Content deleted Content added
Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (Whoop whoop pull up - 16706 |
Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
||
| (21 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{short description|Common human medical data ranges for blood test results}}
{{Reference ranges}}
'''
Blood test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reference Ranges and What They Mean|url=http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/features/ref-ranges/start/6|publisher=Lab Tests Online (USA)|access-date=22 June 2013|archive-date=28 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828020717/http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/features/ref-ranges/start/6|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Interpretation==
A [[reference range]] is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within (that is, 95% [[prediction interval]]).<ref>
===Plasma or whole blood===
In this article, all values (except the ones listed below) denote [[blood plasma]] concentration, which is approximately 60–100% larger than the actual blood concentration if the amount inside [[red blood cells]] (RBCs) is negligible. The precise factor depends on [[hematocrit]] as well as amount inside RBCs. Exceptions are mainly those values that denote total blood concentration, and in this article they are:<ref name="pmid33274357">{{
* All values in ''Hematology – red blood cells'' (except ''hemoglobin in plasma'')
* All values in ''Hematology – white blood cells''
Line 18:
===Units===
* [[Mass concentration (chemistry)|Mass concentration]] (g/dL or g/L) is the most common measurement unit in the United States. Is usually given with dL (decilitres) as the denominator in the United States, and usually with L (litres) in, for example, Sweden.{{cn|date=February 2024}}
* [[Molar concentration]] (mol/L) is used to a higher degree in most of the rest of the world, including the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe and Australia and New Zealand.<ref>
* [[International unit]]s (IU) are based on measured [[biological activity]] or effect, or for some substances, a specified equivalent mass.{{cn|date=February 2024}}▼
▲* [[International unit]]s (IU) are based on measured [[biological activity]] or effect, or for some substances, a specified equivalent mass.
* [[Enzyme activity]] ([[katal|kat]]) is commonly used for e.g. [[liver function test]]s like [[Aspartate transaminase|AST]], [[Alanine transaminase|ALT]], [[lactate dehydrogenase|LD]] and [[Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase|γ-GT]] in Sweden.<ref name=uppsala/>
* [[Percentage]]s and time-dependent units (mol/s) are used for calculated derived parameters, e.g. for [[beta cell]] function in [[Homeostatic model assessment|homeostasis model assessment]] or [[thyroid's secretory capacity]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=Nathan R. |last2=Levy |first2=Jonathan C. |last3=Matthews |first3=David R. |date=11 July 2013 |title=Expansion of the Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-Cell Function and Insulin Resistance to Enable Clinical Trial Outcome Modeling Through the Interactive Adjustment of Physiology and Treatment Effects: iHOMA2 |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/36/8/2324/33141/Expansion-of-the-Homeostasis-Model-Assessment-of |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=2324–2330 |doi=10.2337/dc12-0607 |issn=0149-5992 |pmc=3714535 |pmid=23564921}}</ref>
===Arterial or venous===
If not otherwise specified, a reference range for a blood test is generally the [[vein|venous]] range, as the standard process of obtaining a sample is by [[venipuncture]]. An exception is for acid–base and [[blood gas]]es, which are generally given for arterial blood.<ref>{{
Still, the blood values are approximately equal between the arterial and venous sides for most substances, with the exception of acid–base, blood gases and drugs (used in [[therapeutic drug monitoring]] (TDM) assays).<ref name="Dufour">
===Usual or optimal===
Line 35 ⟶ 34:
===Variability===
{{Further|Reference range}}
References range may vary with age, sex, race, pregnancy,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abbassi-Ghanavati
==Sorted by concentration==
===By mass and molarity===
Line 45 ⟶ 42:
{{Blood Values}}
Hormones predominate at the left part of the scale, shown with a red at ng/L or pmol/L, being in very low concentration. There appears to be the greatest cluster of substances in the yellow part (μg/L or nmol/L), becoming sparser in the green part (mg/L or μmol/L). However, there is another cluster containing many metabolic substances like cholesterol and glucose at the limit with the blue part (g/L or mmol/L).{{cn|date=February 2024}}
The unit conversions of substance concentrations from the molar to the mass concentration scale above are made as follows:
Line 52 ⟶ 49:
* Measured directly in distance on the scales:
:<math>\log_{10} \frac{\text{molar mass}}{1000} = \text{distance to right (decades)} </math>,
where distance is the direct (not logarithmic) distance in number of [[Decade (log scale)|decades]] or "octaves" to the right the mass concentration is found. To translate from mass to molar concentration, the dividend ([[molar mass]] and the divisor (1000) in the [[Division (mathematics)|division]] change places, or, alternatively, ''distance to right'' is changed to ''distance to left''. Substances with a molar mass around 1000g/mol (e.g. thyroxine) are almost vertically aligned in the mass and molar images. Adrenocorticotropic hormone, on the other hand, with a molar mass of 4540,<ref>[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01189 PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; NCBI
Many substances given in mass concentration are not given in molar amount because they haven't been added to the article.
