC (codec)#LHDC|LHDC]], [[LHDC (codec)#LLAC|LLAC]], [[CELT]] and AAC LATM codecs<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/implement |title=Audio Implementation |website=Android Open Source Project |language=en |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144519/https://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |title=Android 10 devices are going to sound better with LHDC™ |last=Yeow |first=Goh Beng |date=October 22, 2019 |website=Porta-Fi™ |language=en-GB |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144928/https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A native [[MIDI]] API, allowing interaction with music controllers.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Better support for [[biometric authentication]] in apps.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for the [[Wi-Fi Protected Access#WPA3|WPA3]] Wi-Fi security protocol.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for [[Foldable smartphone|foldable phone]]s.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for Notification Bubbles.<ref name="qbeta2">{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Android Q Beta 2 update |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=April 25, 2019 |date=April 3, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144944/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="notificationbubbles">{{cite web |title=Bubbles |website=Android Developers |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410052657/https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- Replace the preview link with the final Bubbles link when Android Q is publicly released. -->
* New system-wide dark theme/mode<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/look-and-feel/darktheme |title=Dark theme |website=Android Developers |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144954/https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/theming/darktheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2019/10/10/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |title=Google Dark Mode app roundup: Everything available so far |first=Ben |last=Schoon |work=9to5Google |date=October 10, 2019 |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144952/https://9to5google.com/2020/05/19/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* TLS v1.3 support added.
* Project Mainline, allows core OS components to be updated via the [[Google Play Store]], without requiring a complete system update<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |title=Fresher OS with Projects Treble and Mainline |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220093711/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
=== Android 11 ===
{{Main|Android 11}}
{{anchor|11|Android 11}}
Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turning it up to 11: the first Developer Preview of Android 11 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |last=Burke |first=Dave |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144915/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Android 11 Developer Preview: All the changes we found from Android 10 so far! |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |date=February 19, 2020 |last=Fedewa |first=Joe |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145014/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>The launch of Android 11 Beta was postponed from June 3, 2020, to June 10, 2020.<ref name="eleven-beta">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |title=Google delays the Android 11 Beta announcement as protests roil US cities |website=www.theverge.com |access-date=June 8, 2020 |date=May 30, 2020 |archive-date=May 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530071708/https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 11 (API 30)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 11
| September 8, 2020
|
* Chat bubbles.
* Screen recorder.
* Notification history.
* New permissions controls.
* API distinction between standalone [[5G NR]] and non-standalone 5G.
* One-time permissions.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11">{{cite web |last1=Cuthbertso |first1=Stephanie |title=Unwrapping the Android 11 Beta, plus more developer updates |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=August 20, 2020 |date=June 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144916/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Permissions auto-reset.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11" />
* Wireless [[Android Auto]] on devices with 5GHz Wi-Fi.<ref name="Android 11 Product Page">{{Cite web |title=Android 11 |url=https://www.android.com/android-11/ |access-date=September 25, 2020 |website=Android |language=en-US |archive-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912094615/https://www.android.com/android-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Increased number of updatable core OS components in Google Play from 12 to 21.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11" /><ref name="mainline">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |title=Accelerating Android Updates |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144946/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Enterprise work profile privacy protections now apply on company-owned devices.<ref name="Android 11 Enterprise Blog">{{Cite web |last1=Marsanyi |first1=Ian |title=Championing employee privacy, productivity with Android 11 |url=https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |website=Android Enterprise Blog |access-date=September 25, 2020 |date=September 8, 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145503/https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Independent left and right edge sensitivity for gesture navigation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schoon |first1=Ben |title=Android 11 prepares new settings for Gesture Navigation |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=February 19, 2020 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145534/https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Since this version, apps no longer have access to other app's directories (including "Android/Data").<ref>{{cite news |title=Android 11 : Scoped Storage |url=https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |work=DhiWise |date=21 July 2021 |language=en |access-date=January 13, 2024 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145504/https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
=== Android 12 ===
{{Main|Android 12}}
{{anchor|12|Android 12}}
Android 12 is the twelfth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 18, 2021, and the first developer preview was released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Android S: the first Developer Preview of Android 12 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219023916/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Android 12 Developer Preview: First Developer preview |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |date=February 18, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145505/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 12 (API 31)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 12
| October 4, 2021
|
* Easier Wi-Fi sharing
* [[AVIF]] image support
* Material You, an updated design language based on [[Material Design]]
