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{{short description|Common human medical data ranges for blood test results}}
{{Reference ranges}}
'''
Blood test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reference Ranges and What They Mean|url=http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/features/ref-ranges/start/6|publisher=Lab Tests Online (USA)|access-date=22 June 2013|archive-date=28 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828020717/http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/features/ref-ranges/start/6|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Interpretation==
A [[reference range]] is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within (that is, 95% [[prediction interval]]).<ref>
===Plasma or whole blood===
In this article, all values (except the ones listed below) denote [[blood plasma]] concentration, which is approximately 60–100% larger than the actual blood concentration if the amount inside [[red blood cells]] (RBCs) is negligible. The precise factor depends on [[hematocrit]] as well as amount inside RBCs. Exceptions are mainly those values that denote total blood concentration, and in this article they are:<ref name="pmid33274357">{{
* All values in ''Hematology – red blood cells'' (except ''hemoglobin in plasma'')
* All values in ''Hematology – white blood cells''
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===Units===
* [[Mass concentration (chemistry)|Mass concentration]] (g/dL or g/L) is the most common measurement unit in the United States. Is usually given with dL (decilitres) as the denominator in the United States, and usually with L (litres) in, for example, Sweden.{{cn|date=February 2024}}
* [[Molar concentration]] (mol/L) is used to a higher degree in most of the rest of the world, including the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe and Australia and New Zealand.<ref>
* [[International unit]]s (IU) are based on measured [[biological activity]] or effect, or for some substances, a specified equivalent mass.{{cn|date=February 2024}}▼
▲* [[International unit]]s (IU) are based on measured [[biological activity]] or effect, or for some substances, a specified equivalent mass.
* [[Enzyme activity]] ([[katal|kat]]) is commonly used for e.g. [[liver function test]]s like [[Aspartate transaminase|AST]], [[Alanine transaminase|ALT]], [[lactate dehydrogenase|LD]] and [[Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase|γ-GT]] in Sweden.<ref name=uppsala/>
* [[Percentage]]s and time-dependent units (mol/s) are used for calculated derived parameters, e.g. for [[beta cell]] function in [[Homeostatic model assessment|homeostasis model assessment]] or [[thyroid's secretory capacity]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=Nathan R. |last2=Levy |first2=Jonathan C. |last3=Matthews |first3=David R. |date=11 July 2013 |title=Expansion of the Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-Cell Function and Insulin Resistance to Enable Clinical Trial Outcome Modeling Through the Interactive Adjustment of Physiology and Treatment Effects: iHOMA2 |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/36/8/2324/33141/Expansion-of-the-Homeostasis-Model-Assessment-of |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=2324–2330 |doi=10.2337/dc12-0607 |issn=0149-5992 |pmc=3714535 |pmid=23564921}}</ref>
===Arterial or venous===
If not otherwise specified, a reference range for a blood test is generally the [[vein|venous]] range, as the standard process of obtaining a sample is by [[venipuncture]]. An exception is for acid–base and [[blood gas]]es, which are generally given for arterial blood.<ref>{{
Still, the blood values are approximately equal between the arterial and venous sides for most substances, with the exception of acid–base, blood gases and drugs (used in [[therapeutic drug monitoring]] (TDM) assays).<ref name="Dufour">
===Usual or optimal===
[[Reference range]]s are usually given as what are the usual (or ''normal'') values found in the population, more specifically the [[prediction interval]] that 95% of the population fall into. This may also be called ''standard range''. In contrast, ''optimal (health) range'' or ''therapeutic target'' is a reference range or limit that is based on concentrations or levels that are associated with optimal health or minimal risk of related complications and diseases. For most substances presented, the optimal levels are the ones normally found in the population as well. More specifically, optimal levels are generally close to a [[central tendency]] of the values found in the population. However, usual and optimal levels may differ substantially, most notably among vitamins and blood lipids, so these tables give limits on both standard and optimal (or target) ranges. In addition, some values, including [[troponin I]] and [[brain natriuretic peptide]], are given as the estimated appropriate [[cutoff (reference value)|cutoffs]] to distinguish healthy people from people with specific conditions, which here are [[myocardial infarction]] and [[congestive heart failure]], respectively, for the aforementioned substances.<ref name=Mangla/><ref name=Brenden2006/><ref name=Strunk2006/>
===Variability===
{{Further|Reference range}}
References range may vary with age, sex, race, pregnancy,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abbassi-Ghanavati
==Sorted by concentration==
===By mass and molarity===
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{{Blood Values}}
Hormones predominate at the left part of the scale, shown with a red at ng/L or pmol/L, being in very low concentration. There appears to be the greatest cluster of substances in the yellow part (μg/L or nmol/L), becoming sparser in the green part (mg/L or μmol/L). However, there is another cluster containing many metabolic substances like cholesterol and glucose at the limit with the blue part (g/L or mmol/L).{{cn|date=February 2024}}
The unit conversions of substance concentrations from the molar to the mass concentration scale above are made as follows:
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* Measured directly in distance on the scales:
:<math>\log_{10} \frac{\text{molar mass}}{1000} = \text{distance to right (decades)} </math>,
where distance is the direct (not logarithmic) distance in number of [[Decade (log scale)|decades]] or "octaves" to the right the mass concentration is found. To translate from mass to molar concentration, the dividend ([[molar mass]] and the divisor (1000) in the [[Division (mathematics)|division]] change places, or, alternatively, ''distance to right'' is changed to ''distance to left''. Substances with a molar mass around 1000g/mol (e.g. thyroxine) are almost vertically aligned in the mass and molar images. Adrenocorticotropic hormone, on the other hand, with a molar mass of 4540,<ref>[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01189 PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; NCBI
Many substances given in mass concentration are not given in molar amount because they haven't been added to the article.