Line 97 ⟶ 94:
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Calcium}} Ionized [[calcium]] (Ca) || 1.03,<ref name=Larsson>{{cite journal |vauthors=Larsson L, Ohman S |title=Serum ionized calcium and corrected total calcium in borderline hyperparathyroidism |journal=Clin. Chem. |volume=24 |issue=11 |pages=1962–65 |date=November 1978 |pmid=709830 |doi= 10.1093/clinchem/24.11.1962|url=http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=709830|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> 1.10<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.23,<ref name=Larsson/> 1.30<ref name=uppsala/> || mmol/L ||rowspan=2| See [[hypocalcaemia]] or [[hypercalcaemia]]
|-
|-
Line 109 ⟶ 106:
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Iron}} Total [[serum iron]] (TSI) – male || 65,<ref name=uimc>{{cite web |author=Slon S |title=Serum Iron |url=http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 |date=2006-09-22 |publisher=University of Illinois Medical Center |access-date=2006-07-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 |archive-date=2006-10-28 }}</ref> 76<ref name=southwest/> || 176,<ref name=uimc/> 198<ref name=southwest/> ||
|-
| 11.6,<ref name=DCL>[http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf Diagnostic Chemicals Limited > Serum Iron-SL Assay] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106161044/http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf |date=2009-01-06 }} July 15, 2005</ref><ref name=mass-iron/> 13.6<ref name=mass-iron/> || 30,<ref name=DCL/> 32,<ref name=mass-iron/> 35<ref name=mass-iron/> || μmol/L
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| Total serum iron (TSI) – female || 26,<ref name=southwest/> 50<ref name=uimc/> || 170<ref name=southwest/><ref name=uimc/> ||
|-
|-
Line 120 ⟶ 117:
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| Total serum iron (TSI) – [[newborns]] || 100<ref name=uimc/> || 250<ref name=uimc/> ||
|-
|-
| 18<ref name=mass-iron>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1</ref> || 45<ref name=mass-iron/> ||
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| Total serum iron (TSI) – [[child]]ren || 50<ref name=uimc/> || 120<ref name=uimc/> ||
|-
|-
| 9<ref name=mass-iron/> || 21<ref name=mass-iron/> ||
|-
|-
Line 135 ⟶ 132:
|-
|-
| 43,<ref name=mass-iron/> 47<ref name=mass-iron/> || 81,<ref name=mass-iron/> 85<ref name=mass-iron/>||
|-
|-
Line 145 ⟶ 142:
| [[Transferrin saturation]] || 20<ref name=uimc/> || 50<ref name=uimc/> || % ||
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Ferritin}} [[Ferritin]] – Males and [[postmenopausal]] females || 12<ref name=medline>[https://
|-
| 27<ref name=mass-ferritin>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 450,000 g•mol−1</ref> || 670<ref name=mass-ferritin/>|| pmol/L ||
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| Ferritin – premenopausal females || 12<ref name=medline/> || 150<ref name=medline/> – 200<ref name=medscape-ferritin/> || ng/mL or
|-
| 27<ref name=mass-ferritin/> || 330<ref name=mass-ferritin/> – 440<ref name=mass-ferritin/> || pmol/L ||
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Ammonia}} [[Ammonia]] || 10,<ref name=mitchell>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mitchell ML, Filippone MD, Wozniak TF |title=Metastatic carcinomatous cirrhosis and hepatic hemosiderosis in a patient heterozygous for the H63D genotype |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=125 |issue=8 |pages=1084–87 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11473464 |doi= 10.5858/2001-125-1084-MCCAHH|url=http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=125&page=1084 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> 20<ref name=diaz>{{cite journal |vauthors=Diaz J, Tornel PL, Martinez P |title=Reference intervals for blood ammonia in healthy subjects, determined by microdiffusion |journal=Clin. Chem. |volume=41 |issue=7 |page=1048 |date=July 1995 |pmid=7600690 |doi= 10.1093/clinchem/41.7.1048a|doi-access=free }}</ref> || 35,<ref name=mitchell/> 65<ref name=diaz/> || μmol/L ||rowspan=2| See [[wikt:hypoammonemia#Noun|hypoammonemia]] and [[hyperammonemia]]
