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Linux kernel version history: Difference between revisions

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→Releases before 2.6.0: +bzImage support
 
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{{lead missing|date=August 2025}}{{Short description|Version history of the Linux kernel}}
{{broader|History of Linux}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
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bar:6.17
color:DEV from:10/08/2025 till:$now text:6.17.x
# https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/refs/tags
 
bar:6.16
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bar:6.15
color:DEV from:06/04/2025 till:24/05/2025 text:6.15.x
color:SUPPORT from:25/05/2025 till:$now20/08/2025
# https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/refs/tags
 
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<!-- Versions with data from Wikidata -->
<!-- Preview (rc) version: there is currently no rc version-->
|-
|{{Version|cp|{{string split|{{wikidata|property|preferred|Q14579|P348|P548=Q1072356}}|"-"}}}}
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|
-->
|-<!-- Latest stable version - remove the ".0" once the version becomes .1 -->
|{{Version|c|{{#invoke:Strip version patch|main|{{wikidata|property|preferred|Q14579|P348|P548=Q2804309}}}}}}
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| {{Version|co|6.15}}
| 25 May 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wiLRW8DN8-4jmeCZH0OpO8skXOC5e6FwMfsPwGMpQYmVQ@mail.gmail.com/|author=Linus Torvalds|title=Linux 6.15|date=2025-05-25}}</ref>
| 6.15.811<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250724112025080157-versepancreas-impishfleshed-e79073c0@gregkh/|author=Greg Kroah-Hartman|title=Linux 6.15.89|date=2025-0708-2401}}</ref>
|20 August 2025
|▼
|
| * InitialBtrfs: fast [[Bcachefs]]Zstd filesystemcompression support<ref name=":0">{{citeCite web |title=LinuxBtrfs 6.7Adding ReleasedFast/Realtime WithZstd Bcachefs,Compression Intel& MeteorOther LakePerformance InOptimizations Good Shape & Nouveau GSP Support|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.715-ReleasedBtrfs |access-date=20242025-0107-1231 |website=www.phoronix.com |language=en}}</ref>▼
|
|-
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| 6.14.11<ref name=":38" />
| 10 June 2025<ref>{{cite web|title=Linux 6.14.11|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025061030-latticed-capacity-dc94@gregkh/T/|access-date=2025-06-10|website=lore.kernel.org}}</ref>
▲|
| * Improved [[Wine (software)|Wine]] speed<ref>{{cite web|title=Linux-6.14-Char-Misc-NTSYNC|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.14-Char-Misc-NTSYNC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ntsync-for-proton-wine-now-in-linux-kernel-6-14-that-should-make-many-steamos-users-happy/|url=https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2025/01/ntsync-for-proton-wine-now-in-linux-kernel-6-14-that-should-make-many-steamos-users-happy/}}</ref>
* [[Microsoft Copilot|Copilot]] key support<ref>{{cite web|last1=Speed|first1=Richard|title=Linux rolls out the welcome mat for Microsoft's Copilot key|url=https://www.theregister.com/2025/01/24/copilot_key_linux/|website=The Register|access-date=5 April 2025}}</ref>
|
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| 6.13.12{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 20 April 2025<ref>{{cite web|title=linux-kernel.vger.kernel.org archive mirror|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2025042056-bullish-tank-f386@gregkh/T/|access-date=2025-04-21|website=lore.kernel.org}}</ref>
|
|* New handheld support
 