* Scrolling Screenshot<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 To Finally Bring Scrolling Screenshots |url=https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |website=TechiAI |date=August 15, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710104625/https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* One Handed Mode<ref>{{cite web |title=Guide to enable One-Handed Mode on Android 12 |url=https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |website=Gizmochina |date=March 28, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704194900/https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) module added to the updatable core OS components via Google Play, added functionality to existing modules<ref name="Features">{{cite web |title=Android 12 Features |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=androidauthority |access-date=February 18, 2021 |date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="12preview">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |title=First preview of Android 12 |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218180352/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Area Magnification can zoom in any content on device<ref>{{cite web |title=Magnification feature now offers a useful floating window |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713032843/https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* "Extra Dim" is a faint level of brightness not accessible by the brightness scale.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 gets 'Extra Dim' |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/ |website=Android Police |date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718044005/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Bold Text
* Greyscale
* A green dot at the top right of the screen shows when the camera or microphone is in use.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raphael |first1=J. R. |title=How to take advantage of Android 12's new privacy options |url=https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |website=The Verge |access-date=1 April 2024 |language=en |date=20 August 2021 |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401123146/https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Option to choose precise or approximate ___location<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 features: Everything you need to know about Google's latest OS |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=Android Authority |date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Privacy Dashboard<ref>{{cite web |title=How to access and use the Android 12 Privacy Dashboard |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |website=Android Central |date=September 21, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107025705/https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Gestures can work in immersive mode.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 fixes one of the most frustrating things about gesture navigation |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |website=Android Police |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706101016/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Performance improvements to system services to improve transitions, power efficiency, and reduce app startup times<ref>{{cite web |title=What's new in Android 12 Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=July 22, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622112036/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Third party app stores now have the ability to update apps without constantly asking the user for permission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=Android 12 will finally let alternative app stores update apps on their own |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |access-date=September 21, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622223308/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
==== Android 12L ====
{{Main|Android 12L}}
{{anchor|12L|Android 12L}}
Android 12L{{efn|Released as "Android 12.1" for smartphones}} is an interim release for Android 12 that includes design tweaks for larger displays and minor stability changes to the operating system. It was announced in October 2021 alongside Beta releases with a stable version launching on March 7, 2022.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 12L (API 32)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 12L
| March 7, 2022
|
* Improvements specific for foldable phones, tablets, desktop-sized screens and Chromebooks, and modifications to the user interface to tailor it to larger screens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=12L and new Android APIs and tools for large screens |last=Burke |first=Dave |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |date=October 27, 2021 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-date=July 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722074255/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
=== Android 13 ===
{{Main|Android 13}}
{{anchor|13|Android 13}}
Android 13 is the thirteenth major version of the Android operating system.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 13 (API 33)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 13
| August 15, 2022
|
* Apps are now required to request permission from the user before they are able to send notifications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Abner |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Here's everything new in Android 13 Developer Preview 2 [Gallery] |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |access-date=March 18, 2022 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317185828/https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The number of active apps is now shown at the bottom of the notifications panel, a tap on it opens a detailed panel which lets the user stop each of them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Android 13 review: Plans for the future, but not much to offer today |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=August 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830231050/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Support for [[Bluetooth Low Energy|Bluetooth LE]] Audio and the [[LC3 (codec)|LC3 audio codec]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2021 |title=Android 13 may finally bring full support for Bluetooth LE Audio |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629122229/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New LC3 Encoder (I5f2f7627) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit |archive-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109172549/https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Add new LC3 decoder (I275ea8ba) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1936078 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit}}</ref>
* [[Android Runtime|ART]] update with a new [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collector]] utilizing the [[Linux kernel|Linux]] userfaultfd [[system call]].<ref name="Gidra">{{Citation |last=Gidra |first=Lokesh |title=What's new in app performance |date=May 12, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYdHLqLVspY |language=en |access-date=August 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gidra |first1=Lokesh |last2=Boehm |first2=Hans-J. |last3=Fernandes |first3=Joel |date=October 12, 2020 |title=Utilizing the Linux Userfaultfd System Call in a Compaction Phase of a Garbage Collection Process |url=https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/3671 |journal=Defensive Publications Series}}</ref><ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP">{{Cite web |title=Android 13 is in AOSP! |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2022/08/android-13-is-in-aosp.html |access-date=August 16, 2022 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref> It reduces memory pressure, compiled code size and [[Jank (web)|jank]], and prevents the risk of killing apps because of low memory during garbage collection.<ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP" /> Other changes also improve app startup, reduce jank and improve performance.<ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP" /> Because of the Mainline project, Android 12 ART will also be updated.<ref name="Gidra"/>