|-
| 17,<ref name=ammonia-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 17.03 g/mol</ref> 34<ref name=ammonia-molar/> || 60,<ref name=ammonia-molar/> 110<ref name=ammonia-molar/> || μg/dL
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Copper}} [[Copper]] (Cu) || 70<ref name=bloodbook/> || 150<ref name=bloodbook/> ||
|-
| 11<ref name=copper-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 63.55 g•mol−1</ref><ref>{{Cite GPnotebook|1040580630|Reference range for copper}}</ref> || 24<ref name=copper-mass/> || μmol/L
Line 177 ⟶ 174:
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Zinc}} [[Zinc]] (Zn) || 60,<ref name=dlolab>{{cite web |url=http://www.dlolab.com/PDFs/DLO-OCTOBER-2008-LAB-UPDATE.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-01-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307231954/http://www.dlolab.com/PDFs/DLO-OCTOBER-2008-LAB-UPDATE.pdf |archive-date=2010-03-07 }}</ref> 72<ref name=zinc-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol</ref> || 110,<ref name=zinc-molar/> 130<ref name=dlolab/> || μg/dL ||rowspan=2| See [[zinc deficiency]] or [[zinc#Poisoning|zinc poisoning]]
|-
| 9.2,<ref name=zinc-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol</ref> 11<ref name=uppsala/> || 17,<ref name=uppsala/> 20<ref name=zinc-mass/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Anchor|Magnesium}} [[Magnesium]] || 1.5,<ref name=bloodbook/> 1.7<ref name=magnesium-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol</ref> || 2.0,<ref name=bloodbook/> 2.3<ref name=magnesium-molar/> || mEq/L or mg/dL ||rowspan=2| See [[hypomagnesemia]] or [[hypermagnesemia]]
Line 189 ⟶ 186:
{{Further|Acid–base homeostasis}}
{{Further|Arterial blood gas test|Arterial blood gas test#Parameters and reference ranges}}
If [[artery|arterial]]/[[vein|venous]] is not specified for an acid–base or blood gas value, then it generally refers to arterial, and not venous which otherwise is standard for other blood tests.{{cn|date=February 2024}}
Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values.<ref name=Dufour/> Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of [[inter-rater reliability|inter-method reliability]] between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these.<ref name=middleton>{{cite journal |vauthors=Middleton P, Kelly AM, Brown J, Robertson M |title=Agreements between arterial and central venous values for pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and lactate |journal=Emerg Med J |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=622–24 |date=August 2006 |pmid=16858095 |pmc=2564165 |doi=10.1136/emj.2006.035915 }}</ref>
Line 202 ⟶ 199:
|rowspan=2| [[pH]] || Arterial || 7.34,<ref name=southwest/> 7.35<ref name=firstaid/> || 7.44,<ref name=southwest/> 7.45<ref name=firstaid/> ||
|-
| Venous || 7.31<ref name=brookside>[http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates
|-
|-
Line 276 ⟶ 273:
