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{{lead missing|date=August 2025}}{{Short description|Version history of the Linux kernel}}
{{broader|History of Linux}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
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at:14/07/2024 # 6.10
at:15/09/2024 # 6.11
at:12/01/2025 # 6.13
at:24/03/2025 # 6.14
at:25/05/2025 # 6.15
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width:14 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:M
bar:6.17
color:DEV from:10/08/2025 till:$now text:6.17.x
# https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/refs/tags
bar:6.16
color:DEV from:08/06/2025 till:
color:SUPPORT from:27/07/2025 till:$now
# https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/refs/tags
bar:6.15
color:DEV from:06/04/2025 till:24/05/2025 text:6.15.x
color:SUPPORT from:25/05/2025 till:
# https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/refs/tags
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! Prominent features
! Notes
<!-- Versions with data from Wikidata -->
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|{{Version|cp|{{string split|{{wikidata|property|preferred|Q14579|P348|P548=Q1072356}}|"-"}}}}
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|-<!-- Latest stable version - remove the ".0" once the version becomes .1 -->
|▼
|{{Version|c|{{#invoke:Strip version patch|main|{{wikidata|property|preferred|Q14579|P348|P548=Q2804309}}}}}}
|-▼
|{{wikidata|qualifier|reference|edit|Q14579|P348|{{#invoke:Strip version patch|main|{{wikidata|property|preferred|Q14579|P348|P548=Q2804309}}}}|P577}}
|{{version|c|6.15}}▼
|25 May 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiLRW8DN8-4jmeCZH0OpO8skXOC5e6FwMfsPwGMpQYmVQ@mail.gmail.com/|title=Linux 6.15|date=2025-05-25}}</ref>▼
|{{wikidata|property|preferred|reference|edit|Q14579|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
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<!-- older versions -->
▲|-
▲| 25 May 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/
|
|20 August 2025
▲|
* Btrfs: fast Zstd compression support<ref>{{Cite web |title=Btrfs Adding Fast/Realtime Zstd Compression & Other Performance Optimizations |url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.15-Btrfs |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=www.phoronix.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|-
| {{Version|o|6.14}}▼
| 24 March 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wg7TO09Si5tTPyhdrLLvyYtVmCf+GGN4kVJ0=Xk=5TE3g@mail.gmail.com/|author=Linus Torvalds|title=Linux 6.14|date=2024-03-24}}</ref>
▲|{{Version|o|6.14}}
| 6.14.11<ref name=":38" />▼
▲|24 March 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wg7TO09Si5tTPyhdrLLvyYtVmCf+GGN4kVJ0=Xk=5TE3g@mail.gmail.com/|author=Linus Torvalds|title=Linux 6.14|date=2024-03-24}}</ref>
| 10 June 2025<ref>{{
▲|6.14.11<ref name=":38" />
▲| 10 June 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=linux-kernel.vger.kernel.org archive mirror|url= https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025061030-latticed-capacity-dc94@gregkh/T/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=lore.kernel.org}}</ref>
|
* Improved [[Wine (software)|Wine]] speed<ref>{{
* [[Microsoft Copilot|Copilot]] key support<ref>{{cite web
|
|-
| {{
| 20 January 2025<ref>{{
| 6.13.12{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 20 April 2025<ref>{{
|
* New handheld support
* Intel Arc B series support
|
|-
| {{
| 17 November 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wgtGkHshfvaAe_O2ntnFBH3EprNk1juieLmjcF2HBwBgQ@mail.gmail.com/|author=Linus Torvalds|title=Linux 6.12|date=2024-11-17}}</ref>
| 6.12.
