Reference model: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Abstract model used as reference}}

A '''reference model'''—in [[systems engineering|systems]], [[enterprise engineering|enterprise]], and [[software engineering]]—is an abstract framework or ___domain-specific [[ontology (information science)|ontology]] consisting of an interlinked set of clearly defined concepts produced by an expert or body of experts to encourage clear communication. A reference model can represent the component parts of any consistent idea, from business functions to system components, as long as it represents a complete set. This frame of reference can then be used to communicate ideas clearly among members of the same community.

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== Overview ==

According to [[OASIS (organization)|OASIS]] (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) a reference model is "an abstract framework for understanding significant relationships among the entities of some environment, and for the development of consistent standards or specifications supporting that environment. A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts and may be used as a basis for education and explaining standards to a non-specialist. A reference model is not directly tied to any standards, technologies or other concrete implementation details, but it does seek to provide a common semantics that can be used unambiguously across and between different implementations."<ref>{{cite web|title=OASIS SOA Reference Model|url=http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/soa-rm/faq.php|publisher=OASIS SOA Technical Committee|accessdate=2014-10-13}}</ref>

There are a number of concepts rolled up into that of a 'reference model.' Each of these concepts is important:

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* [[Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework]] reference model of the [[Federal Enterprise Architecture|FEA]]

* HP Information Security Service Management (ISSM) - Reference Model (RM)

* IBM [[Information Framework]], a reference model for financial services.

* [[NIST Enterprise Architecture Model]] reference models from several Federal Enterprise Architectures

* [[OGC Reference Model]] (Open Geospatial Consortium),

* [[OpenReference]], an [[Open standard|open]] reference model for business performance, processes and practices,<ref>OpenReference Initiative: [http://ORwiki.org/Frameworks OpenReference frameworks], December 2016</ref>

* [[OSI model|Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model]],

* [[IEEE 802]] reference model

* [[Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture]]

* [[Real-time Control System]] for real-time control problem domains

* [[RM-ODP|Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing]],

* [[TAFIM]] was the 1990 reference model of the earlier version of the [[DoDAF]], and

* [[Von Neumann architecture]] as a reference model for sequential computing,

* [[Digital Library]] Reference Model;<ref name="DLRM2011">L. Candela, G. Athanasopoulos, D. Castelli, K. El Raheb, P. Innocenti, Y. Ioannidis, A. Katifori, A. Nika, G. Vullo, S. Ross: ''The Digital Library Reference Model''. April 2011 ([http://bscw.research-infrastructures.eu/pub/bscw.cgi/d222816/D3.2b%20Digital%20Library%20Reference%20Model.pdf PDF])</ref><ref name="DLRM2008">L. Candela et al.: ''The DELOS Digital Library Reference Model - Foundations for Digital Libraries''. Version 0.98, February 2008 ([http://www.delos.info/files/pdf/ReferenceModel/DELOS_DLReferenceModel_0.98.pdf PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304002829/http://www.delos.info/files/pdf/ReferenceModel/DELOS_DLReferenceModel_0.98.pdf |date=2009-03-04 }})</ref>

* ENVRI (Environmental Research Infrastructures) Reference Model;<ref>Y. Chen, P. Martin, H. Schentz, B. Magagna, Z. Zhao, A. Hardisty, A. Preece, M. Atkinson http://envri.eu/rm{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

*[https://www.ngoreferencemodel.org/ NGO REFERENCE MODEL]

== See also==