|rowspan=3| [[Alanine transaminase]] (ALT/ALAT<ref name=uppsala/>) || || 5,<ref name=Nohring/> 7,<ref name=southwest/> 8<ref name=firstaid>Last page of {{cite book |author1=Deepak A. Rao |author2=Le, Tao |author3=Bhushan, Vikas |title=First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1) |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-07-149868-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/firstaidforusmle00taol }}</ref> || 20,<ref name=firstaid/> 21,<ref name=merck/> 56<ref name=southwest/> || U/L ||rowspan=3| Also called ''serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase'' (SGPT)
|-
| Female || 0.15<ref name=uppsala/> || 0.75<ref name=uppsala/> ||rowspan=2|
|-
| Male || 0.15<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.1<ref name=uppsala/>
Line 282 ⟶ 279:
|rowspan=4| [[Aspartate transaminase]] (AST/ASAT<ref name=uppsala/>) ||rowspan=2| Female || 6<ref name=gpnotebook-ast>[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=322240579 GPnotebook > reference range (AST)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107125542/http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=322240579 |date=2017-01-07 }} Retrieved on Dec 7, 2009</ref> || 34<ref name=gpnotebook-ast/> || IU/L ||rowspan=4| Also called <br /> ''serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase'' (SGOT)
|-
| 0.25<ref name=uppsala/> || 0.60<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| Male || 8<ref name=gpnotebook-ast/> || 40<ref name=gpnotebook-ast/> || IU/L
|-
| 0.25<ref name=uppsala/> || 0.75<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Alkaline phosphatase]] (ALP) || || 0.6<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.8<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
| Female || 42<ref name=Nohring>Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. {{ISBN|978-3-437-15120-0}}. Length: 1288 pages</ref> || 98<ref name=Nohring/> ||rowspan=2| U/L ||
Line 296 ⟶ 293:
|rowspan=3| [[Gamma glutamyl transferase]] (GGT) || || 5,<ref name=Nohring/> 8<ref name=southwest/> || 40,<ref name=Nohring/> 78<ref name=southwest/> || U/L ||
|-
| Female || || 0.63<ref name="MDI">{{cite web|url=http://www.mdi-labor.de/l_leistungsverzeichnis_detail.php?u_id=663&init=letter |title=Gamma-GT |work=Leistungsverzeichnis |publisher=Medizinisch-Diagnostische Institute |access-date=20 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425233448/http://www.mdi-labor.de/l_leistungsverzeichnis_detail.php?u_id=663&init=letter |archive-date=25 April 2012 }}</ref> ||
|-
| Male || || 0.92<ref name="MDI" /> ||
|-
|}
Line 314 ⟶ 311:
|rowspan=4| [[Creatine kinase]] (CK) ||rowspan=2| Male || 24,<ref name="GPnotebook_1436155929">{{Cite GPnotebook|1436155929|Creatine kinase}}</ref> 38,<ref name=southwest/> 60<ref name=Nohring/> || 174,<ref name=bloodbook/> 320<ref name=Nohring/> || U/L or ng/mL ||
|-
| 0.42<ref name=Lee2009p585>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AUSIRcV_as0C&pg=PA585 Page 585] in: {{cite book |author=Lee, Mary Ann |title=Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data |publisher=Amer Soc of Health System |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-58528-180-0 }}</ref> || 1.5<ref name=Lee2009p585/> ||
|-
| rowspan=2| Female || 24,<ref name="GPnotebook_1436155929"/> 38,<ref name=southwest/> 96<ref name=bloodbook/> || 140,<ref name=bloodbook/> 200<ref name=Nohring/> || U/L or ng/mL ||
|-
| 0.17<ref name=Lee2009p585/> || 1.17<ref name=Lee2009p585/> ||
|-
| [[CK-MB]] || || 0 || 3,<ref name=southwest/> 3.8,<ref name=uppsala/> 5<ref name=Nohring/> || ng/mL or μg/L<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Myoglobin]] || Female || 1<ref name=MediaLab>[http://www.medialabinc.net/muscle-keyword.aspx Muscle Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc. > Cardiac Biomarkers] Retrieved on April 22, 2010</ref> || 66<ref name=MediaLab/> ||rowspan=2| ng/mL or
|-
| Male || 17<ref name=MediaLab/> || 106<ref name=MediaLab/> ||