| December
|
* [[Real-time operating system|Real-time]] support for x86/x86_64, RISC-V, and ARM64<ref name=":36">{{
* [[User space and kernel space|Userspace]] [[Scheduling (computing)|scheduler]] extensions support<ref>{{
* [[QR code|QR codes]] for [[Direct Rendering Manager|DRM]] [[Kernel panic|panic]] messages<ref name=":36" />
| 25th LTS release<ref name=":38">{{
5th SLTS with 10 years of support through 2035.<ref>{{
|-
| {{Version|o|6.11}}
| 15 September 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=whVpSHw9+4ov=oLevfv8sPYbh59T_9VKif-6Vqkr41jQA@mail.gmail.com/|author=Linus Torvalds|title=Linux 6.11|date=2024-09-15}}</ref>
| 6.11.11<ref name=":37">{{
| 5 December 2024<ref name=":37" />
|
* [[Atomicity (database systems)|Atomic]] writes support for buffered I/O<ref>{{
* Dedicated bucket [[Slab allocation|slab allocator]] to help protect against [[heap spraying]]<ref name=":34">{{
* [[vDSO]] implementation of [[getrandom]]()<ref name=":34" />
|
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| 10 October 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2024101047-unclothed-armadillo-6520@gregkh/|author=Greg Kroah-Hartman|title=Linux 6.10.14|date=2024-10-10|access-date=2024-10-11}}</ref>
|
* Memory-allocation profiling<ref name=":4">{{
* Encrypted interactions with [[Trusted Platform Module|trusted platform modules]]<ref name=":4" />
| Named "Baby Opossum Posse"<ref>{{
|-
| {{Version|o|6.9}}
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| 27 July 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2024072948-glimmer-glitch-6a95@gregkh/|author=Greg Kroah-Hartman|title=Re: Linux 6.9.12|date=2024-07-29|access-date=2024-07-30}}</ref>
|
* Improved performance for Intel Core Ultra ([[Meteor Lake]])<ref name=":69">{{
* Support for AMD P-State Preferred Cores<ref name=":69" />
* Intel FRED (Flexible Return Event Delivery)<ref name=":69" />
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* Faster boot times for systems with lots of RAM and using HugeTLBs<ref name=":69" />
* DM VDO (Device Mapper Virtual Data Optimizer) mainlined<ref name=":69" />
* Hibernate [[LZ4 (compression algorithm)|LZ4 compression]] support<ref>{{
|-
| {{Version|o|6.8}}
| 10 March 2024{{r|ACTIVE}}
| 6.8.12{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 30 May 2024<ref>{{cite web
|
|
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| 3 April 2024
|
* Initial [[Bcachefs]] filesystem support<ref name=":0">{{
* [[Itanium]] support removed<ref name=":0" />
* Intel Meteor Lake Graphics declared stable<ref name=":0" />
* Initial [[nouveau (software)|Nouveau]] support for Nvidia GSP firmware<ref name=":0" />
* Ability to disable [[IA-32]] support at boot time on [[AMD64]]<ref name=":3">{{
* Expansion of AMD Seamless Boot Support<ref name=":3" />
* Improvement in loading of x86 microcode<ref name=":3" />
* Support for [[RAID]] stripe tree, simple quota accounting, and temporary FSID added to [[Btrfs]]<ref>{{
* [[JFS (file system)|JFS]] minor stability improvements<ref name=":3" />
| According to Linus Torvalds, "one of the largest kernel releases we've ever had"<ref name=":0" />
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| {{Version|co|6.6}}
| 29 October 2023{{r|ACTIVE}}
| 6.6.
| December 2026
|
* The new [[Earliest eligible virtual deadline first scheduling|EEVDF]] process scheduler was merged. It aims to replace the [[Completely Fair Scheduler|CFS]] scheduler.
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The one last minute change was made to the credits of ReiserFS as requested from the original developer.
|-
| {{
| 27 August 2023{{r|ACTIVE}}
| 6.5.13{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 28 November 2023<ref>{{cite web
|
* Initial [[USB4]] v2.0 support<ref name=":35">{{
* [[MIDI 2.0]] support<ref name=":35" />
|
|-
| {{
| 25 June 2023{{r|ACTIVE}}
| 6.4.16{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 13 September 2023<ref>{{cite web
|
* Intel Linear Address Masking<ref>{{
* Partial support for [[Apple M2]]<ref name="6.4">{{
* Autonomous frequency and power control on [[AMD Zen]] architecture CPUs<ref>{{
* Support for [[RISC-V]] [[Hibernation (computing)|hibernation]] on future laptops{{r|6.4}}
* Improvements for [[LoongArch]] CPU architecture{{r|6.4}}
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|
|-
| {{
| 23 April 2023{{r|ACTIVE}}
| 6.3.13{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 11 July 2023<ref>{{cite web
|
* Even more Rust in the kernel
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|
|-
| {{
| 19 February 2023{{r|ACTIVE}}
| 6.2.16{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 17 May 2023<ref>{{cite web
|
* Intel Arc drivers are now deemed "stable" and on by default.
