Python (genus): Difference between revisions

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| taxon = Python

| authority = [[François Marie Daudin|Daudin]], 1803

| type_species = ''[[Python molurus|Boa molura]]''{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

| type_species_authority = [[Linnaeus]], 1758

| subdivision_ranks = Species

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}}

'''''Python''''' is a [[genus]] of constricting snakes[[snake]]s in the [[Pythonidae]] [[Family (biology)|family]] native to the [[tropics]] and subtropics of the [[Eastern Hemisphere]].<ref name="McD99">{{cite book |last1=McDiarmid |first1=R. W. |last2=Campbell |first2=J. A. |last3=Touré |first3=T. |year=1999 |title=Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Volume 1 |___location=Washington, DC |publisher=Herpetologists' League |isbn=1893777014 |chapter=''Python'' }}</ref>

The name ''python'' was proposed by [[François Marie Daudin]] in 1803 for non-venomous flecked snakes.<ref name=Daudin>{{cite book |last1=Daudin |first1=F. M. |year=1803 |title=Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des reptiles. Tome 8 |___location=Paris |publisher=De l'Imprimerie de F. Dufart |page=384 |chapter=''Python'' |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/histoirenaturel181802daud/page/384}}</ref>

Currently, 10 python [[species]] are recognized as [[Valid name (zoology)|valid]] [[taxa]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barker |first1=D. G. |last2=Barker |first2=T. M. |last3=Davis |first3=M. A. |last4=Schuett |first4=G. W. |year=2015 |title=A review of the systematics and taxonomy of Pythonidae: an ancient serpent lineage |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=1−19 |doi=10.1111/zoj.12267 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274892692|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Three formerly considered python subspecies have been promoted, and a new species recognized.{{since when|date=September 2022}}

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In 1993, seven python species were recognized as valid taxa.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kluge, A. G. |year=1993 |title=Aspidites and the phylogeny of pythonine snakes |journal=Records of the Australian Museum |issue=Supplement 19 |pages=1–77}}</ref>

On the basis of [[phylogenetic]] analyses, between seven and 13 python species are recognized.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lawson, R. |author2=Slowinski, J. B. |author3=Burbrink, F. T. |year=2004 |title=A molecular approach to discerning the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic snake ''Xenophidion schaeferi'' among the Alethinophidia |journal=Journal of Zoology |volume=263 |issue=3 |pages=285–294 |doi=10.1017/s0952836904005278 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Reynolds, R. G. |author2=Niemiller, M. L. |author3=Revell, L. J. |year=2014 |title=Toward a tree-of-life for the boas and pythons: multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=71 |issue=71 |pages=201–213|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011 |pmid=24315866 |bibcode=2014MolPE..71..201G }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"

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|[[Least Concern|{{IUCN status|LC|192169}}]]<ref name=iucn_brongersmai>{{cite iucn |title=''Python brongersmai'' |name-list-style=amp |author=Grismer, L. |author2=Chan-Ard, T. |year=2012 |page=e.T192169A2050353 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192169A2050353.en |access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref><br>[[File:Geographic_distributions-Python.curtus-brongersmai-breitensteini.jpg|frameless]]<br>Range shown in red

|- style="vertical-align: top;"

|[[Python kyaiktiyo|Myanmar short-tailed python]] (''P. kyaiktiyo''; Zug, Gotte & Jacobs, 2011)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zug |first1=G. R. |last2=Gotte |first2=S. W. |last3=Jacobs |first3=J. F. |year=2011 |title=Pythons in Burma: Short-tailed python (Reptilia: Squamata) |journal=Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington |volume=124 |issue=2 |pages=112−136 |doi=10.2988/10-34.1 |bibcode=2011PBSW..124..112Z |s2cid=86424371 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232683390}}</ref>

|[[File:P.kyaiktiyo II.png|frameless]]

|[[Vulnerable species|{{IUCN status|VU|199854}}]]<ref name=iucn_kyaiktiyo>{{cite iucn |title=''Python kyaiktiyo'' |name-list-style=amp |author=Wogan, G. |author2=Chan-Ard, T. |year=2012 |page=e.T199854A2614411 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T199854A2614411.en |access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref><br>West of the [[Tenasserim Hills]], [[Myanmar]]<ref name=iucn_kyaiktiyo/>