* Intel Arc B series support
|
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| {{Version|co|6.12}}
| 17 November 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/CAHk-=wgtGkHshfvaAe_O2ntnFBH3EprNk1juieLmjcF2HBwBgQ@mail.gmail.com/|author=Linus Torvalds|title=Linux 6.12|date=2024-11-17}}</ref>
| 6.12.4043{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| December 20262036
|
|* [[Real-time operating system|Real-time]] support for x86/x86_64, RISC-V, and ARM64<ref name=":36">{{cite web |title=Linux 6.12 Features Are Super Exciting With Real-Time, Sched_ext, Intel Xe2 & Raspberry Pi 5 |url=https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-612-features |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.phoronix.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[User space and kernel space|Userspace]] [[Scheduling (computing)|scheduler]] extensions support<ref>{{cite web |title=Linux 6.12 Features Are Super Exciting With Real-Time, Sched_ext, Intel Xe2 & Raspberry Pi 5 (page 2) |url=https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-612-features/2 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.phoronix.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[QR code|QR codes]] for [[Direct Rendering Manager|DRM]] [[Kernel panic|panic]] messages<ref name=":36" />
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| 6.11.11<ref name=":37">{{cite web |title=Linux-Kernel Archive: Linux 6.11.11 |url=https://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/2412.0/06844.html |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=lkml.iu.edu}}</ref>
| 5 December 2024<ref name=":37" />
|
|* [[Atomicity (database systems)|Atomic]] writes support for buffered I/O<ref>{{cite web |title=The first half of the 6.11 merge window [LWN.net] |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/982034/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=lwn.net}}</ref>
* Dedicated bucket [[Slab allocation|slab allocator]] to help protect against [[heap spraying]]<ref name=":34">{{cite web |title=The rest of the 6.11 merge window [LWN.net] |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/982605/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=lwn.net}}</ref>
* [[vDSO]] implementation of [[getrandom]]()<ref name=":34" />
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| rowspan="11" |[[Greg Kroah-Hartman]] & Sasha Levin
| 10 October 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2024101047-unclothed-armadillo-6520@gregkh/|author=Greg Kroah-Hartman|title=Linux 6.10.14|date=2024-10-10|access-date=2024-10-11}}</ref>
|
| * Memory-allocation profiling<ref name=":4">{{cite web|last=Sneddon|first=Joey|date=2024-07-14|title=Linux Kernel 6.10 Released with LOTS of Epic Changes|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/07/linux-kernel-6-10-new-features|access-date=2024-10-03|website=OMG! Ubuntu|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* Encrypted interactions with [[Trusted Platform Module|trusted platform modules]]<ref name=":4" />
| Named "Baby Opossum Posse"<ref>{{cite web|title=Linux 6.10-rc1 - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree|url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/Makefile?h=v6.10-rc3&id=1613e604df0cd359cf2a7fbd9be7a0bcfacfabd0|access-date=2024-06-16|website=git.kernel.org}}</ref>
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| 6.9.10{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 27 July 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2024072948-glimmer-glitch-6a95@gregkh/|author=Greg Kroah-Hartman|title=Re: Linux 6.9.12|date=2024-07-29|access-date=2024-07-30}}</ref>
|
|* Improved performance for Intel Core Ultra ([[Meteor Lake]])<ref name=":69">{{cite web|title=Linux 6.9 Features: DM VDO, AMD Preferred Core, Intel FRED & Larger Console Fonts|url=https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-69-features|access-date=2024-05-15|website=www.phoronix.com|language=en}}</ref>
* Support for AMD P-State Preferred Cores<ref name=":69" />
* Intel FRED (Flexible Return Event Delivery)<ref name=":69" />
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| 6.7.12{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 3 April 2024
|
▲| * Initial [[Bcachefs]] filesystem support<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Linux 6.7 Released With Bcachefs, Intel Meteor Lake In Good Shape & Nouveau GSP Support|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.7-Released|access-date=2024-01-12|website=www.phoronix.com|language=en}}</ref>
* Initial [[Bcachefs]] filesystem support<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Linux 6.7 Released With Bcachefs, Intel Meteor Lake In Good Shape & Nouveau GSP Support|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.7-Released|access-date=2024-01-12|website=www.phoronix.com|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Itanium]] support removed<ref name=":0" />
* Intel Meteor Lake Graphics declared stable<ref name=":0" />
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| {{Version|co|6.6}}
| 29 October 2023{{r|ACTIVE}}
| 6.6.100102{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| December 2026
|
| * The new [[Earliest eligible virtual deadline first scheduling|EEVDF]] process scheduler was merged. It aims to replace the [[Completely Fair Scheduler|CFS]] scheduler.
* Intel [[Shadow stack|Shadow Stack]] was finally merged; Exploiting ROPs is now harder
* Support for Partial SMT
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| 6.5.13{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}
| 28 November 2023<ref>{{cite web|first=Greg|last=Kroah-Hartman|title=Linux 6.5.13|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2023112807-usher-penholder-f856@gregkh/|website=lore.kernel.org|date=2023-11-28|access-date=2023-12-05}}</ref>
|
| * Initial [[USB4]] v2.0 support<ref name=":35">{{cite web|title=Linux_6.5 - Linux Kernel Newbies|url=https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.5|access-date=2024-10-05|website=kernelnewbies.org}}</ref>
* [[MIDI 2.0]] support<ref name=":35" />
|
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| {{Version|co|6.1}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2022|12|11}}<ref>{{cite mailing list|title=Linux 6.1|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wj_HcgFZNyZHTLJ7qC2613zphKDtLh6ndciwopZRfH0aQ@mail.gmail.com/|date=11 December 2022|mailing-list=[[LKML]]}|last=Torvalds|first=Linus|author-link=Linus Torvalds}}</ref>
