Small joint manipulation: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Grappling method}}

{{for|the medical procedure|Joint manipulation}}

{{Infobox Grappling hold

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'''Small joint manipulation''', in [[grappling]], refers to twisting, pulling or bending [[finger]]s, [[toes]], [[wiristswrists]] and [[ankles]] to cause [[joint lock]]s in the various [[joint]]s in those [[appendage]]s. Joint locks on fingers and toes are respectively referred to as '''finger locks''' and '''toe locks'''.

== Technique ==

Most small joint manipulation is done on the hands or feet to hyperextend joints as part of a pain compliance strategy. The basic techniques of small-joint manipulation involve grabbing and bending back one or more fingers/toes and by applying pressure to the wrist/ankle joints that disrupt the interconnectivity of the system of smaller joints within. If pain compliance does not work, such hyperextension can tear tendons in the wrist or break the smaller bones in the hands and feet. The [[lever]]age needed for such joint manipulation is comparatively small and creates a distinct advantage over techniques in martial arts that require the exertion of large amounts of force, thus small joint manipulation can allow a weaker person, with the right training, to control a stronger one.

The [[lever]]age needed for such joint manipulation is comparatively small, since grabbing a finger or two with one or both [[hands]] creates a distinct advantage. Joint manipulation can allow a weaker person with the right training to control a stronger one. Grabbing just the wrist may lead to the opponent being able to pull it free, while grabbing a couple of fingers, instead or along with the wrist, can greatly reinforce a defender's ability to hold on to a wrist lock completely through execution and control.

Small joint manipulation is an illegal technique in most combat sports that feature [[joint lock]]ing such as [[Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]], [[judo]], [[mixed martial arts]] and [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]], since unlike standard joint locks, there is less of an opportunity to submit before the small joint breaks. ItMost iscombat howeversports sometimespost-2015 have identified and limited definitions of small joint locks to finger and toe locks. Although, wrist locks are also severely limited in most of these sports because of rules forbidding grabbing handguards or hands, forbidding the use of pressure points, and the protections provided from the handguards and taping of the wrists. Small Joint Locks are, however, taught as a [[self-defense]] and [[grappling hold#Pain compliance hold|pain compliance]] technique, for instance in [[hapkido]], [[Chin Na]], [[kenpō]], [[jujutsu]], [[Krav Maga]], and [[vale tudoaikido]], and<ref>{{Cite especiallybook in| '[[Smallurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytZn8GhBEAIC&q=finger+manipulation+aikido&pg=PA182 Circle| JuJitsu]]'.title=Aikido ItExercises isfor alsoTeaching anand importantTraining| partisbn=9781556433146| oflast1=Shifflett| koppōjutsufirst1=C. techniquesM.| year=1999}}</ref>'.

==See also==

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* Modern Kempo Martial arts. [http://www.modernkempo.com/prod04.htm Small Circle Jujitsu]. ''www.modernkempo.com''. URL last accessed March 6, 2006.

* Yoshin Ryu Ju-jitsu [http://www.angelfire.com/nj4/thesync/yoshinryujujitsuinstruction.html Yoshin Ryu Ju-jitsu Instruction]. ''www.angelfire.com''. URL last accessed March 6, 2006.

* Zine.infinitemma.com. [http://zine.infinitemma.com/index.php?page=MMA_Terms MMA Terms]. ''zine.infinitemma.com''. URL last accessed March 6, 2006.

{{refend}}