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|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Sodium}} [[Sodium]] (Na) || 135,<ref name=firstaid/> 137<ref name=uppsala/><ref name=southwest/> || 145,<ref name=uppsala/><ref name=southwest/> 147<ref name=firstaid/> || mmol/L or mEq/L<ref name=firstaid/> ||rowspan=2| See [[hyponatremia]] or [[hypernatremia]]
|-
| 310,<ref name=sodium-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 22.99 g•mol−1</ref> 320<ref name=sodium-molar/> || 330,<ref name=sodium-molar/> 340<ref name=sodium-molar/> || mg/dL
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Potassium}} [[Potassium]] (K) || 3.5,<ref name=uppsala/><ref name=firstaid/> 3.6<ref name=southwest/> || 5.0,<ref name=uppsala/><ref name=firstaid/><ref name=southwest/> 5.1 || mmol/L or mEq/L<ref name=firstaid/> ||rowspan=2| See [[hypokalemia]] or [[hyperkalemia]]
|-
| 14<ref name=potassium-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 39.10 g•mol−1</ref> || 20<ref name=potassium-molar/> || mg/dL
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Chloride}} [[Chloride]] (Cl) || 95,<ref name=firstaid/> 98,<ref name=merck/> 100<ref name=uppsala/> || 105,<ref name=firstaid/> 106,<ref name=merck/> 110<ref name=uppsala/> || mmol/L or mEq/L<ref name=firstaid/> ||rowspan=2| See [[hypochloremia]] or [[hyperchloremia]]
|-
| 340<ref name=chloride-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 35.45 g•mol−1</ref> || 370<ref name=chloride-molar/> || mg/dL
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Calcium}} Ionized [[calcium]] (Ca) || 1.03,<ref name=Larsson>{{cite journal |vauthors=Larsson L, Ohman S |title=Serum ionized calcium and corrected total calcium in borderline hyperparathyroidism |journal=Clin. Chem. |volume=24 |issue=11 |pages=1962–65 |date=November 1978 |pmid=709830 |doi= 10.1093/clinchem/24.11.1962|url=http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=709830|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> 1.10<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.23,<ref name=Larsson/> 1.30<ref name=uppsala/> || mmol/L ||rowspan=2| See [[hypocalcaemia]] or [[hypercalcaemia]]
|-
|-
| 4.1,<ref name=calcium-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 40.08 g•mol−1</ref> 4.4<ref name=calcium-molar/> || 4.9,<ref name=calcium-molar/> 5.2<ref name=calcium-molar/> || mg/dL
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Iron}} Total [[serum iron]] (TSI) – male || 65,<ref name=uimc>{{cite web |author=Slon S |title=Serum Iron |url=http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 |date=2006-09-22 |publisher=University of Illinois Medical Center |access-date=2006-07-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 |archive-date=2006-10-28 }}</ref> 76<ref name=southwest/> || 176,<ref name=uimc/> 198<ref name=southwest/> ||
|-
| 11.6,<ref name=DCL>[http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf Diagnostic Chemicals Limited > Serum Iron-SL Assay] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106161044/http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf |date=2009-01-06 }} July 15, 2005</ref><ref name=mass-iron/> 13.6<ref name=mass-iron/> || 30,<ref name=DCL/> 32,<ref name=mass-iron/> 35<ref name=mass-iron/> || μmol/L
|-
▲ | 11.6,<ref name=DCL>[http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf Diagnostic Chemicals Limited > Serum Iron-SL Assay] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106161044/http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf |date=2009-01-06 }} July 15, 2005</ref><ref name=mass-iron/> 13.6<ref name=mass-iron/> || 30,<ref name=DCL/> 32,<ref name=mass-iron/> 35<ref name=mass-iron/> || μmol/L ||
|-
|rowspan=2| Total serum iron (TSI) – female || 26,<ref name=southwest/> 50<ref name=uimc/> || 170<ref name=southwest/><ref name=uimc/> ||
▲ |rowspan=2| Total serum iron (TSI) – female || 26,<ref name=southwest/> 50<ref name=uimc/> || 170<ref name=southwest/><ref name=uimc/> || µg/dL ||
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|rowspan=2| Total serum iron (TSI) – [[newborns]] || 100<ref name=uimc/> || 250<ref name=uimc/> ||
|-
|-
| 18<ref name=mass-iron>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1</ref> || 45<ref name=mass-iron/> ||
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| Total serum iron (TSI) – [[child]]ren || 50<ref name=uimc/> || 120<ref name=uimc/> ||
|-
|-
| 9<ref name=mass-iron/> || 21<ref name=mass-iron/> ||
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| 43,<ref name=mass-iron/> 47<ref name=mass-iron/> || 81,<ref name=mass-iron/> 85<ref name=mass-iron/>||
|-
|-
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| [[Transferrin saturation]] || 20<ref name=uimc/> || 50<ref name=uimc/> || % ||
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Ferritin}} [[Ferritin]] – Males and [[postmenopausal]] females || 12<ref name=medline>[https://
|-
| 27<ref name=mass-ferritin>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 450,000 g•mol−1</ref> || 670<ref name=mass-ferritin/>|| pmol/L ||
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| Ferritin – premenopausal females || 12<ref name=medline/> || 150<ref name=medline/> – 200<ref name=medscape-ferritin/> || ng/mL or
|-
