Linux kernel version history: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 21:59, 30 July 2025 edit Psypherium (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users 5,858 edits →Releases 6.x.y: fully standardised this section to help finding bug. All "cite web" in lower case to match documentation. All "Version" in upper case "V" to match documentation. Tag: 2017 wikitext editor ← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 15:59, 26 August 2025 edit undo The RedBurn (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users 6,642 edits →Releases before 2.6.0: +bzImage support Tag: Visual edit
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Line 1: {{lead missing\|date=August 2025}}{{Short description\|Version history of the Linux kernel}} {{broader\|History of Linux}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2020}} Line 590: Define $now = {{CURRENTDAY2}}/{{CURRENTMONTH}}/{{CURRENTYEAR}} ImageSize = width:940 height:~~330~~360 PlotArea = right:0 left:0 bottom:40 top:24 AlignBars = justify Line 615: PlotData = width:14 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:M bar:6.17 color:DEV from:10/08/2025 till:$now text:6.17.x # https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/refs/tags bar:6.16 Line 623 ⟶ 627: bar:6.15 color:DEV from:06/04/2025 till:24/05/2025 text:6.15.x color:SUPPORT from:25/05/2025 till:~~$now~~20/08/2025 # https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/refs/tags Line 715 ⟶ 719: <!-- Versions with data from Wikidata --> <!-- Preview (rc) version: ~~there is currently no rc version~~--> \|- \|{{Version\|cp\|{{string split\|{{wikidata\|property\|preferred\|Q14579\|P348\|P548=Q1072356}}\|"-"}}}} Line 723 ⟶ 727: \| \| \| ~~-->~~ \|-<!-- Latest stable version - remove the ".0" once the version becomes .1 --> \|{{Version\|c\|{{#invoke:Strip version patch\|main\|{{wikidata\|property\|preferred\|Q14579\|P348\|P548=Q2804309}}}}}} Line 730 ⟶ 732: \|{{wikidata\|property\|preferred\|reference\|edit\|Q14579\|P348\|P548=Q2804309}} \| rowspan="6" \|[[Greg Kroah-Hartman]] \| \| \| <!-- older versions --> \|- \| {{Version\|co\|6.15}} \| 25 May 2025<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wiLRW8DN8-4jmeCZH0OpO8skXOC5e6FwMfsPwGMpQYmVQ@mail.gmail.com/\|author=Linus Torvalds\|title=Linux 6.15\|date=2025-05-25}}</ref> \| 6.15.811<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/~~2025072411~~2025080157-~~verse~~pancreas-~~impish~~fleshed-~~e790~~73c0@gregkh/\|author=Greg Kroah-Hartman\|title=Linux 6.15.89\|date=2025-0708-2401}}</ref> \|20 August 2025 \| \| \| * Btrfs: fast Zstd compression support<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Btrfs Adding Fast/Realtime Zstd Compression & Other Performance Optimizations \|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.15-Btrfs \|access-date=2025-07-31 \|website=www.phoronix.com \|language=en}}</ref> \| \|- \| {{Version\|o\|6.14}} \| 24 March 2025<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wg7TO09Si5tTPyhdrLLvyYtVmCf+GGN4kVJ0=Xk=5TE3g@mail.gmail.com/\|author=Linus Torvalds\|title=Linux 6.14\|date=2024-03-24}}</ref> \| 6.14.11<ref name=":38" /> \| 10 June 2025<ref>{{cite web\|title=Linux 6.14.11\|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025061030-latticed-capacity-dc94@gregkh/T/\|access-date=2025-06-10\|website=lore.kernel.org}}</ref> \| Line 752 ⟶ 753: \| \|- \| {{Version\|o\|6.13}} \| 20 January 2025<ref>{{cite web\|title=Linux 6.13\|url=https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wiprabAQcCwb3qNhrT5P50MJNqunC9JU5v99kdvM-2rsg@mail.gmail.com/T/#u\|access-date=2025-01-21\|website=lore.kernel.org}}</ref> \| 6.13.12{{r\|KERNELARCHIVES}} \| 20 April 2025<ref>{{cite web \|title=linux-kernel.vger.kernel.org archive mirror\|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025042056-bullish-tank-f386@gregkh/T/ \|access-date=2025-04-21 \|website=lore.kernel.org}}</ref> \| * New handheld support * Intel Arc B series support \| \|- \| {{Version\|co\|6.12}} \| 17 November 2024<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wgtGkHshfvaAe_O2ntnFBH3EprNk1juieLmjcF2HBwBgQ@mail.gmail.com/\|author=Linus Torvalds\|title=Linux 6.12\|date=2024-11-17}}</ref> \| 6.12.4043{{r\|KERNELARCHIVES}} \| December ~~2026~~2036 \| * [[Real-time operating system\|Real-time]] support for x86/x86_64, RISC-V, and ARM64<ref