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The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of [[Charles Darwin]]'s ''[[On the Origin of Species]]''. In addition, [[Gregor Mendel]]'s work with plants, between 1856 and 1863, helped to explain the hereditary patterns of [[genetics]].<ref name="gegme">{{cite web |url=http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Gregor_Mendel.php |title=Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) |last=Rhee |first=Seung Yon |website=Access Excellence |publisher=National Health Museum |___location=Atlanta, GA |access-date=2015-01-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227004122/http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Gregor_Mendel.php |archive-date=2014-12-27}}</ref> Fossil discoveries in [[palaeontology]], advances in [[population genetics]] and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species ([[speciation]]) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal [[scientific theory]] that [[biologist]]s use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including [[medicine]], [[psychology]], [[conservation biology]], [[anthropology]], [[Forensic science|forensics]], [[agriculture]] and other [[Sociocultural evolution|social-cultural]] applications.
== Simple overview ==
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