| 27<ref name=mass-ferritin/> || 330<ref name=mass-ferritin/> – 440<ref name=mass-ferritin/> || pmol/L ||
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Ammonia}} [[Ammonia]] || 10,<ref name=mitchell>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mitchell ML, Filippone MD, Wozniak TF |title=Metastatic carcinomatous cirrhosis and hepatic hemosiderosis in a patient heterozygous for the H63D genotype |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=125 |issue=8 |pages=1084–87 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11473464 |doi= 10.5858/2001-125-1084-MCCAHH|url=http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=125&page=1084 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> 20<ref name=diaz>{{cite journal |vauthors=Diaz J, Tornel PL, Martinez P |title=Reference intervals for blood ammonia in healthy subjects, determined by microdiffusion |journal=Clin. Chem. |volume=41 |issue=7 |page=1048 |date=July 1995 |pmid=7600690 |doi= 10.1093/clinchem/41.7.1048a|doi-access=free }}</ref> || 35,<ref name=mitchell/> 65<ref name=diaz/> || μmol/L ||rowspan=2| See [[wikt:hypoammonemia#Noun|hypoammonemia]] and [[hyperammonemia]]
|-
| 17,<ref name=ammonia-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 17.03 g/mol</ref> 34<ref name=ammonia-molar/> || 60,<ref name=ammonia-molar/> 110<ref name=ammonia-molar/> || μg/dL
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Copper}} [[Copper]] (Cu) || 70<ref name=bloodbook/> || 150<ref name=bloodbook/> ||
|-
| 11<ref name=copper-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 63.55 g•mol−1</ref><ref>{{Cite GPnotebook|1040580630|Reference range for copper}}</ref> || 24<ref name=copper-mass/> || μmol/L
▲ |rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Copper}} [[Copper]] (Cu) || 70<ref name=bloodbook/> || 150<ref name=bloodbook/> || µg/dL ||rowspan=2| See [[copper deficiency|hypocupremia]] or [[copper toxicity|hypercupremia]]
▲ | 11<ref name=copper-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 63.55 g•mol−1</ref><ref>{{Cite GPnotebook|1040580630|Reference range for copper}}</ref> || 24<ref name=copper-mass/> || μmol/L ||
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Ceruloplasmin}} [[Ceruloplasmin]] || 15<ref name=bloodbook/> || 60<ref name=bloodbook/> || mg/dL ||
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|-
|-
|rowspan=2| Inorganic [[phosphorus]] (serum) || 1.0<ref name=firstaid/> || 1.5<ref name=firstaid/> || mmol/L
|-
| 3.0<ref name=firstaid/> || 4.5<ref name=firstaid/> || mg/dL ||
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|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Zinc}} [[Zinc]] (Zn) || 60,<ref name=dlolab>{{cite web |url=http://www.dlolab.com/PDFs/DLO-OCTOBER-2008-LAB-UPDATE.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-01-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307231954/http://www.dlolab.com/PDFs/DLO-OCTOBER-2008-LAB-UPDATE.pdf |archive-date=2010-03-07 }}</ref> 72<ref name=zinc-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol</ref> || 110,<ref name=zinc-molar/> 130<ref name=dlolab/> || μg/dL ||rowspan=2| See [[zinc deficiency]] or [[zinc#Poisoning|zinc poisoning]]
|-
| 9.2,<ref name=zinc-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol</ref> 11<ref name=uppsala/> || 17,<ref name=uppsala/> 20<ref name=zinc-mass/> ||
▲ | 9.2,<ref name=zinc-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol</ref> 11<ref name=uppsala/> || 17,<ref name=uppsala/> 20<ref name=zinc-mass/> || µmol/L ||
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Magnesium}} [[Magnesium]] || 1.5,<ref name=bloodbook/> 1.7<ref name=magnesium-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol</ref> || 2.0,<ref name=bloodbook/> 2.3<ref name=magnesium-molar/> || mEq/L or mg/dL ||rowspan=2| See [[hypomagnesemia]] or [[hypermagnesemia]]
|-
| 0.6,<ref name=magnesium-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol</ref> 0.7<ref name=uppsala/> || 0.82,<ref name=magnesium-mass/> 0.95<ref name=uppsala/> || mmol/L
▲ | 0.6,<ref name=magnesium-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol</ref> 0.7<ref name=uppsala/> || 0.82,<ref name=magnesium-mass/> 0.95<ref name=uppsala/> || mmol/L ||
|-
|}
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===Acid–base and blood gases===
{{Further|Acid–base homeostasis}}
{{Further|Arterial blood gas test|Arterial blood gas test#Parameters and reference ranges}}
If [[artery|arterial]]/[[vein|venous]] is not specified for an acid–base or blood gas value, then it generally refers to arterial, and not venous which otherwise is standard for other blood tests.{{cn|date=February 2024}}
Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values.<ref name=Dufour/> Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of [[inter-rater reliability|inter-method reliability]] between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these.<ref name=middleton>{{cite journal |vauthors=Middleton P, Kelly AM, Brown J, Robertson M |title=Agreements between arterial and central venous values for pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and lactate |journal=Emerg Med J |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=622–24 |date=August 2006 |pmid=16858095 |pmc=2564165 |doi=10.1136/emj.2006.035915 }}</ref>