name=":36">{{cite web \|title=Linux 6.12 Features Are Super Exciting With Real-Time, Sched_ext, Intel Xe2 & Raspberry Pi 5 \|url=https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-612-features \|access-date=2024-11-22 \|website=www.phoronix.com \|language=en}}</ref> Line 770 ⟶ 772: * [[QR code\|QR codes]] for [[Direct Rendering Manager\|DRM]] [[Kernel panic\|panic]] messages<ref name=":36" /> \| 25th LTS release<ref name=":38">{{cite web \|title=The Linux Kernel Archives - Releases \|url=https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html \|access-date=2024-12-05 \|website=www.kernel.org}}</ref> 5th SLTS with 10 years of support through 2035.<ref>{{cite web \|last=rnkenchor \|date=2025-01-13 \|title=Kernel 6.12 will have 10 years support via CIP – Are all your maintenance problems solved? \|url=https://www.cip-project.org/blog/2025/01/13/kernel-6-12-will-have-10-years-support-via-cip-are-all-your-maintenance-problems-solved \|access-date=2025-03-20 \|website=Civil Infrastructure Platform \|language=en-US}}</ref> Used in [[Debian]] 13 "Trixie"<ref>{{cite web\|title=Release Notes for Debian 13 (trixie)\|website=Debian.org\|url=https://www.debian.org/releases/trixie/release-notes/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Trixie kernel will be Linux 6.12 LTS\|website=Debian Wiki\|url=https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTrixie}}</ref> and RHEL 10.0 <ref>{{cite web\|title=Release Notes for RHEL 10.0\|website=Redhat.com\|url=https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/10/html/10.0_release_notes/new-features-and-enhancements#new-features-and-enhancements-kernel}}</ref> Used in [[Debian]] 13 "Trixie"<ref>{{cite web \|title=Release Notes for Debian 13 (trixie) \|website=Debian.org \|url=https://www.debian.org/releases/trixie/release-notes/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Trixie kernel will be Linux 6.12 LTS \|website=Debian Wiki \|url=https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTrixie}}</ref> and RHEL 10.0 <ref>{{cite web \|title=Release Notes for RHEL 10.0 \|website=Redhat.com \|url=https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/10/html/10.0_release_notes/new-features-and-enhancements#new-features-and-enhancements-kernel}}</ref> \|- \| {{Version\|o\|6.11}} \| 15 September 2024<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=whVpSHw9+4ov=oLevfv8sPYbh59T_9VKif-6Vqkr41jQA@mail.gmail.com/\|author=Linus Torvalds\|title=Linux 6.11\|date=2024-09-15}}</ref> \| 6.11.11<ref name=":37">{{cite web \|title=Linux-Kernel Archive: Linux 6.11.11 \|url=https://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/2412.0/06844.html \|access-date=2025-01-21 \|website=lkml.iu.edu}}</ref> \| 5 December 2024<ref name=":37" /> \| * [[Atomicity (database systems)\|Atomic]] writes support for buffered I/O<ref>{{cite web \|title=The first half of the 6.11 merge window [LWN.net] \|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/982034/ \|access-date=2024-10-05 \|website=lwn.net}}</ref> Line 791 ⟶ 792: * Memory-allocation profiling<ref name=":4">{{cite web\|last=Sneddon\|first=Joey\|date=2024-07-14\|title=Linux Kernel 6.10 Released with LOTS of Epic Changes\|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/07/linux-kernel-6-10-new-features\|access-date=2024-10-03\|website=OMG! Ubuntu\|language=en-GB}}</ref> * Encrypted interactions with [[Trusted Platform Module\|trusted platform modules]]<ref name=":4" /> \| Named "Baby Opossum Posse"<ref>{{cite web\|title=Linux 6.10-rc1 - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree\|url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/Makefile?h=v6.10-rc3&id=1613e604df0cd359cf2a7fbd9be7a0bcfacfabd0\|access-date=2024-06-16\|website=git.kernel.org}}</ref> \|- \| {{Version\|o\|6.9}} Line 818 ⟶ 819: \| 3 April 2024 \| * Initial [[Bcachefs]] filesystem support<ref name=":0">{{cite web \|title=Linux 6.7 Released With Bcachefs, Intel Meteor Lake In Good Shape & Nouveau GSP Support \|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.7-Released \|access-date=2024-01-12 \|website=www.phoronix.com \|language=en}}</ref> * [[Itanium]] support removed<ref name=":0" /> * Intel Meteor Lake Graphics declared stable<ref name=":0" /> * Initial [[nouveau (software)\|Nouveau]] support for Nvidia GSP firmware<ref name=":0" /> * Ability to disable [[IA-32]] support at boot time on [[AMD64]]<ref name=":3">{{cite web \|title=Linux 6.7 Features Include Bcachefs, Stable Meteor Lake Graphics, NVIDIA GSP & More Next-Gen Hardware \|url=https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-67-features \|access-date=2024-01-12 \|website=~~www.