Line 354 ⟶ 351:
|not established
|
|more than adults <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016-07-01|title=Plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations in healthy neonates, children and adolescents measured with a high sensitive immunoassay method: High sensitive troponin I in pediatric age|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0009898116301553|journal=Clinica Chimica Acta|language=en|volume=458|pages=68–71|doi=10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.029|pmid=27118089|issn=0009-8981|last1=Caselli|first1=C.|last2=Cangemi|first2=G.|last3=Masotti|first3=S.|last4=Ragusa|first4=R.|last5=Gennai|first5=I.|last6=Del Ry|first6=S.|last7=Prontera|first7=C.|last8=Clerico|first8=A.|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Baum|first1=Hannsjörg|last2=Hinze|first2=Anika|last3=Bartels|first3=Peter|last4=Neumeier|first4=Dieter|date=2004-12-01|title=Reference values for cardiac troponins T and I in healthy neonates|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912004002218|journal=Clinical Biochemistry|language=en|volume=37|issue=12|pages=1079–82|doi=10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.08.003|pmid=15589813|issn=0009-9120|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|}
Line 431 ⟶ 428:
! Comments
|-
| [[Alpha fetoprotein]] (AFP) || || 44<ref name=southwest/> || ng/mL or
|-
| Beta [[human chorionic gonadotrophin]] (β-hCG) || In males and non-pregnant females || 5<ref name=southwest/> || IU/L or mU/mL || choriocarcinoma
Line 437 ⟶ 434:
| [[CA19-9]] || || 40<ref name=southwest/> || U/mL || Pancreatic cancer
|-
| [[CA-125]] || || 30,<ref name=gp-ca125>[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-100270014 GP Notebook > range (reference, ca-125)] Retrieved on Jan 5, 2009</ref> 35<ref>[http://www.clinlabnavigator.com/Test-Interpretations/ca-125.html ClinLab Navigator > Test Interpretations > CA-125] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626000109/http://www.clinlabnavigator.com/Test-Interpretations/ca-125.html |date=2012-06-26 }} Retrieved on March 8, 2011</ref> || kU/L or U/mL ||
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Carcinoembryonic antigen]] (CEA) || Non-smokers, 50 years || 3.4,<ref name=uppsala/> 3.6<ref name=bjerner>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bjerner J, Høgetveit A, Wold Akselberg K, etal |s2cid=12545738 |title=Reference intervals for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, MUC1, Alfa-foeto-protein (AFP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and CA19.9 from the NORIP study |journal=Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation |volume= 68|issue= 8|pages=703–13 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18609108 |doi=10.1080/00365510802126836 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/11808120 }}</ref> ||rowspan=3| μg/L ||
Line 527 ⟶ 524:
|rowspan=8| [[Testosterone]] ||rowspan=2| Male, overall || 8,<ref name=AA>{{Cite web|url=http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=LOWTESTDIAG#LOWTESTDIAGNORM|title=Andrology Australia: Your Health > Low Testosterone > Diagnosis|access-date=2008-11-28|archive-date=2012-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217051046/http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=LOWTESTDIAG#LOWTESTDIAGNORM|url-status=dead}}</ref> 10<ref name=testosterone-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol</ref> || 27,<ref name=AA/> 35<ref name=testosterone-mass/> || nmol/L
|-
| 230,<ref name=testosterone-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol</ref> 300<ref name=medline-testosterone>[https://www.