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|rowspan=2| [[pH]] || Arterial || 7.34,<ref name=southwest/> 7.35<ref name=firstaid/> || 7.44,<ref name=southwest/> 7.45<ref name=firstaid/> ||
|-
| Venous || 7.31<ref name=brookside>[http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates
|-
|-
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|rowspan=3| [[Alanine transaminase]] (ALT/ALAT<ref name=uppsala/>) || || 5,<ref name=Nohring/> 7,<ref name=southwest/> 8<ref name=firstaid>Last page of {{cite book |author1=Deepak A. Rao |author2=Le, Tao |author3=Bhushan, Vikas |title=First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1) |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-07-149868-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/firstaidforusmle00taol }}</ref> || 20,<ref name=firstaid/> 21,<ref name=merck/> 56<ref name=southwest/> || U/L ||rowspan=3| Also called ''serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase'' (SGPT)
|-
| Female || 0.15<ref name=uppsala/> || 0.75<ref name=uppsala/> ||rowspan=2|
|-
| Male || 0.15<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.1<ref name=uppsala/>
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|rowspan=4| [[Aspartate transaminase]] (AST/ASAT<ref name=uppsala/>) ||rowspan=2| Female || 6<ref name=gpnotebook-ast>[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=322240579 GPnotebook > reference range (AST)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107125542/http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=322240579 |date=2017-01-07 }} Retrieved on Dec 7, 2009</ref> || 34<ref name=gpnotebook-ast/> || IU/L ||rowspan=4| Also called <br /> ''serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase'' (SGOT)
|-
| 0.25<ref name=uppsala/> || 0.60<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| Male || 8<ref name=gpnotebook-ast/> || 40<ref name=gpnotebook-ast/> || IU/L
|-
| 0.25<ref name=uppsala/> || 0.75<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Alkaline phosphatase]] (ALP) || || 0.6<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.8<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
| Female || 42<ref name=Nohring>Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. {{ISBN|978-3-437-15120-0}}. Length: 1288 pages</ref> || 98<ref name=Nohring/> ||rowspan=2| U/L ||
Line 302 ⟶ 293:
|rowspan=3| [[Gamma glutamyl transferase]] (GGT) || || 5,<ref name=Nohring/> 8<ref name=southwest/> || 40,<ref name=Nohring/> 78<ref name=southwest/> || U/L ||
|-
| Female || || 0.63<ref name="MDI">{{cite web|url=http://www.mdi-labor.de/l_leistungsverzeichnis_detail.php?u_id=663&init=letter |title=Gamma-GT |work=Leistungsverzeichnis |publisher=Medizinisch-Diagnostische Institute |access-date=20 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425233448/http://www.mdi-labor.de/l_leistungsverzeichnis_detail.php?u_id=663&init=letter |archive-date=25 April 2012 }}</ref> ||
|-
| Male || || 0.92<ref name="MDI" /> ||
|-
|}
Line 320 ⟶ 311:
|rowspan=4| [[Creatine kinase]] (CK) ||rowspan=2| Male || 24,<ref name="GPnotebook_1436155929">{{Cite GPnotebook|1436155929|Creatine kinase}}</ref> 38,<ref name=southwest/> 60<ref name=Nohring/> || 174,<ref name=bloodbook/> 320<ref name=Nohring/> || U/L or ng/mL ||
|-
| 0.42<ref name=Lee2009p585>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AUSIRcV_as0C&pg=PA585 Page 585] in: {{cite book |author=Lee, Mary Ann |title=Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data |publisher=Amer Soc of Health System |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-58528-180-0 }}</ref> || 1.5<ref name=Lee2009p585/> ||
|-
| rowspan=2| Female || 24,<ref name="GPnotebook_1436155929"/> 38,<ref name=southwest/> 96<ref name=bloodbook/> || 140,<ref name=bloodbook/> 200<ref name=Nohring/> || U/L or ng/mL ||
|-
| 0.17<ref name=Lee2009p585/> || 1.17<ref name=Lee2009p585/> ||
|-
| [[CK-MB]] || || 0 || 3,<ref name=southwest/> 3.8,<ref name=uppsala/> 5<ref name=Nohring/> || ng/mL or μg/L<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Myoglobin]] || Female || 1<ref name=MediaLab>[http://www.medialabinc.net/muscle-keyword.aspx Muscle Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc. > Cardiac Biomarkers] Retrieved on April 22, 2010</ref> || 66<ref name=MediaLab/> ||rowspan=2| ng/mL or
|-
| Male || 17<ref name=MediaLab/> || 106<ref name=MediaLab/> ||
Line 360 ⟶ 351:
|not established
|
|more than adults <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016-07-01|title=Plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations in healthy neonates, children and adolescents measured with a high sensitive immunoassay method: High sensitive troponin I in pediatric age|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0009898116301553|journal=Clinica Chimica Acta|language=en|volume=458|pages=68–71|doi=10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.029|pmid=27118089|issn=0009-8981|last1=Caselli|first1=C.|last2=Cangemi|first2=G.|last3=Masotti|first3=S.|last4=Ragusa|first4=R.|last5=Gennai|first5=I.|last6=Del Ry|first6=S.|last7=Prontera|first7=C.|last8=Clerico|first8=A.|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Baum|first1=Hannsjörg|last2=Hinze|first2=Anika|last3=Bartels|first3=Peter|last4=Neumeier|first4=Dieter|date=2004-12-01|title=Reference values for cardiac troponins T and I in healthy neonates|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912004002218|journal=Clinical Biochemistry|language=en|volume=37|issue=12|pages=1079–82|doi=10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.08.003|pmid=15589813|issn=0009-9120|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|}
