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{{Short description|Electronic used in particle generators}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2013}}
[[File:Short Nuclear Instrumentation Crate - side view.jpg|thumb|A NIM Crate with various modules]]
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=== RENATRAN ===
The very first standard for crate electronics was Renatran, which itself was derived from the Esone Standard published in 1964.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Renatran Basic Functional Units|year=1967
The Renatran system consisted of a 5U rackable crate that could accept up to 8 single-width or up to 4 double width plug-in units, with the backplane supplying several power rails, as well as serial and parallel communications between modules, and between the rack and external equipment such as printers and computers.
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This allows to perform an array of maintenance task remotely.
The standard is governed by the [[PICMG]] consortium.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.picmg.org/openstandards/advancedtca/|title=PICMG | AdvancedTCA}}</ref>
The requirements for cards to be used in AdvancedTCA crates, are called [[Advanced Mezzanine Card]]s (AMCs) and are specified independently in their own standard.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.picmg.org/openstandards/advanced-mezzanine-card/|title=PICMG | Advanced MC®}}</ref>
===MicroTCA===
[[MicroTCA]] is an open, modular standard, based upon [[Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture|AdvancedTCA]], but with a smaller form factor.
Initially developed for applications in telecommunications, it has since outgrown its initial purpose by developing modules for military, aerospace and scientific use.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.picmg.org/openstandards/microtca/|title=PICMG | MicroTCA}}</ref>
As AdvancedTCA, it uses [[Advanced Mezzanine Card|AMCs]], which makes cards interchangeable between those two.
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