~~phoronix~~.com~~ \|language=en}}</ref> * Expansion of AMD Seamless Boot Support<ref name=":3" /> * Improvement in loading of x86 microcode<ref name=":3" /> * Support for [[RAID]] stripe tree, simple quota accounting, and temporary FSID added to [[Btrfs]]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Btrfs Picks Up New Features For Linux 6.7 \|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Btrfs-Linux-6.7-Features \|access-date=2024-01-12 \|website=~~www.~~phoronix~~.com~~ \|language=en}}</ref> * [[JFS (file system)\|JFS]] minor stability improvements<ref name=":3" /> \| According to Linus Torvalds, "one of the largest kernel releases we've ever had"<ref name=":0" /> Line 831 ⟶ 832: \| {{Version\|co\|6.6}} \| 29 October 2023{{r\|ACTIVE}} \| 6.6.~~100~~102{{r\|KERNELARCHIVES}} \| December 2026 \| * The new [[Earliest eligible virtual deadline first scheduling\|EEVDF]] process scheduler was merged. It aims to replace the [[Completely Fair Scheduler\|CFS]] scheduler. Line 851 ⟶ 852: \| 27 August 2023{{r\|ACTIVE}} \| 6.5.13{{r\|KERNELARCHIVES}} \| 28 November 2023<ref>{{cite web \| first = Greg \| last = Kroah-Hartman \| title = Linux 6.5.13 \| url = https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2023112807-usher-penholder-f856@gregkh/\| website = lore.kernel.org \| date = 2023-11-28 \| access-date = 2023-12-05}}</ref> \| * Initial [[USB4]] v2.0 support<ref name=":35">{{cite web \|title=Linux_6.5 - Linux Kernel Newbies \|url=https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.5 \|access-date=2024-10-05 \|website=kernelnewbies.org}}</ref> * [[MIDI 2.0]] support<ref name=":35" /> \| Line 860 ⟶ 861: \| 25 June 2023{{r\|ACTIVE}} \| 6.4.16{{r\|KERNELARCHIVES}} \| 13 September 2023<ref>{{cite web \| first = Greg \| last = Kroah-Hartman \| title = Linux 6.4.16 \| url = https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2023091345-prankish-during-e3b4@gregkh/ \| website = lore.kernel.org \| date = 2023-09-13 \| access-date = 2023-09-13}}</ref> \| * Intel Linear Address Masking<ref>{{cite web \|title=Intel Linear Address Masking "LAM" Merged Into Linux 6.4 \|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Intel-LAM-Merged-Linux-6.4 \|access-date=2024-01-24 \|website=www.phoronix.com \|language=en}}</ref> * Partial support for [[Apple M2]]<ref name="6.4">{{cite web \|title=Linux 6.4 Features: Many Intel & AMD Additions, Better Desktop/Laptop Hardware Drivers \|url=https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-64-features \|access-date=2024-01-24 \|website=www.phoronix.com \|language=en}}</ref> * Autonomous frequency and power control on [[AMD Zen]] architecture CPUs<ref>{{cite web \|title=AMD Guided Autonomous Mode Submitted For Linux 6.4 \|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/AMD-Guided-Auto-Mode-Linux-6.4 \|access-date=2024-01-24 \|website=www.phoronix.com \|language=en}}</ref> * Support for [[RISC-V]] [[Hibernation (computing)\|hibernation]] on future laptops{{r\|6.4}} * Improvements for [[LoongArch]] CPU architecture{{r\|6.4}} Line 881 ⟶ 882: \| 23 April 2023{{r\|ACTIVE}} \| 6.3.13{{r\|KERNELARCHIVES}} \| 11 July 2023<ref>{{cite web \| first = Greg \| last = Kroah-Hartman \| title = Linux 6.3.13 \| url = https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2023071110-clash-nastily-2b70@gregkh/T/ \| website = lore.kernel.org \| date = 2023-07-11 \| access-date = 2023-07-11}}</ref> \| * Even more Rust in the kernel Line 912 ⟶ 913: \| {{Version\|co\|6.1}} \| {{dts\|format=dmy\|2022\|12\|11}}<ref>{{cite mailing list\|title=Linux 6.1\|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wj_HcgFZNyZHTLJ7qC2613zphKDtLh6ndciwopZRfH0aQ@mail.gmail.com/\|date=11 December 2022\|mailing-list=[[LKML]]}\|last=Torvalds\|first=Linus\|author-link=Linus Torvalds}}</ref> \| 6.1.