|-
|rowspan=2| Male < 50 years || 10<ref name=uppsala/> || 45<ref name=uppsala/> || nmol/L
Line 543 ⟶ 540:
|rowspan=4| [[17α-Hydroxyprogesterone]] ||rowspan=2| male || 0.06<ref name=bloodbook/> || 3.0<ref name=bloodbook/> || mg/L
|-
| 0.18<ref name=17hpg-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 330.46g/mol</ref> || 9.1<ref name=17hpg-mass/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| Female (Follicular phase) || 0.2<ref name=bloodbook/> || 1.0<ref name=bloodbook/> || mg/L
|-
| 0.6<ref name=17hpg-mass/> || 3.0<ref name=17hpg-mass/> ||
|-
|rowspan=6| [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|Follicle-stimulating<br /> hormone]] (FSH)<br />{{hatnote|-more detailed menstrual cycle<br /> ranges in [[:File:Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during menstrual cycle.png|separate diagram]]}} || Prepubertal || <1<ref name=gpnotebook-FSH>[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 reference range (FSH)] GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009</ref> || 3<ref name=gpnotebook-FSH/> ||rowspan=6| IU/L
Line 586 ⟶ 583:
|rowspan=2| [[Progesterone]]<br />{{hatnote|-more detailed ranges<br /> in [[Progesterone#Levels|Progesterone]] article}} ||rowspan=2| Female in mid-[[luteal phase]] (day 21–23) || 17,<ref name=Stricker/> 35<ref name=progesterone-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 314.46 g/mol</ref> || 92<ref name="progesterone-mass"/> || nmol/L
|-
| 6,<ref name=Stricker/> 11<ref name=Bhattacharya>Bhattacharya Sudhindra Mohan (July/August 2005) [http://medind.nic.in/jaq/t05/i4/jaqt05i4p350.pdf Mid-luteal phase plasma progesterone levels in spontaneous and clomiphene citrate induced conception cycles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602092012/http://medind.nic.in/jaq/t05/i4/jaqt05i4p350.pdf |date=2010-06-02 }} J Obstet Gynecol India Vol. 55, No. 4 : July/August 2005 pp. 350–52</ref> || 29<ref name=Bhattacharya/> || ng/mL
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Androstenedione]] || Adult male and female || 60<ref name=nyhq/> || 270<ref name=nyhq/> ||rowspan=3| ng/dL
Line 594 ⟶ 591:
| Prepubertal || || < 60<ref name=nyhq/>
|-
| [[Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate]] {{hatnote|-more detailed ranges<br /> in [[Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate|DHEA-S]] article}} || Adult male and female || 30<ref name=mayo>[http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8493 Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S), Serum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314080932/https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8493 |date=2018-03-14 }} at Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research. Retrieved July 2012</ref> || 400<ref name=mayo/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Sex hormone-binding globulin|SHBG]] <br />{{hatnote|-more detailed ranges<br /> in [[Sex hormone-binding globulin#Blood values|SHBG]] article}} || Adult female || 40<ref name=mayo-shbg>[http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print.php?unit_code=91215 Unit Code 91215] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111631/http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print.php?unit_code=91215 |date=2011-07-20 }} at [[Mayo Clinic]] Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2011</ref> || 120<ref name=mayo-shbg/> ||rowspan=2| nmol/L
Line 616 ⟶ 613:
! Unit
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone]] (ACTH) ||rowspan=2| || 2.2<ref name="Nieman">{{cite web |last1=Nieman |first1=Lynnette K |title=Measurement of ACTH, CRH, and other hypothalamic and pituitary peptides |url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/measurement-of-acth-crh-and-other-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-peptides |website=www.uptodate.com |publisher=UpToDate |access-date=25 June 2021 |date=29 September 2019 |archive-date=25 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625125528/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/measurement-of-acth-crh-and-other-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-peptides |url-status=dead }}</ref> || 13.3<ref name="Nieman"/> || pmol/L
|-
| 20<ref name=southwest/> || 100<ref name=southwest/> || pg/mL
|-