* Support of Themed icons by third-party apps and manufacturers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=2022-12-09 |title=Android themed: These apps support Material You makeovers |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/12/09/android-13-themed-icons/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=[[9to5Google]]}}</ref>
|}
=== Android 14 ===
{{Main|Android 14}}
Android 14 is the fourteenth major version of the Android operating system. Google announced Android 14 on February 8, 2023, with the first Developer Preview releasing on the same day.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 14 (API 34)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
|14
|October 4, 2023
|
* Installation of apps designed to target Android versions and SDKs older than [[Android Marshmallow|Marshmallow (6.0)]] is blocked to prevent malware.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Android 14 Preview 1 is out, will officially ban installation of old apps |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Ars Technica]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=22 Best Android 14 Features (New and Upcoming) |url=https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Beebom]]}}</ref>
*Font maximum size was increased to 200%, compared to 130% in previous versions<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Features and APIs Overview |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/14/features |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209000748/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/14/features |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |access-date=February 9, 2023 |work=Android |language=en}}</ref>
*Added lock screen customization options<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Dallas |date=2023-06-07 |title=Android 14's new lock screen customization is live in Beta 3 |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/android-14-lock-screen-customization-beta-3/ |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=Android Police |language=en |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929121229/https://www.androidpolice.com/android-14-lock-screen-customization-beta-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*expanded [[taskbar]] for larger screen devices<ref name=":3">{{cite web|access-date=February 12, 2023|author=((9to5Google))|date=February 9, 2023|language=en|title=Android 14 Developer Preview 1: Top new features!|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xqoo1WlZxF4|work=YouTube|archive-date=February 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211135814/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xqoo1WlZxF4&ref=upstract.com|url-status=live}}</ref>
*allows a phone to be configured as a [[webcam]] when plugged into a computer or another Android device<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=2023-09-22 |title=Android phones get PC webcam capabilities in the latest beta |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/09/android-phones-get-pc-webcam-capabilities-in-the-latest-beta/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |language=en-us |archive-date=November 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107222643/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/09/android-phones-get-pc-webcam-capabilities-in-the-latest-beta/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*added support for [[Ultra HDR]], to take and display [[high dynamic range]] photos with HDR compatible cameras and displays<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-04 |title=Android 14: More customization, control and accessibility features |url=https://blog.google/products/android/android-14/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Google |language=en-us |archive-date=December 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220133941/https://blog.google/products/android/android-14/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ultra HDR Image Format v1.0 |url=https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/media/platform/hdr-image-format |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Android Developers |language=en |archive-date=December 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213234503/https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/media/platform/hdr-image-format |url-status=live }}</ref>
*rewritten parts of the Android's Settings app<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradshaw |first=Kyle |date=February 14, 2023 |title=Google is gradually rewriting Android’s Settings app with Jetpack Compose |url=https://9to5google.com/2023/02/14/android-14-settings-app-jetpack-compose/ |access-date=April 14, 2024 |website=[[9to5Google]] |archive-date=April 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420064150/https://9to5google.com/2023/02/14/android-14-settings-app-jetpack-compose/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*improved Android's system processes' efficiency, which provides battery life improvements<ref name=":2">{{cite web |author=Cosmos |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Android 14 First Developer Preview Available Now |url=https://samlover.com/2023/02/08/android-14-first-developer-preview-available-now/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209130258/https://samlover.com/2023/02/08/android-14-first-developer-preview-available-now/ |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |access-date=February 9, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*
|}
=== Android 15 ===
{{Main|Android 15}}
Android 15 is the fifteenth major version of the Android operating system. It was released on September 3, 2024 as part of the Android Open Source Project,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthew|first=McCullough |date=September 3, 2024 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/09/android-15-is-released-to-aosp.html |title=Android 15 is released to AOSP |website=Android Developer Blog |publisher=Google |access-date=October 16, 2024}}</ref> and was first released to a device on September 30, 2024 by [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonggolto |first=Jay |date=September 30, 2024 |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/apps-software/the-first-oem-to-drop-android-15-updates-is-one-youd-never-guess |title=The first OEM to drop Android 15 updates is one you'd never guess |website=Android Central |publisher=Future US |access-date=October 16, 2024}}</ref> Unlike previous versions of Android, the new update wasn't made available upon its release to Google's own Pixel line, instead being released on October 15, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Jay |date=October 15, 2024 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/15/24268043/google-android-15-pixel |title=Android 15 is now available for Pixels |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |access-date=October 15, 2024}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 15 (API 35)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 15
| September 3, 2024
|
* Reintroduction of lock screen widgets on tablets, which were introduced in Android 4.2 and removed in Android 5.0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=2024-01-12 |title=Android 15 might bring back lock screen widgets |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/01/it-looks-like-lock-screen-widgets-are-making-a-comeback-in-android-15/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
* Google Advanced Factory Reset Protection to prevent the device to bypass the setup if stolen, and it requires the google account or unlock key to work again.
