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{{Short description|GNU replacement for the Bourne shell}}
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{{More refs|date=August 2025}}
{{Over-quotation|date=August 2025}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox software
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| url = https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Character
| website = mozilla.org
| date = 11 July 2025
}}
</ref>
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| quote = UNIX is case sensitive. Because UNIX is case sensitive, our shell scripts are also case sensitive.
| title = Mastering Unix Shell Scripting, 2e
| url = https://books.google.com/books?
}}
</ref>
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BCPL is a precursor of the [[C (programming language) |C programming language]], in which Bash is written.
In [[C++]], a descendant of C, it's also true that "arrays start indexing from element 0."<ref>
{{Cite
| access-date = 25 August 2025
| author = Graham M. Seed
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| publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]]
| title = An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming in C++, 7.4 Array Indexing
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_lqj98AsnGAC&q=zeroth+element&pg=PA195
| isbn = 978-1-85233-450-5
| website = books.google.com▼
}}
</ref>
The array's name and index number are a synonym for the data's ___location in memory.<ref>
{{Cite
| access-date = 25 August 2025
| author = Graham M. Seed
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| quote = The name of an array is a synonym for the memory ___location of the array.
| title = An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming in C++, 7.12.1 One-Dimensional Arrays
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_lqj98AsnGAC&q=zeroth+element&pg=PA210
| isbn = 978-1-85233-450-5
| website = books.google.com▼
}}
</ref>
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[x] Terminal emulator as separate from shell
-->
This functionality is provided by a program called [[GNU Readline]] and is available in interactive mode only.
Certain keypress combinations allow a user to operate Bash to use tab completion and to search the command history.
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| website = hypexr.org
}}</ref>
=== Syntax <span class="anchor" id="Syntax"></span><span class="anchor" id="Tokens"></span><span class="anchor" id="Metacharacters"></span><span class="anchor" id="Operators"></span><span class="anchor" id="Words"></span><span class="anchor" id="Names"></span> ===
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All data is stored in memory as a string.
'''Syntax common among data structures in Bash:'''
Beginnning a word with a dollar character signifies that the word is the name of a variable or array.
Surrounding the dollar / variable name syntax in double quotes is always advised.
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[ ] scripts execute the contents of a file in a subshell
-->
With the {{code| source}}, or synonymous {{code| .}} command, Bash reads and executes shell commands from any text file by name.<ref>
{{Cite web
| access-date = 26 August 2025
| publisher = [[Free Software Foundation, Inc.]]
| title = 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins
}}
</ref>
=== Login and non-login shells <span class="anchor" id="Login and non-login shells"></span><span class="anchor" id="Login shells"></span><span class="anchor" id="Non-login shells"></span> ===
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| quote = 19 :: SIGSTOP :: Stop, usually Ctrl + z
| title = Mastering Unix Shell Scripting, 2e
| url = https://books.google.com/books?
}}</ref>
When a process receives a SIGKILL, the process terminates immediately and messily.
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| quote = Use KILL only as a last resort!
| title = Learning the bash Shell: Unix Shell Programming
| isbn = 978-0-596-55500-9
| url = https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dzBCH3x6fYEC▼
}}</ref>
The SIGKILL signal cannot be blocked or handled.
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| quote = In Korn shell the {{Mono |echo}} command recognizes these command options by default. In Bash shell we must add the {{Mono |-e}} switch to the {{Mono |echo}} command, {{Code| echo -e "\n"| bash}} for one new line.
| title = Mastering Unix Shell Scripting, 2e
| url = https://books.google.com/books?
}}</ref>
The list of options is not uniform across implementations, though {{mono|echo}} and {{mono|printf}} are both specified by POSIX.
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| publisher = [[GNU Project]]
| title = Bash Reference Manual: 4.3.1: The Set Builtin
| url = https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Set-Builtin.html
▲/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Set-Builtin.html
| website = [[Free Software Foundation, Inc.]]
}}</ref>
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-->
{{Blockquote
| ITERATION: Sometimes programs are repeated indefinitely or until a specific outcome is reached. Each execution of the instructions is an
{{Cite web
| access-date = 15 August 2025
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| url = https://onlinegrad.syracuse.edu/blog/coding-terms-for-beginners/
| website = syracuse.edu
| date = 13 January 2020
}}</ref>
| author =
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| quote = Learning this now can save us a lot of pain and heartache later, especially....
| title = Mastering Linux Shell Scripting
| isbn = 978-1-78439-759-3
}}</ref>
| author = Mastering Linux Shell Scripting, by Andrew Mallett
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Bash became the default shell on Apple's operating systems (i.e., MacOS) starting with OS X 10.3 Panther.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Essential_Mac_OS_X_Panther_Server_Admini/zrI-U0KWj3cC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bash&pg=PA189&printsec=frontcover Essential Mac OS S Panther Server Administration, pg 189]
</ref><ref>
{{Cite
| access-date = 8 August 2025
| archive-date = 2 March 2021
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dwIRERUpQPEC&q=bash+most+popular+unix+shell&pg=PA6
| url-status = live
}}
</ref>
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