Small joint manipulation: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Grappling method}}

: ''For {{for|the medical procedure, see '''[[|Joint manipulation]]'''''}}

{{Infobox Grappling hold

|name = Small joint manipulation

|image = Kuksanim e sérgio2.jpg

|image_size = 300px

|alt =

|caption =

|aka =

|parent_style =

|classification = [[Joint-lock]]

|parent_hold =

|child_holds =

}}

'''Small joint manipulation''', in [[grappling]], refers to twisting, pulling or bending [[finger]]s or, [[toes]], [[wrists]] and [[ankles]] to cause [[joint lock]]s in the various [[joint]]s in those [[appendage]]s. Joint locks on fingers and toes are respectively referred to as '''finger locks''' and '''toe locks'''.

== Technique ==

'''Small joint manipulation''' refers to twisting, pulling or bending [[finger]]s or [[toes]] to cause [[joint lock]]s in the various [[joint]]s in those [[appendage]]s. Joint locks on fingers and toes are respectively referred to as '''finger locks''' and '''toe locks'''.

Most small joint manipulation is done on the hands or feet to hyperextend joints as part of a pain compliance strategy. The basic techniques of small-joint manipulation involve grabbing and bending back one or more fingers/toes and by applying pressure to the wrist/ankle joints that disrupt the interconnectivity of the system of smaller joints within. If pain compliance does not work, such hyperextension can tear tendons in the wrist or break the smaller bones in the hands and feet. The [[lever]]age needed for such joint manipulation is comparatively small and creates a distinct advantage over techniques in martial arts that require the exertion of large amounts of force, thus small joint manipulation can allow a weaker person, with the right training, to control a stronger one.

Small joint manipulation is an illegal technique in most combat sports that feature [[joint lock]]ing such as [[Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]], [[judo]], [[mixed martial arts]] and [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]], since unlike standard joint locks, there is less of an opportunity to submit before the small joint breaks. Most combat sports post-2015 have identified and limited definitions of small joint locks to finger and toe locks. Although, wrist locks are also severely limited in most of these sports because of rules forbidding grabbing handguards or hands, forbidding the use of pressure points, and the protections provided from the handguards and taping of the wrists. Small Joint Locks are, however, taught as a [[self-defense]] and [[grappling hold#Pain compliance hold|pain compliance]] technique, for instance in [[hapkido]], [[Chin Na]], [[jujutsu]], [[Krav Maga]], and [[aikido]], <ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytZn8GhBEAIC&q=finger+manipulation+aikido&pg=PA182 | title=Aikido Exercises for Teaching and Training| isbn=9781556433146| last1=Shifflett| first1=C. M.| year=1999}}</ref>'.

== Explanation ==

The [[leverage]] needed for such joint manipulation is comparatively small, since grabbing a finger or two with one or both [[hands]] creates a distinct advantage, and means that a weaker person can possibly control a stronger one. Grabbing only one finger may lead to the opponent being able to pull it free, while grabbing three or more reduces the leverage advantage considerably, and hence it is sometimes advised to grab two fingers for maximum effect.

Small joint manipulation is an illegal technique in most combat sports that feature [[joint lock]]ing such as [[Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]], [[Judo]], [[Mixed Martial Arts]] and [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]], since unlike standard joint locks, there is less of an opportunity to "tap out" or submit before the small joint breaks. It is however sometimes taught as a [[self-defense]] and [[grappling hold#Pain compliance hold|pain compliance]] technique, for instance in [[Chin Na]], [[Aikido]], [[Kenpo]], [[Jujutsu]], and especially in '[[Small Circle JuJitsu]]'. It is also an important part of [[koppojutsu|koppo]]-techniques, e.g. in [[ninjutsu]].

==See also==

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==References==

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* Modern Kempo Martial arts. [http://www.modernkempo.com/prod04.htm Small Circle Jujitsu]. ''www.modernkempo.com''. URL last accessed [[March 6]] [[2006]].

* Yoshin Ryu Ju-jitsu[http://www.angelfire.com/nj4/thesync/yoshinryujujitsuinstruction.html Yoshin Ryu Ju-jitsu Instruction]. ''www.angelfire.com''. URL last accessed [[March 6]] [[2006]].

* Zine.infinitemma.com. [http://zine.infinitemma.com/index.php?page=MMA_Terms MMA Terms]. ''zine.infinitemma.com''. URL last accessed [[March 6]] [[2006]].

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{{refend}}

<!-- ==External links== -->{{grappling}}

[[Category:Grappling positions]]

[[Category:Joint locks]]

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