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{{Short description|Electronic used in particle generators}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2013}}
[[File:Short Nuclear Instrumentation Crate - side view.jpg|thumb|A NIM Crate with various modules]]
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=== RENATRAN ===
The very first standard for crate electronics was Renatran, which itself was derived from the Esone Standard published in 1964.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Renatran Basic Functional Units|year=1967
The Renatran system consisted of a 5U rackable crate that could accept up to 8 single-width or up to 4 double width plug-in units, with the backplane supplying several power rails, as well as serial and parallel communications between modules, and between the rack and external equipment such as printers and computers.
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