| 6.1.147148<ref name=KERNELARCHIVES>{{cite web|url=https://www.kernel.org/|title=The Linux Kernel Archives|publisher=Kernel.org|accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
| December 2027{{r|ACTIVE}}
August 2033<ref name="CIP maintenance">{{cite web|title=CIP maintenance|url=https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/civilinfrastructureplatform/start#kernel_maintainership|access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>
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| 6.0.19<ref name=SIXNINETEEN>{{cite web|title=Linux 6.0.19 - Greg Kroah-Hartman|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1673522302104114@kroah.com/|access-date=2023-02-28|website=lore.kernel.org}}</ref>
| January 2023{{r|SIXNINETEEN}}
|
| * Performance improvements on Intel Xeon 'Ice Lake', AMD Ryzen 'Threadripper', AMD EPYC<ref>{{cite web|title=Linux Kernel 6.0 Released, This is What's New|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/10/linux-kernel-6-released-new-features|access-date=2022-10-03|website=OMG! Ubuntu|date=2 October 2022}}</ref>
* New hardware support including Intel, AMD, Qualcomm<ref>{{cite web|title=Linux 6.0 Supporting New Intel/AMD Hardware, Performance Improvements & Much More|url=https://www.phoronix.com/review/linux-60-features|access-date=2023-06-03|website=phoronix.com}}</ref>
| Named "Hurr durr {{sic|I'm|a}} ninja sloth"<ref>{{cite web|title=Makefile - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree|url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Makefile?h=v6.0|access-date=2022-10-05|website=Kernel.org git repositories}}</ref>
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| Named Shy [[Crocodile]]<ref name="kernel-name_shy-crocodile">{{cite web|date=2018-11-25|title=kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree|url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=2e6e902d185027f8e3cb8b7305238f7e35d6a436|access-date=2018-11-26|website=Kernel.org git repositories}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|coo|4.19}}
| | {{dts|format=dmy|2018|10|22}}<ref>{{cite mailing list |title=Linux 4.19 |url=http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1810.2/05220.html |date=22 October 2018 |access-date=22 October 2018 |last=Kroah-Hartman |first=Greg |author-link=Greg Kroah-Hartman |mailing-list=[[LKML]]}}</ref>
| 4.19.325{{r|KERNELARCHIVES}}4.19-st6<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Making sure you're not a bot! |url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cip/linux-cip.git |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=git.kernel.org}}</ref>
Line 1,479 ⟶ 1,494:
|
|-
| {{Version|coo|4.4}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|2016|01|10}}<ref>{{cite mailing list |url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/1/10/305 |title=Linux 4.4 |last=Torvalds |first=Linus |author-link=Linus Torvalds |date=10 January 2016 |mailing-list=[[LKML]] |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref>
| 4.4.302<ref name="latest 4.4">{{cite mailing list |url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1643877137240249@kroah.com/ |title=Linux 4.4.302 |last=Kroah-Hartman |first=Greg |author-link=Greg Kroah-Hartman |date=3 February 2022 |mailing-list=[[LKML]] |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>4.4-st65st66<ref name=":15" />
| Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin{{r|ACTIVE}} <br />
Ulrich Hecht & Pavel Machek<ref name="CIP maintenance"/>
Line 2,437 ⟶ 2,452:
| December 2005<ref name="2.6.13.5 release" />
|
* [[initramfs]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fox |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VG8LBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA450&dq=initramfs+2.6.13&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZ8N2h6KiPAxW1RKQEHXUaJKkQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=initramfs%202.6.13&f=false |title=Linux with Operating System Concepts |date=2014-08-26 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4822-3589-0 |pages=450 |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | Named Woozy [[Numbat]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.ciol.com/ciol/news/35712/woozy-numbat-released
Line 2,448 ⟶ 2,464:
| publisher = Informationweek
| date = 2004-12-29
| access-date = 2013-09-12}}</ref>The 2.6.12 release was the first one managed by [[Git]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linux 2.6.12 |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/140441/ |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=LWN.net |language=en}}</ref>
| access-date = 2013-09-12}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.6.12}}
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* [[watchdog timer]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Import 1.3.51 - kernel/git/history/history.git - Linux kernel historic tree |url=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?h=1.3.51&id=85ed1260f6998849a1f82fb3e7bfd24ae3fb067f |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=git.kernel.org}}</ref>
* Automatic [[Loadable kernel module|modules]] loading<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is kerneld? |url=https://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Kerneld/introduction.html |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=www.linuxdoc.org}}</ref>
* [[initrd]] boot support<ref>{{Cite web |title=1. The Linux/x86 Boot Protocol — The Linux Kernel documentation |url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v6.6/arch/x86/boot.html |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=www.kernel.org}}</ref>
* [[bzImage]] support<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rubini |first=Alessandro |date=June 1997 |title=Booting the Kernel |url=https://www.linux.it/~rubini/docs/boot/boot.html |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=www.linux.it}}</ref>
| Greased [[Weasel]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = Test version of new Linux kernel available
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel_version_history"