|}
=== Android 16 ===
{{Main|Android 16}}
Android 16 is the sixteenth major release of [[Android (operating system)|Android]]. The first Developer Preview of Android 16 was released on November 19, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2024-11-19 |title=Android 16 is now available for early testers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/19/24300673/android-16-developer-preview-availability-release-timeline |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> [[Google]] released the stable version on June 10, 2025 for Pixel phones.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 16 (API 36)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 16
| June 10, 2025
|
* Embedded photo picker
* Health records
* Privacy sandbox on Android.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 16 QPR1
| September 2025
|
* Material Expressive 3
* Battery icons are changed to Landscape icon and percentage showing inside the battery icon
* Desktop mode if connected to Monitor/TV, Keyboard and Mouse
|}
==
{{See also|Android (operating system)#Hardware}}
The main hardware platform for Android is the [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] [[ARM architecture family|ARM architecture]] (i.e. [[ARMv8-A]]; previously the [[32-bit computing|32-bit]] [[ARMv7]] architecture was supported and first ARMv5), with [[x86]]{{Efn|Lowest supported x86 generation is the [[P6 (microarchitecture)|P6 microarchitecture]], also called i686.<ref name="arch">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/android_mk.html |title=The syntax of the Android.mk build file |website=developer.android.com |access-date=June 14, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610133143/http://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/android_mk.html |archive-date=June 10, 2015}}</ref>}} and [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]]{{Efn|Supported is revision 1 of MIPS32<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2900912/imagination-floats-sub100-mips-tablet-running-firefox-os.html |title=Imagination floats sub-$100 MIPS tablet running Firefox OS |first=Agam |last=Shah |publisher=IDG |work=PC World |date=March 23, 2015|access-date=June 5, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605161158/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2900912/imagination-floats-sub100-mips-tablet-running-firefox-os.html|archive-date=June 5, 2015}}</ref> and revision 6 for 64-bit MIPS64<ref name="arch" />}} architectures also officially supported in later versions of Android. MIPS support has since been deprecated and support was removed in NDK r17.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/abis.html#mips64 |title=ABI Management<!-- {{!}} Android NDK-->|website=Android Developers|language=en|access-date=August 17, 2018}}</ref>
Android{{nbsp}}1.0 through 1.5 required a 2 megapixel camera with [[autofocus]] camera. This was relaxed to a [[Fixed-focus lens|fixed-focus]] camera with Android{{nbsp}}1.6.<ref name="android-compatibility">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/compatibility.html |title=Android Developers: Android Compatibility |access-date = June 10, 2021 |website=android.com |url-status=live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131017081434/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/compatibility.html |archive-date = October 17, 2013}}</ref> Android 10 does not require a camera.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 10 Compatibility Definition |url=https://source.android.google.cn/docs/compatibility/10/android-10-cdd?hl=en&utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=6 May 2025}}</ref>
In 2012, Android devices with [[Intel]] processors began to appear, including phones<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phone-reviews/9314362/Orange-San-Diego-Intel-Android-mobile-phone-review.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phone-reviews/9314362/Orange-San-Diego-Intel-Android-mobile-phone-review.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Orange San Diego Intel Android mobile phone review |last1=Warman |first1=Matt |date=June 7, 2012 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=June 19, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on [[ARM64]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop.html |title=Android Lollipop |access-date = November 24, 2014 |website=Android Developers |quote=It's supported on ARM, x86, and MIPS architectures and is fully 64-bit compatible. |url-status=live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141125084524/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop.html |archive-date = November 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://techbeasts.com/how-to-check-which-of-the-processor-arm-arm64-or-x86-powers-your-smartphone/ |title=How to check which of the Processor, ARM, ARM64 or x86, powers your smartphone |date=April 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127151623/http://techbeasts.com/how-to-check-which-of-the-processor-arm-arm64-or-x86-powers-your-smartphone |archive-date=November 27, 2016}}</ref> Since Android{{nbsp}}5.0 Lollipop, 64-bit variants of all platforms are supported in addition to the 32-bit variants.