|rowspan=4| [[Cortisol]] ||rowspan=2| 09:00 [[ante meridiem|am]] || 140<ref name=goodhope>[http://www.goodhope.org.uk/departments/pathweb/refranges.htm Biochemistry Reference Ranges at Good Hope Hospital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720014644/http://www.goodhope.org.uk/Departments/pathweb/refranges.htm |date=2010-07-20 }} Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009</ref> || 700<ref name=goodhope/> || nmol/L
|-
| 5<ref name=cortisol-derived>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 362 g/mol</ref> || 25<ref name=cortisol-derived/> || μg/dL
Line 642 ⟶ 639:
|rowspan=4| [[Prolactin]]<br /> {{hatnote|-more detailed ranges in<br /> [[Prolactin]] article}} ||rowspan=2| Female || 71,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 105<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || 348,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 548<ref name=Beltran_2008>Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from [http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 Table 2] in: {{cite journal |vauthors=Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP |title=Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms |journal=Clinical Chemistry |volume=54 |issue=10 |pages=1673–81 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18719199 |doi=10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312|doi-access=free }}</ref> || mIU/L
|-
| 3.4,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 3.9<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || 16.4,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 20.3<ref name=Beltran_2008/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| Male || 58,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 89<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || 277,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 365<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || mIU/L
|-
| 2.7,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 3.3<ref name=Beltran_2008/> || 13.0,<ref name=Beltran_2008/> 13.5<ref name=Beltran_2008/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Parathyroid hormone]] (PTH) || || 10,<ref name=pth-molar>Derived from molar values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa</ref> 17<ref name=Aloia>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/mid/NIHMS10653/table/T2/ Table 2] in: {{cite journal |vauthors=Aloia JF, Feuerman M, Yeh JK |title=Reference range for serum parathyroid hormone |journal=Endocr Pract |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=137–44 |year=2006 |pmid=16690460 |pmc=1482827 |doi= 10.4158/ep.12.2.137}}</ref> || 65,<ref name=pth-molar/> 70<ref name=Aloia/> || pg/mL
Line 674 ⟶ 671:
|rowspan=2| [[Aldosterone-to-renin ratio]] <br />{{hatnote|-more detailed ranges in <br />[[Aldosterone-to-renin ratio|Aldosterone/renin ratio]] article}} ||rowspan=2| Adult || || 13.1,<ref name=Tiu2004/> 35.0<ref name=Tiu2004>{{cite journal |vauthors=Tiu SC, Choi CH, Shek CC, etal |title=The use of aldosterone-renin ratio as a diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism and its test characteristics under different conditions of blood sampling |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=72–78 |date=January 2005 |pmid=15483077 |doi=10.1210/jc.2004-1149|citeseerx=10.1.1.117.5182 }}</ref> || ng/dL per ng/(mL·h)
|-
| || 360,<ref name=Tiu2004/> 970<ref name=Tiu2004/> || pmol/liter per
|}
Line 691 ⟶ 688:
! Upper limit
|-
| [[Vitamin A]] || || 30<ref name=bloodbook/> || 65<ref name=bloodbook/> || || ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Vitamin B9|Vitamin B<sub>9</sub>]] <br /> (Folic acid/Folate) – '''Serum''' ||rowspan=2| Age > 1 year || 3.0<ref name=cmft>[http://www.cmft.nhs.uk/directorates/labmedicine/USERGUIDE/pdfs/Haem%20-%20Coagulation%20Ref%20Ranges.pdf Central Manchester University Hospitals
|-
| 6.8<ref name=b9-mass>Derived from mass values using molar mass of 441 mol−1</ref> || 36<ref name=b9-mass/> || 11<ref name=b9-mass/> || || nmol/L
Line 727 ⟶ 724:
|}
===
{| class="wikitable"
! Test
Line 734 ⟶ 731:
! Unit
|-
| [[Lead]] || [[Optimal health range]] || < 20<ref name=merck/> or 40<ref name=bloodbook/> ||
