Makurap language: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Tupian language spoken in Brazil}}

{{Lead too short|date=January 2025}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Makurap

| states = [[Brazil]]

| ethnicity = 130 Makurap (2007)<ref name=e18/>

| speakers = 45

| date = 1992

| ref =e17 e18

| familycolor =American tupian

| fam1 = [[Tupian languages|Tupian]]

| fam2 = [[Tuparí languages|Tuparí]]

| iso3 = mpu

| glotto = maku1278

| glottorefname =Makurap Makuráp

| altname = Macurapi

| region = [[Rondônia]]

}}

'''Makurap''' (Macurapi) is a [[Tupian language]] of [[Brazil]], spoken by the Makurap people of [[Rondônia]]. Portuguese is now the primary language of the younger Makurap; older members of Indigenous peoples in the region use Makurap during 'chichada' festivals where [[chicha]] is communally consumed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Makurap - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil |url=https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Makurap |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=pib.socioambiental.org}}</ref>

'''Makurap''' (Macurapi) is a [[Tupian language]] of [[Brazil]].

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===

{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align: center"

|+Makurap consonants<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Aspects morphosyntaxiques de la langue makurap/tupi (Braga 2005) - Biblioteca Digital Curt Nimuendajú |url=http://www.etnolinguistica.org/tese:braga-2005 |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=www.etnolinguistica.org}}</ref>

! colspan="3" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Postalveolar

!Retroflex

!Palatal

!Velar

|-

! rowspan="4" |Occlusive

! rowspan="2" |<small>released</small>

!<small>voiceless</small>

|p

|t

|

|

|

|k

|-

!<small>voiced</small>

|b

|d

|

|

|

|g

|-

! colspan="2" |[[No audible release|<small>inaudibly released</small>]]

|p̚

|t̚

|

|

|c̚

|k̚

|-

! colspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>

|ᵐb

|ⁿd

|

|

|

|ᵑɡ

|-

! rowspan="3" |Affricate

! colspan="2" |<small>voiceless</small>

|

|

|tʃ

|

|

|

|-

! colspan="2" |<small>voiced</small>

|

|

|dʒ

|

|

|

|-

! colspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>

|

|

|ⁿdʒ

|

|

|

|-

! colspan="3" |Tap/Flap

|

|ɾ

|

|ɻ

|

|

|-

! colspan="3" |Lateral

|

|l

|

|

|

|

|-

! colspan="3" |Fricative

|β

|

|

|

|j

|

|-

! colspan="3" |Nasal

|m

|n

|

|ɲ

|ŋ

|

|-

! colspan="3" |Approximant

|

|w

|

|

|y

|

|}

=== Vowels ===

{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align: center"

|+Makurap vowels<ref name=":1" />

! rowspan="3" |

! colspan="2" |Front

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Central

! colspan="2" |Back

|-

! colspan="2" |<small>unrounded</small>

! colspan="2" |<small>rounded</small>

|-

!<small>oral</small>

!<small>nasal</small>

!<small>oral</small>

!<small>nasal</small>

!<small>oral</small>

!<small>nasal</small>

|-

!Close

|i

|ĩ

|ɨ

|ɨ̃

|u

|ũ

|-

!Close-mid

|e

|ẽ

|

|

|o

|õ

|-

!Open-mid

|ɛ

|

|

|ə̃

|

|

|-

!Open

|

|

|a

|

|

|

|}

A length distinction is lost among younger speakers. For example, the words {{IPA|[tsãn]}} 'sweet' and {{IPA|[tsã:n]}} 'cold' are homophones in modern pronunciation.<ref name=":0" />

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Tupian languages}}

[[Category:Tupian languages]]

[[Category:Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area]]

{{tupian-lang-stub}}

{{na-lang-stub}}