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|
|-
| {{
| {{dts|format=dmy|2022|12|11}}<ref>{{
| 6.1.
| December 2027{{r|ACTIVE}}
August 2033<ref name="CIP maintenance">{{cite web|title=CIP maintenance|url=https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/civilinfrastructureplatform/start#kernel_maintainership|access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>
|
* [[Rust for Linux|Support for writing kernel modules in Rust]]<ref>{{
* Multi-Gen LRU [[Page replacement algorithm|page reclaiming]]<ref>{{cite web |title=mm: multi-gen LRU: design doc |url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=8be976a0937a |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Kernel.org git repositories |author=Yu Zhao |date=Aug 18, 2022 }}</ref> (not yet enabled by default)
* Btrfs performance improvements<ref>{{cite web |title=Linux Kernel 6.1 Released, This is What's New |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/12/linux-kernel-6-1-released-new-features |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=OMG! Ubuntu |first1=Joey |last1=Sneddon |date=12 December 2022 }}</ref>
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* Improved support for game controllers<ref>{{cite web |title=Linux kernel 6.1 is out now |url=https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2022/12/linux-kernel-61-is-out-now/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=gamingonlinux.com|date=12 December 2022 }}</ref>
| 23rd LTS release<br/>Used in Debian 12 "Bookworm"<ref>{{cite web |title=Debian 12 -- Release Notes|url=https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/release-notes/ch-whats-new.en.html|website=www.debian.org |access-date=20 June 2023}}</ref>
4th SLTS release (which CIP<ref>{{cite web
6.1.28 is named Curry Ramen<ref>{{
|-
| {{Version|o|6.0}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2022|10|02}}<ref>{{
| 6.0.19<ref name=SIXNINETEEN>{{
| January 2023{{r|SIXNINETEEN}}
|
* Performance improvements on Intel Xeon 'Ice Lake', AMD Ryzen 'Threadripper', AMD EPYC<ref>{{cite web
* New hardware support including Intel, AMD, Qualcomm<ref>{{cite web
| Named "Hurr durr {{sic|I'm|a}} ninja sloth"<ref>{{
|-
| colspan="7" | <small>{{Version|l|show=111110}}</small>
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| {{Version|co|5.15}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|10|31}}<ref>{{cite mailing list |title= Linux 5.15 |url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wjfbfQobW2jygMvgfJXKmzZNB=UTzBrFs2vTEzVpBXA4Q@mail.gmail.com/|date=31 October 2021 |access-date=1 November 2021 |last=Torvalds |first=Linus |author-link=Linus Torvalds |mailing-list=[[LKML]]}}</ref>
| 5.15.
| December 2026{{r|ACTIVE}}
|
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| {{Version|co|5.10}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2020|12|13}}<ref>{{cite mailing list|title=Linux 5.10|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=whCKhxNyKn1Arut8xUDKTwp3fWcCj_jbL5dbzkUmo45gQ@mail.gmail.com/|date=13 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020|first=Linus|last=Torvalds|author-link=Linus Torvalds|mailing-list=[[LKML]]}}</ref>
| 5.10.
| Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin{{r|ACTIVE}}
| December 2026{{r|ACTIVE}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Larabel|first=Michael|date=2020-10-26|title=Linux 5.10 Is The Next LTS Kernel|work=Phoronix|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.10-LTS-Kernel|access-date=2020-10-27}}</ref><br />
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| {{Version|co|5.4}}
| | {{dts|format=dmy|2019|11|24}}<ref>{{cite mailing list |title=Linux 5.4 |url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wjmzaD=BZ1hjUYu+RTnSGDLfCRwCdg99GeQpCjEwo9uzw@mail.gmail.com/ |date=24 November 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |last=Torvalds |first=Linus |author-link=Linus Torvalds |mailing-list=[[LKML]]}}</ref>
| 5.4.
| Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin{{r|ACTIVE}}
| December 2025{{r|ACTIVE}}
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| Named Shy [[Crocodile]]<ref name="kernel-name_shy-crocodile">{{cite web|date=2018-11-25|title=kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree|url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=2e6e902d185027f8e3cb8b7305238f7e35d6a436|access-date=2018-11-26|website=Kernel.org git repositories}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|
| | {{dts|format=dmy|2018|10|22}}<ref>{{cite mailing list |title=Linux 4.19 |url=http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1810.2/05220.html |date=22 October 2018 |access-date=22 October 2018 |last=Kroah-Hartman |first=Greg |author-link=Greg Kroah-Hartman |mailing-list=[[LKML]]}}</ref>
| 4.19.325{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}4.19-st6<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Making sure you're not a bot! |url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cip/linux-cip.git |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=git.kernel.org}}</ref>
| Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin{{r|ACTIVE}}
Ulrich Hecht & Pavel Machek<ref name="CIP maintenance" />
| December 2024{{r|ACTIVE}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.softpedia.com/news/it-s-official-linux-kernel-4-19-will-be-the-next-lts-long-term-support-series-522452.shtml|title=It's Official: Linux Kernel 4.19 Will Be the Next LTS (Long-Term Support) Series|last=Nestor|first=Marius|date=5 September 2018|website=Softpedia|access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref><br />
January 2029<ref name="CIP maintenance"/>
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|
|-
| {{Version|
| {{dts|format=dmy|2016|01|10}}<ref>{{cite mailing list |url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/1/10/305 |title=Linux 4.4 |last=Torvalds |first=Linus |author-link=Linus Torvalds |date=10 January 2016 |mailing-list=[[LKML]] |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref>
| 4.4.302<ref name="latest 4.4">{{cite mailing list |url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1643877137240249@kroah.com/ |title=Linux 4.4.302 |last=Kroah-Hartman |first=Greg |author-link=Greg Kroah-Hartman |date=3 February 2022 |mailing-list=[[LKML]] |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>4.4-st66<ref name=":15" />
| Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin{{r|ACTIVE}}
|
January 2027<ref name="CIP maintenance"/>
|
| 16th LTS release, used in Slackware 14.2.<ref>{{cite web|title=Slackware 14.2 announcement|url=http://slackware.osuosl.org/slackware-14.2/ANNOUNCE.14_2|access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> Canonical provided extended support until April 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ubuntu kernel lifecycle and enablement stack |website=Ubuntu.com |url=https://ubuntu.com/kernel/lifecycle#support-16-04}}</ref> As the first kernel selected for Super Long Term Support (SLTS), the Civil Infrastructure Platform will provide support until at least 2026.<ref name = "CIP">{{cite web |title=Kernel Maintenance |website=Linux Foundation Wiki |url=https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/civilinfrastructureplatform/cipkernelmaintenance}}</ref> Used in [[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS]]
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| December 2005<ref name="2.6.13.5 release" />
|
* [[initramfs]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fox |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VG8LBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA450&dq=initramfs+2.6.13&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZ8N2h6KiPAxW1RKQEHXUaJKkQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=initramfs%202.6.13&f=false |title=Linux with Operating System Concepts |date=2014-08-26 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4822-3589-0 |pages=450 |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | Named Woozy [[Numbat]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.ciol.com/ciol/news/35712/woozy-numbat-released
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| publisher = Informationweek
| date = 2004-12-29
| access-date = 2013-09-12}}</ref>The 2.6.12 release was the first one managed by [[Git]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linux 2.6.12 |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/140441/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=LWN.net |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.6.12}}
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* [[watchdog timer]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Import 1.3.51 - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree |url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=1.3.51&id=85ed1260f6998849a1f82fb3e7bfd24ae3fb067f |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=git.kernel.org}}</ref>
* Automatic [[Loadable kernel module|modules]] loading<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is kerneld? |url=https://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Kerneld/introduction.html |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=www.linuxdoc.org}}</ref>
* [[initrd]] boot support<ref>{{Cite web |title=1. The Linux/x86 Boot Protocol — The Linux Kernel documentation |url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v6.6/arch/x86/boot.html |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=www.kernel.org}}</ref>
* [[bzImage]] support<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rubini |first=Alessandro |date=June 1997 |title=Booting the Kernel |url=https://www.linux.it/~rubini/docs/boot/boot.html |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=www.linux.it}}</ref>
| Greased [[Weasel]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = Test version of new Linux kernel available
| |||