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Blood ethanol content]] ||rowspan=2| Limit for [[Driving under the influence|drunk driving]] || 0,<ref name=drunk-driving/> 0.2,<ref name=drunk-driving>For [[Driving under the influence]] by country, see [[Drunk driving law by country]]</ref> 0.8<ref name=drunk-driving/> || [[Per mil|‰]] or g/L
Line 889 ⟶ 886:
! Comments
|-
| Thrombocyte/[[Platelets|Platelet]] count (Plt)|| 140,<ref name=southwest/> 150<ref name=uppsala/><ref name=firstaid/> || 350,<ref name=uppsala/><ref name=bloodbook/> 400,<ref name=firstaid/> 450<ref name=southwest/> || x10<sup>9</sup>/L or<br /> x1000/
|-
| [[Mean platelet volume]] (MPV) || 7.2,<ref name=Demirin2011>{{cite journal |vauthors=Demirin H, Ozhan H, Ucgun T, Celer A, Bulur S, Cil H, Gunes C, Yildirim HA |title=Normal range of mean platelet volume in healthy subjects: Insight from a large epidemiologic study |journal=Thromb. Res. |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=358–60 |year=2011 |pmid=21620440 |doi=10.1016/j.thromres.2011.05.007 |hdl=20.500.12684/3830 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> 7.4,<ref name=labcareplus>[http://www.labcareplus.org/docs/REFERENCE_RANGES.pdf Normal Values: RBC, Hgb, Hct, Indices, RDW, Platelets, and MPV (Conventional Units)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727010934/http://www.labcareplus.org/docs/REFERENCE_RANGES.pdf |date=2011-07-27 }} From labcareplus. Retrieved 4 nov, 2010</ref> 7.5<ref name=Lozano1988>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lozano M, Narváez J, Faúndez A, Mazzara R, Cid J, Jou JM, Marín JL, Ordinas A |title=[Platelet count and mean platelet volume in the Spanish population] |language=es|journal=Med Clin (Barc) |volume=110 |issue=20 |pages=774–77 |year=1998 |pmid=9666418 }}</ref> || 10.4,<ref name=labcareplus/> 11.5,<ref name=Lozano1988/> 11.7<ref name=Demirin2011/> || [[femtolitre|fL]] ||
|-
| [[Prothrombin time]] (PT)|| 10,<ref name=merck/> 11,<ref name=firstaid/><ref name=medline003652>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|003652}}</ref> 12<ref name=southwest/> || 13,<ref name=merck/> 13.5,<ref name=medline003652/> 14,<ref name=southwest/> 15<ref name=firstaid/> || s || PT reference varies between laboratory kits – INR is standardised
Line 905 ⟶ 902:
|rowspan=2| [[Antithrombin]] || 0.80<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.2<ref name=uppsala/> || kIU/L || rowspan=2 |
|-
| 0.15,<ref name=teruya2014>{{EMedicine|article|2084978|Antithrombin III}}</ref> 0.17<ref name=mgh>[http://mghlabtest.partners.org/coagbook/co000300.htm Antithrombin CO000300] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909215510/http://mghlabtest.partners.org/coagbook/co000300.htm |date=2017-09-09 }} in ''Coagulation Test Handbook'' at [[Massachusetts General Hospital]]. In turn citing:
* Elizabeth M. Van Cott, M.D., and Michael Laposata, M.D., Ph.D., "Coagulation." In: Jacobs DS et al, ed. The Laboratory Test Handbook, 5th Edition. Lexi-Comp, Cleveland, 2001; 327–58.</ref> || 0.2,<ref name=teruya2014/> 0.39<ref name=mgh/> || mg/mL
|-
Line 1,039 ⟶ 1,036:
| 0.4<ref name=Nohring/> || 1.7<ref name=Nohring/> || μmol/L ||
|-
| 1.8<ref name=uppsala/> || 3.4<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Amylase]] || 25,<ref name=firstaid/> 30,<ref name=southwest/> 53<ref name=bloodbook/> || 110,<ref name=southwest/> 120,<ref>{{Cite GPnotebook|309002307|Reference range (amylase)}}</ref> 123,<ref name=bloodbook/> 125,<ref name=firstaid/> 190<ref name=Nohring/> || U/L ||
|-
| 0.15<ref name=uppsala/> || 1.1<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|-
| 200<ref name=crp-mass>Derived from mass using molar mass of 25,106 g/mol</ref> || 240<ref name=crp-mass/> || nmol/L ||
Line 1,057 ⟶ 1,054:
| [[Acid phosphatase]] || || 3.0<ref name=Nohring/> || ng/mL ||
|-
| [[Eosinophil cationic protein]] (ECP) || 2.3<ref name=uppsala/> || 16<ref name=uppsala/> ||
|}
Line 1,174 ⟶ 1,171:
|rowspan=2| [[Paracetamol]] || || 30<ref name=rosen>{{cite book|title=Rosen's Emergency Medicine – Concepts and Clinical Practice|author1=John Marx |author2=Ron Walls |author3=Robert Hockberger |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2013|isbn=9781455749874}}</ref> || mg/L ||rowspan=2| Risk of [[paracetamol toxicity]] at higher levels
|-
| || 200<ref name=rosen/> ||
|}
| |||