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! Comments
|-
| [[Alpha fetoprotein]] (AFP) || || 44<ref name=southwest/> || ng/mL or
|-
| Beta [[human chorionic gonadotrophin]] (β-hCG) || In males and non-pregnant females || 5<ref name=southwest/> || IU/L or mU/mL || choriocarcinoma
Line 443 ⟶ 434:
| [[CA19-9]] || || 40<ref name=southwest/> || U/mL || Pancreatic cancer
|-
| [[CA-125]] || || 30,<ref name=gp-ca125>[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-100270014 GP Notebook > range (reference, ca-125)] Retrieved on Jan 5, 2009</ref> 35<ref>[http://www.clinlabnavigator.com/Test-Interpretations/ca-125.html ClinLab Navigator > Test Interpretations > CA-125] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626000109/http://www.clinlabnavigator.com/Test-Interpretations/ca-125.html |date=2012-06-26 }} Retrieved on March 8, 2011</ref> || kU/L or U/mL ||
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Carcinoembryonic antigen]] (CEA) || Non-smokers, 50 years || 3.4,<ref name=uppsala/> 3.6<ref name=bjerner>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bjerner J, Høgetveit A, Wold Akselberg K, etal |s2cid=12545738 |title=Reference intervals for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, MUC1, Alfa-foeto-protein (AFP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and CA19.9 from the NORIP study |journal=Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation |volume= 68|issue= 8|pages=703–13 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18609108 |doi=10.1080/00365510802126836 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution
|-
|| Non-smokers, 70 years || 4.1<ref name=bjerner/> ||
Line 474 ⟶ 465:
! Unit
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Thyroid stimulating hormone]] <br /> (TSH or thyrotropin) || Adults – <br /> [[Reference range#Standard definition|standard range]] || 0.3,<ref name=uppsala/> 0.4,<ref name=southwest/> 0.5,<ref name=bloodbook/> 0.6<ref>[http://thyroid.about.com/od/gettestedanddiagnosed/a/tshtestwars.htm The TSH Reference Range Wars: What's "Normal?", Who is Wrong, Who is Right...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411081930/http://thyroid.about.com/od/gettestedanddiagnosed/a/tshtestwars.htm |date=2016-04-11 }} By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: June 19, 2006. About.com Health's Disease and Condition</ref> || 4.0,<ref name=uppsala/> 4.5,<ref name=southwest/> 6.0<ref name=bloodbook/> ||rowspan=3| mIU/L or μIU/mL
|-
|| Adults – <br /> [[optimal range]] || 0.3,<ref name=aace>[http://www.aace.com/newsroom/press/2006/index.php?r=20060110 2006 Press releases: Thyroid Imbalance? Target Your Numbers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303175142/http://www.aace.com/newsroom/press/2006/index.php?r=20060110 |date=2008-03-03 }} Contacts: Bryan Campbell American] Association of Clinical Endocrinologists</ref> 0.5<ref name=Shomon>[http://thyroid.about.com/od/gettestedanddiagnosed/a/tshtestwars.htm The TSH Reference Range Wars: What's "Normal?", Who is Wrong, Who is Right...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411081930/http://thyroid.about.com/od/gettestedanddiagnosed/a/tshtestwars.htm |date=2016-04-11 }} By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: June 19, 2006</ref> || 2.0,<ref name=Shomon/> 3.0<ref name=aace/>
|-
| [[Infant]]s || 1.3<ref name=laurence>{{cite web| last =Demers| first =Laurence M.| author2 =Carole A. Spencer
|-
|rowspan=6| Free [[thyroxine]] (FT4)<br />{{hatnote|-more detailed ranges in<br /> [[Thyroid function tests#Free thyroxine|Thyroid function tests]] article}} ||rowspan=2| Normal adult || 0.7,<ref name=unc>[http://labs.unchealthcare.org/labstestinfo/f_tests/free_t4.htm Free T4; Thyroxine, Free; T4, Free] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222231732/http://labs.unchealthcare.org/labstestinfo/f_tests/free_t4.htm |date=2010-12-22 }} UNC Health Care System</ref> 0.8<ref name=southwest/> || 1.4,<ref name=unc/> 1.5,<ref name=southwest/> 1.8<ref name=thyroxine-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol</ref> || ng/dL
Line 531 ⟶ 522:
|| 85 || ng/dL
|-
|rowspan=8| [[Testosterone]] ||rowspan=2| Male, overall || 8,<ref name=AA>{{Cite web|url=http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=LOWTESTDIAG#LOWTESTDIAGNORM|title=Andrology Australia: Your Health > Low Testosterone > Diagnosis|access-date=2008-11-28|archive-date=2012-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217051046/http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=LOWTESTDIAG#LOWTESTDIAGNORM|url-status=dead}}</ref> 10<ref name=testosterone-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol</ref> || 27,<ref name=AA/> 35<ref name=testosterone-mass/> || nmol/L
|-
| 230,<ref name=testosterone-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol</ref> 300<ref name=medline-testosterone>[https://www.