Requirements for the minimum amount of [[Random-access memory|RAM]] for devices running Android 7.1 depend on screen size and density and type of CPU, ranging from 816{{nbsp}}MB–1.8{{nbsp}}GB<!--1824MB--> for 64-bit and 512{{nbsp}}MB–1.3{{nbsp}}GB<!--1344MB--> for 32-bit meaning in practice 1{{nbsp}}GB<!--608MB or 944MB--> for the most common type of display (while minimum for Android watch is 416{{nbsp}}MB).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/compatibility/7.1/android-7.1-cdd.pdf |title=Android 7.1 Compatibility Definition |access-date=August 23, 2017}}</ref>{{efn|{{BDprefix|p=D}}}} The recommendation for Android{{nbsp}}4.4 is to have at least 512{{nbsp}}MB of RAM,<ref>{{cite web |title=Android KitKat |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Portal |access-date=November 16, 2013 |publisher=android.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116015420/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |archive-date=November 16, 2013}}</ref> while for "low RAM" devices 340{{nbsp}}MB is the required minimum amount that does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as the [[baseband processor]].<ref name="cdd-4.4">{{cite book |title=Android Compatibility Definition Document |date=November 27, 2013 |edition=4.4 |page=33 |section=7.6.1 |url=http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en/us/compatibility/android-cdd.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304103236/http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en/us/compatibility/android-cdd.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2014 |access-date=February 26, 2014}}</ref> Android 4.4 requires a [[32-bit computing|32-bit]] [[ARMv7]], [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]] or [[x86]] architecture processor,<ref name="ARMAN-4.0-on-x86">{{cite web |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors |title=Google's Android 4.0 ported to x86 processors |last=Shah |first=Agam |date=December 1, 2011 |work=Computerworld |publisher=International Data Group |access-date=February 20, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124084934/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors |archive-date=January 24, 2012}}</ref> together with an [[OpenGL ES]] 2.0 compatible [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU).<ref name="android-opengl-2.0">{{cite web |url=http://source.android.com/devices/graphics.html |title=Android Developers: Graphics |access-date = November 15, 2015 |website=Android Developers | url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141010074412/http://source.android.com/devices/graphics.html |archive-date = October 10, 2014}}</ref> Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.2 and since Android 7.0 [[Vulkan]] (and version 1.1 available for some devices<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://developer.nvidia.com/vulkan-android |title=Vulkan on Android |quote=Vulkan 1.1 is available as a Developer Preview OTA for the NVIDIA SHIELD TV. |date=February 10, 2016 |work=NVIDIA Developer|access-date=March 21, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>). Some applications may explicitly require a certain version of the OpenGL ES, and suitable GPU hardware is required to run such applications.<ref name="android-opengl-2.0" /> In 2021, Android was ported to [[RISC-V]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Android has been ported to a RISC-V board |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-risc-v-port/ |website=[[xda-developers]] |access-date=January 25, 2021 |date=January 21, 2021}}</ref> In 2021, Qualcomm said it will provide a longer support period for its [[chipset]]s, starting with the [[Snapdragon 888]], which will help extend Android update support for these devices. With this promise, devices using Qualcomm chipsets will have a total of three Android version upgrades and of four years of security updates.<ref>{{cite web |title=Future Android phones may get 4 years of updates, thanks to Google and Qualcomm |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/12/16/google-and-qualcomm-just-announced-huge-news-for-android-os-updates/ |website=Android Police |date=December 16, 2020}}</ref>
== See also ==
{{portal|Computer programming}}
* [[iOS version history]]
* {{Section link|
==
{{Notelist
== References ==
{{Reflist
== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.android.com|name=Official Android website}}
* [
{{Android}}
{{Google
[[Category:Android (operating system)|Version history]]
[[Category:Google operating systems]]
[[Category:Lists of operating systems]]
[[Category:Mobile operating systems]]
[[Category:Software version histories]]
[[Category:Tablet operating systems]]
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