~~147~~148<ref name=KERNELARCHIVES>{{cite web\|url=https://www.kernel.org/\|title=The Linux Kernel Archives \|publisher=Kernel.org\|accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> \| December 2027{{r\|ACTIVE}} August 2033<ref name="CIP maintenance">{{cite web\|title=CIP maintenance\|url=https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/civilinfrastructureplatform/start#kernel_maintainership\|access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref> Line 1,361 ⟶ 1,362: \| Named Shy [[Crocodile]]<ref name="kernel-name_shy-crocodile">{{cite web\|date=2018-11-25\|title=kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree\|url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=2e6e902d185027f8e3cb8b7305238f7e35d6a436\|access-date=2018-11-26\|website=Kernel.org git repositories}}</ref> \|- \| {{Version\|coo\|4.19}} \| \| {{dts\|format=dmy\|2018\|10\|22}}<ref>{{cite mailing list \|title=Linux 4.19 \|url=http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1810.2/05220.html \|date=22 October 2018 \|access-date=22 October 2018 \|last=Kroah-Hartman \|first=Greg \|author-link=Greg Kroah-Hartman \|mailing-list=[[LKML]]}}</ref> \| 4.19.325{{r\|KERNELARCHIVES}}4.19-st6<ref name=":15">{{Cite web \|title=Making sure you're not a bot! \|url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cip/linux-cip.git \|access-date=2025-07-22 \|website=git.kernel.org}}</ref> Line 1,493 ⟶ 1,494: \| \|- \| {{Version\|coo\|4.4}} \| {{dts\|format=dmy\|2016\|01\|10}}<ref>{{cite mailing list \|url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/1/10/305 \|title=Linux 4.4 \|last=Torvalds \|first=Linus \|author-link=Linus Torvalds \|date=10 January 2016 \|mailing-list=[[LKML]] \|access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> \| 4.4.302<ref name="latest 4.4">{{cite mailing list \|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1643877137240249@kroah.com/ \|title=Linux 4.4.302 \|last=Kroah-Hartman \|first=Greg \|author-link=Greg Kroah-Hartman \|date=3 February 2022 \|mailing-list=[[LKML]] \|access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>4.4-~~st65~~st66<ref name=":15" /> \| Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin{{r\|ACTIVE}} <br /> Ulrich Hecht & Pavel Machek<ref name="CIP maintenance"/> Line 2,451 ⟶ 2,452: \| December 2005<ref name="2.6.13.5 release" /> \| * [[initramfs]]<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Fox \|first=Richard \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VG8LBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA450&dq=initramfs+2.6.13&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZ8N2h6KiPAxW1RKQEHXUaJKkQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=initramfs%202.6.13&f=false \|title=Linux with Operating System Concepts \|date=2014-08-26 \|publisher=CRC Press \|isbn=978-1-4822-3589-0 \|pages=450 \|language=en}}</ref> \| rowspan="3" \| Named Woozy [[Numbat]]<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.ciol.com/ciol/news/35712/woozy-numbat-released Line 2,462 ⟶ 2,464: \| publisher = Informationweek \| date = 2004-12-29 \| access-date = 2013-09-12}}</ref>The 2.6.12 release was the first one managed by [[Git]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Linux 2.6.12 \|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/140441/ \|access-date=2025-08-03 \|website=LWN.net \|language=en}}</ref> ~~\| access-date = 2013-09-12}}</ref>~~ \|- \| {{Version\|o\|2.6.12}} Line 2,666 ⟶ 2,668: * [[watchdog timer]]<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Import 1.3.51 - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree \|url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=1.3.51&id=85ed1260f6998849a1f82fb3e7bfd24ae3fb067f \|access-date=2024-05-23 \|website=git.kernel.org}}</ref> * Automatic [[Loadable kernel module\|modules]] loading<ref>{{Cite web \|title=What is kerneld? \|url=https://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Kerneld/introduction.html \|access-date=2024-05-23 \|website=www.linuxdoc.org}}</ref> * [[initrd]] boot support<ref>{{Cite web \|title=1. The Linux/x86 Boot Protocol — The Linux Kernel documentation \|url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v6.6/arch/x86/boot.html \|access-date=2025-08-26 \|website=www.kernel.org}}</ref> * [[bzImage]] support<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Rubini \|first=Alessandro \|date=June 1997 \|title=Booting the Kernel \|url=https://www.linux.it/~rubini/docs/boot/boot.html \|access-date=2025-08-26 \|website=www.linux.it}}</ref> \| Greased [[Weasel]]<ref>{{cite web \| title = Test version of new Linux kernel available