|-
|rowspan=2| Male < 50 years || 10<ref name=uppsala/> || 45<ref name=uppsala/> || nmol/L
Line 549 ⟶ 540:
|rowspan=4| [[17α-Hydroxyprogesterone]] ||rowspan=2| male || 0.06<ref name=bloodbook/> || 3.0<ref name=bloodbook/> || mg/L
|-
| 0.18<ref name=17hpg-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 330.46g/mol</ref> || 9.1<ref name=17hpg-mass/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| Female (Follicular phase) || 0.2<ref name=bloodbook/> || 1.0<ref name=bloodbook/> || mg/L
|-
| 0.6<ref name=17hpg-mass/> || 3.0<ref name=17hpg-mass/> ||
|-
|rowspan=6| [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|Follicle-stimulating<br /> hormone]] (FSH)<br />{{hatnote|-more detailed menstrual cycle<br /> ranges in [[:File:Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during menstrual cycle.png|separate diagram]]}} || Prepubertal || <1<ref name=gpnotebook-FSH>[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 reference range (FSH)] GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009</ref> || 3<ref name=gpnotebook-FSH/> ||rowspan=6| IU/L
Line 592 ⟶ 583:
|rowspan=2| [[Progesterone]]<br />{{hatnote|-more detailed ranges<br /> in [[Progesterone#Levels|Progesterone]] article}} ||rowspan=2| Female in mid-[[luteal phase]] (day 21–23) || 17,<ref name=Stricker/> 35<ref name=progesterone-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 314.46 g/mol</ref> || 92<ref name="progesterone-mass"/> || nmol/L
|-
| 6,<ref name=Stricker/> 11<ref name=Bhattacharya>Bhattacharya Sudhindra Mohan (July/August 2005) [http://medind.nic.in/jaq/t05/i4/jaqt05i4p350.pdf Mid-luteal phase plasma progesterone levels in spontaneous and clomiphene citrate induced conception cycles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602092012/http://medind.nic.in/jaq/t05/i4/jaqt05i4p350.pdf |date=2010-06-02 }} J Obstet Gynecol India Vol. 55, No. 4 : July/August 2005 pp. 350–52</ref> || 29<ref name=Bhattacharya/> || ng/mL
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Androstenedione]] || Adult male and female || 60<ref name=nyhq/> || 270<ref name=nyhq/> ||rowspan=3| ng/dL
Line 600 ⟶ 591:
| Prepubertal || || < 60<ref name=nyhq/>
|-
| [[Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate]] {{hatnote|-more detailed ranges<br /> in [[Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate|DHEA-S]] article}} || Adult male and female || 30<ref name=mayo>[http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8493 Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S), Serum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314080932/https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8493 |date=2018-03-14 }} at Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research. Retrieved July 2012</ref> || 400<ref name=mayo/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Sex hormone-binding globulin|SHBG]] <br />{{hatnote|-more detailed ranges<br /> in [[Sex hormone-binding globulin#Blood values|SHBG]] article}} || Adult female || 40<ref name=mayo-shbg>[http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print.php?unit_code=91215 Unit Code 91215] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111631/http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print.php?unit_code=91215 |date=2011-07-20 }} at [[Mayo Clinic]] Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2011</ref> || 120<ref name=mayo-shbg/> ||rowspan=2| nmol/L
Line 622 ⟶ 613:
! Unit
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone]] (ACTH) ||rowspan=2| || 2.2<ref name="Nieman">{{cite web |last1=Nieman |first1=Lynnette K |title=Measurement of ACTH, CRH, and other hypothalamic and pituitary peptides |url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/measurement-of-acth-crh-and-other-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-peptides |website=www.uptodate.com |publisher=UpToDate |access-date=25 June 2021 |date=29 September 2019 |archive-date=25 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625125528/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/measurement-of-acth-crh-and-other-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-peptides |url-status=dead }}</ref> || 13.3<ref name="Nieman"/> || pmol/L
|-
| 20<ref name=southwest/> || 100<ref name=southwest/> || pg/mL
|-
|rowspan=4| [[Cortisol]] ||rowspan=2| 09:00 [[ante meridiem|am]] || 140<ref name=goodhope>[http://www.goodhope.org.uk/departments/pathweb/refranges.htm Biochemistry Reference Ranges at Good Hope Hospital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720014644/http://www.goodhope.org.uk/Departments/pathweb/refranges.htm |date=2010-07-20 }} Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009</ref> || 700<ref name=goodhope/> || nmol/L
|-
| 5<ref name=cortisol-derived>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 362 g/mol</ref> || 25<ref name=cortisol-derived/> || μg/dL
Line 648 ⟶ 639:
|rowspan=4| [[Prolactin]]<br /> {{hatnote|-more detailed ranges in<br /> [[Prolactin]] article}} ||rowspan=2| Female || 71,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 105<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || 348,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 548<ref name=Beltran_2008>Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from [http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 Table 2] in: {{cite journal |vauthors=Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP |title=Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms |journal=Clinical Chemistry |volume=54 |issue=10 |pages=1673–81 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18719199 |doi=10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312|doi-access=free }}</ref> || mIU/L