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=== Invasive ===

Some suggest that ''P. bivittatus'' and ''P. sebae'' have the potential to be problematic invasive species in South [[Florida]].<ref name="SD">{{Cite news |title=Python Snakes, An Invasive Species In Florida, Could Spread To One Third Of US |date=2008 |work=ScienceDaily |access-date=2017-08-01 |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080223111456.htm}}</ref> In early 2016, after a culling operation yielded 106 pythons, [[Everglades National Park]] officials suggested that "thousands" may live within the park, and that the species has been breeding there for some years. More recent data suggest that these pythons would not withstand winter climates north of Florida, contradicting previous research suggesting a more significant geographic potential range.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Avery |first1=M. L. |last2=Engeman |first2=R. M. |last3=Keacher |first3=K. L. |last4=Humphrey |first4=J. S. |last5=Bruce |first5=W. E. |last6=Mathies |first6=T. C. |last7=Mauldin |first7=R. E. |year=2010 |title=Cold weather and the potential range of invasive Burmese pythons |journal=Biological Invasions |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=3649−3652 |doi=10.1007/s10530-010-9761-4|bibcode=2010BiInv..12.3649A |s2cid=2060365 |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1859&context=icwdm_usdanwrc |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Uses==

[[File:Spider Morph Ball Python.png|thumb|Ball pythons commonly exhibit mutations, such as this "Spider" morph, and are popular among snake keepers. As a Side-note: though it is a very pretty morph, specifically the "Spider" morph is known to come with a neurological health issue and is not recommended to breed anymore, since the so called "Wobble" can't be bred out, nor can it be treated or controlled and continues to stress out the animal.]]

Python skin is used to make clothing, such as vests, belts, boots and shoes, or fashion accessories such as handbags. It may also be stretched and formed as the sound board of some string musical instruments, such as the [[erhu]] spike-fiddle, [[sanxian]] and the [[sanshin]] lutes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.erhuworld.com/|title=8814vip葡京官方入口·网站首頁|website=www.erhuworld.com}}</ref><ref name="asovivasanshin.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.asovivasanshin.com/introduction.html |title=About Sanshin: Introduction to the asian banjo - the Okinawan sanshin |access-date=2015-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821200923/http://www.asovivasanshin.com/introduction.html |archive-date=2016-08-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

With a high demand of snake skin in the current fashion industry, countries in Africa and Southern Asia partake in the legal and illegal selling of python skin. Providing an extremely low pay for the hunters with an extremely high selling product for the consumers, there is an enormous gap between the beginning and end of the snake skin trade.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Wahab |name-list-style=amp |author2=Maulany, R. I. |author3=Nasri |author4=Nirsyawita |year=2020 |title=Hunting and trading activities of reticulated python (''Python reticulatus'') in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: A report from the field |journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |volume=486 |issue=1 |pages=12029– |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012029 |bibcode=2020E&ES..486a2029W |s2cid=219739375 |url=|doi-access=free }}</ref>

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== Etymology ==

The word 'Python' is derived from the [[Latin language|Latin]] word 'pȳthon' and the [[Greek language|Greek]] word 'πύθων', both referring to the "''[[Python (mythology)|serpent slainPython]]'', who"the wasserpent fabledslain, according to havethe been called [[Pythius]] in commemoration of his victorymyth, near [[Delphi]] by [[Apollo]], accordingwho was fabled to thehave mythbeen called Pythius in commemoration of this victory".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=C. T. |last2=Short |first2=C. |year=1879 |title=A Latin Dictionary |___location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |chapter=Pȳthon |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3DPython}}</ref>

{{-}}

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==

{{Wikispecies}}

{{Commons and category|Python (genus)}}

{{Americana Poster|Python (serpent)|Python (genus)}}

* {{NRDB genus|genus=Python|date=11 September|year=2007}}