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{{short description|Code used to identify references in certain astronomical data systems}}
The '''bibcode''' (also known as the '''refcode''') is a compact identifier used by several astronomical data systems to uniquely specify literature references.
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== Format ==
The code has a fixed length of 19 characters and has the form
where <code>YYYY</code> is the four-digit year of the reference and <code>JJJJJ</code> is a code indicating where the reference was published. In the case of a journal reference, <code>VVVV</code> is the volume number, <code>M</code> indicates the section of the journal where the reference was published (e.g., <code>L</code> for a letters section), <code>PPPP</code> gives the starting page number, and <code>A</code> is the first letter of the last name of the first author. Periods (<code>.</code>) are used to fill unused fields and to pad fields out to their fixed length if too short; padding is done on the right for the publication code and on the left for the volume number and page number.<ref name=a /><ref name=b /> Page numbers greater than 9999 are continued in the <code>M</code> column. The 6-digit article ID numbers (in lieu of page numbers) used by the Physical Review publications since the late 1990s are treated as follows: The first two digits of the article ID, corresponding to the issue number, are converted to a lower-case letter (01 = a, etc.) and inserted into column <code>M</code>. The remaining four digits are used in the page field.<ref name=b />
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