|-
| 3.4,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 3.9<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || 16.4,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 20.3<ref name=Beltran_2008/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| Male || 58,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 89<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || 277,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 365<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || mIU/L
|-
| 2.7,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 3.3<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || 13.0,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 13.5<ref name=Beltran_2008/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Parathyroid hormone]] (PTH) || || 10,<ref name=pth-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa</ref> 17<ref name=Aloia>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/mid/NIHMS10653/table/T2/ Table 2] in: {{cite journal |vauthors=Aloia JF, Feuerman M, Yeh JK |title=Reference range for serum parathyroid hormone |journal=Endocr Pract |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=137–44 |year=2006 |pmid=16690460 |pmc=1482827 |doi= 10.4158/ep.12.2.137}}</ref> || 65,<ref name=pth-molar/> 70<ref name=Aloia/> || pg/mL
Line 660 ⟶ 651:
|rowspan=2| [[25-hydroxycholecalciferol]] (a [[vitamin D]]) <br /> – [[Standard reference range]] ||rowspan=2| || 8,<ref name=bloodbook/><ref name=vitd-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass 400.6 g/mol</ref> 9<ref name=vitd-molar/> || 40,<ref name=vitd-molar/> 80<ref name=bloodbook/> || ng/mL
|-
| 20,<ref name=bender>{{cite book |author=Bender, David A. |chapter=Vitamin D |title=Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins |publisher=Cambridge University Press |___location=Cambridge |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-80388-5 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pxEJNs0IUo4C}} Retrieved December 10, 2008 through [[Google Book Search]].</ref> 23<ref name=bischoff>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, etal |title=Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged > or
|-
|rowspan=2| [[25-hydroxycholecalciferol]] <br /> – [[Therapeutic target range]] ||rowspan=2| || 30,<ref name=Reusch>{{cite journal |vauthors=Reusch J, Ackermann H, Badenhoop K |title=Cyclic changes of vitamin D and PTH are primarily regulated by solar radiation: 5-year analysis of a German (50 degrees N) population |journal=Horm. Metab. Res. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=402–07 |date=May 2009 |pmid=19241329 |doi=10.1055/s-0028-1128131 |s2cid=260166796 }}</ref> 40<ref name=Vasquez>{{cite journal |vauthors=Vasquez A, Cannell J |title=Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: data are not sufficient to show inefficacy |journal=BMJ |volume=331 |issue=7508 |pages=108–09; author reply 109 |date=July 2005 |pmid=16002891 |pmc=558659 |doi=10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b}}</ref> || 65,<ref name=Vasquez/> 100<ref name=Reusch/> || ng/mL
|-
| 85,<ref name=adeeva>[http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529032656/http://adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html |date=2009-05-29 }} Retrieved on July 9, 2009</ref> 100<ref name=Vasquez/> || 120,<ref name=adeeva/> 160<ref name=Vasquez/>|| nmol/L
Line 680 ⟶ 671:
|rowspan=2| [[Aldosterone-to-renin ratio]] <br />{{hatnote|-more detailed ranges in <br />[[Aldosterone-to-renin ratio|Aldosterone/renin ratio]] article}} ||rowspan=2| Adult || || 13.1,<ref name=Tiu2004/> 35.0<ref name=Tiu2004>{{cite journal |vauthors=Tiu SC, Choi CH, Shek CC, etal |title=The use of aldosterone-renin ratio as a diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism and its test characteristics under different conditions of blood sampling |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=72–78 |date=January 2005 |pmid=15483077 |doi=10.1210/jc.2004-1149|citeseerx=10.1.1.117.5182 }}</ref> || ng/dL per ng/(mL·h)
|-
| || 360,<ref name=Tiu2004/> 970<ref name=Tiu2004/> || pmol/liter per
|}
Line 697 ⟶ 688:
! Upper limit
|-
| [[Vitamin A]] || || 30<ref name=bloodbook/> || 65<ref name=bloodbook/> || || ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Vitamin B9|Vitamin B<sub>9</sub>]] <br /> (Folic acid/Folate) – '''Serum''' ||rowspan=2| Age > 1 year || 3.0<ref name=cmft>[http://www.cmft.nhs.uk/directorates/labmedicine/USERGUIDE/pdfs/Haem%20-%20Coagulation%20Ref%20Ranges.pdf Central Manchester University Hospitals
|-
| 6.8<ref name=b9-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 441 mol−1</ref> || 36<ref name=b9-mass/> || 11<ref name=b9-mass/> || || nmol/L
Line 733 ⟶ 724:
|}
===
{| class="wikitable"
! Test
Line 740 ⟶ 731:
! Unit
|-
| [[Lead]] || [[Optimal health range]] || < 20<ref name=merck/> or 40<ref name=bloodbook/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Blood ethanol content]] ||rowspan=2| Limit for [[Driving under the influence|drunk driving]] || 0,<ref name=drunk-driving/> 0.2,<ref name=drunk-driving>For [[Driving under the influence]] by country, see [[Drunk driving law by country]]</ref> 0.8<ref name=drunk-driving/> || [[Per mil|‰]] or g/L
Line 895 ⟶ 886:
! Comments
|-
| Thrombocyte/[[Platelets|Platelet]] count (Plt)|| 140,<ref name=southwest/> 150<ref name=uppsala/><ref name=firstaid/> || 350,<ref name=uppsala/><ref name=bloodbook/> 400,<ref name=firstaid/> 450<ref name=southwest/> || x10<sup>9</sup>/L or<br /> x1000/
|-
| [[Mean platelet volume]] (MPV) || 7.2,<ref name=Demirin2011>{{cite journal |vauthors=Demirin H, Ozhan H, Ucgun T, Celer A, Bulur S, Cil H, Gunes C, Yildirim HA |title=Normal range of mean platelet volume in healthy subjects: Insight from a large epidemiologic study |journal=Thromb. Res. |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=358–60 |year=2011 |pmid=21620440 |doi=10.1016/j.thromres.2011.05.007 |hdl=20.500.12684/3830 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> 7.4,<ref name=labcareplus>[http://www.labcareplus.org/docs/REFERENCE_RANGES.pdf Normal Values: RBC, Hgb, Hct, Indices, RDW, Platelets, and MPV (Conventional Units)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727010934/http://www.labcareplus.org/docs/REFERENCE_RANGES.pdf |date=2011-07-27 }} From labcareplus. Retrieved 4 nov, 2010</ref> 7.5<ref name=Lozano1988>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lozano M, Narváez J, Faúndez A, Mazzara R, Cid J, Jou JM, Marín JL, Ordinas A |title=[Platelet count and mean platelet volume in the Spanish population] |language=es|journal=Med Clin (Barc) |volume=110 |issue=20 |pages=774–77 |year=1998 |pmid=9666418 }}</ref> || 10.4,<ref name=labcareplus/> 11.5,<ref name=Lozano1988/> 11.7<ref name=Demirin2011/> || [[femtolitre|fL]] ||
|-
| [[Prothrombin time]] (PT)|| 10,<ref name=merck/> 11,<ref name=firstaid/><ref name=medline003652>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|003652}}</ref> 12<ref name=southwest/> || 13,<ref name=merck/> 13.5,<ref name=medline003652/> 14,<ref name=southwest/> 15<ref name=firstaid/> || s || PT reference varies between laboratory kits – INR is standardised
Line 911 ⟶ 902:
|rowspan=2| [[Antithrombin]] || 0.80<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.2<ref name=uppsala/> || kIU/L || rowspan=2 |
|-
| 0.15,<ref name=teruya2014>{{EMedicine|article|2084978|Antithrombin III}}</ref> 0.17<ref name=mgh>[http://mghlabtest.partners.org/coagbook/co000300.htm Antithrombin CO000300] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909215510/http://mghlabtest.partners.org/coagbook/co000300.htm |date=2017-09-09 }} in ''Coagulation Test Handbook'' at [[Massachusetts General Hospital]]. In turn citing:
* Elizabeth M. Van Cott, M.D., and Michael Laposata, M.D., Ph.D., "Coagulation." In: Jacobs DS et al, ed. The Laboratory Test Handbook, 5th Edition. Lexi-Comp, Cleveland, 2001; 327–58.</ref> || 0.2,<ref name=teruya2014/> 0.39<ref name=mgh/> || mg/mL
|-
Line 984 ⟶ 975:
| [[Anti ds-DNA]] || < 30.0<ref name="mayodna">{{cite web |title=ADNA – Clinical: DNA Double-Stranded Antibodies, IgG, Serum |url= https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8178 |website=www.mayocliniclabs.com |publisher=Mayo Clinic Laboratories |access-date=2 July 2020}}</ref> || 30.0–75.0<ref name="mayodna"/> || > 75.0<ref name="mayodna"/> || International Units per millilitre (IU/mL)
|-
| [[Anti ss-DNA]] || < 8<ref name=chronolab>[http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730010746/http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm |date=2013-07-30 }} Retrieved on April 29, 2010</ref> || 8–10<ref name=chronolab/> || > 10<ref name=chronolab/> || rowspan=4| Units per millilitre (U/mL)
|-
| [[Anti-histone antibodies]] || < 25<ref name=chronolab/> || n/a<ref name=chronolab/> || > 25<ref name=chronolab/>
Line 1,045 ⟶ 1,036:
| 0.4<ref name=Nohring/> || 1.7<ref name=Nohring/> || μmol/L ||
|-
| 1.8<ref name=uppsala/> || 3.4<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Amylase]] || 25,<ref name=firstaid/> 30,<ref name=southwest/> 53<ref name=bloodbook/> || 110,<ref name=southwest/> 120,<ref>{{Cite GPnotebook|309002307|Reference range (amylase)}}</ref> 123,<ref name=bloodbook/> 125,<ref name=firstaid/> 190<ref name=Nohring/> || U/L ||
|-
| 0.15<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.1<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
| 200<ref name=crp-mass>Derived from mass using molar mass of 25,106 g/mol</ref> || 240<ref name=crp-mass/> || nmol/L ||
Line 1,063 ⟶ 1,054:
| [[Acid phosphatase]] || || 3.0<ref name=Nohring/> || ng/mL ||
|-
| [[Eosinophil cationic protein]] (ECP) || 2.3<ref name=uppsala/> || 16<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|}
Line 1,115 ⟶ 1,106:
| 70<ref name=cleveland>{{cite web|url=http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Diabetes_Basics/hic_Understanding_Pre-Diabetes|title=Diabetes – Prevention|website=[[Cleveland Clinic]]|access-date=2016-06-23}} Last revised 1/15/2013</ref> || 140<ref name=cleveland/> || mg/dL
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|lactate}} [[Lactic acid|Lactate]] (Venous) ||rowspan=2| || 4.5<ref name=bloodbook/> || 19.8<ref name=bloodbook/> || mg/dL ||
|-
| 0.5<ref name=lactate-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 90.08 g/mol</ref> || 2.2<ref name=lactate-mass/> || mmol/L ||
Line 1,180 ⟶ 1,171:
|rowspan=2| [[Paracetamol]] || || 30<ref name=rosen>{{cite book|title=Rosen's Emergency Medicine – Concepts and Clinical Practice|author1=John Marx |author2=Ron Walls |author3=Robert Hockberger |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2013|isbn=9781455749874}}</ref> || mg/L ||rowspan=2| Risk of [[paracetamol toxicity]] at higher levels
|-
| || 200<ref name=rosen/> ||
|}
| |||