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{{Short description|Surveillance program}}
[[File:fast tsa screen.jpg|thumb|right|250px|FAST screenshot (blurred)]]
'''Future
== Background ==
[[File:Dhs-fast2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|DHS officials viewing a FAST prototype demonstration]]
[[File:Dhs-fast.png|thumb|450px|right|Artist's concept showing projected use of Future Attribute Screening Technology]]
The program was under the [[Homeland Security Advanced Research Agency]] and the [[Science & Technology Human Factors Behavior Science Division]] of DHS.<ref name=hstoday/> In a meeting held on July 24, 2008, the DHS Under Secretary Jay Cohen stated, the goal is to create a new technology that would be working in real time as opposed to after a crime is already committed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/privacy_datamining_July24_2008_minutes.pdf|title=dhs.gov}}</ref>
The DHS science spokesman John Verrico stated in September 2008 that preliminary testing had demonstrated 78% accuracy on mal-intent detection and 80% on deception.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=1891|title=Future Attribute Screening Technologies Precrime Detector: Science Fiction in the News|website=www.technovelgy.com}}</ref> However, this was not a controlled, double-blind study, and researchers from Lawrence University and the Federation of American Scientists have questioned its validity without further evidence.<ref name=nature1/>
The system measures pulse rate, skin temperature, breathing, facial expression, body movement, pupil dilation, and other "psycho physiological/behavioral patterns" to stop "unknown terrorists". The technology would mostly be used at airports, borders, and special events.<ref name=siw/> Fox News reported that the mobile units transmit data to analysts, who use "a system to recognize, define and measure seven primary emotions and emotional cues that are reflected in contractions of facial muscles." The system is named [[MALINTENT]]. Results are transmitted back to screeners.<ref name=hstoday/><ref name=foxnews/>
DHS produced a 'privacy impact assessment' in 2008. It described the system as comprising:<ref name=dhs1/>
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==Controversy==
Other researchers, such as Tom Ormerod of the Investigative Expertise Unit at the UK's [[Lancaster University]], argue that ordinary travel anxieties could cause false positives—Ormerod told ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' "even having an iris scan or fingerprint read at immigration is enough to raise the heart rate of most legitimate travellers".<ref name=nature1/> Others noted that the basic premise may be flawed. Steven Aftergood, a senior research analyst at the Federation of American Scientists, stated "I believe that the premise of this approach—that there is an identifiable physiological signature uniquely associated with malicious intent—is mistaken. To my knowledge, it has not been demonstrated." The ''Nature'' article in which he was quoted went on to note that
Due to the ability of the system to 'read people's thoughts', it is potentially in violation of privacy laws such as the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth]] and [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution]]. A summary of the scientific and legal issues with the program was presented at [[DEF CON]] in 2011 by independent security researchers.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[DEF CON]] |title=DEF CON 19 Speakers |url=https://www.defcon.org/html/defcon-19/dc-19-speakers.html#Rezchikov |accessdate=2011-11-12}}</ref>
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*[[Thoughtcrime]]
*[[Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response team]] (VIPR)
== References ==
{{reflist | refs =
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<ref name=batelle2>
{{cite web |url=http://www.input.com/corp/library/detail.cfm?ItemID=5878 |title=Battelle Memorial Institute Department of Homeland Security Contract # HSHQDC07C00087 |date= September 2007 |publisher=input.com |accessdate=
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<ref name=dtic>
[https://web.archive.org/web/20120514025819/http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2008hls/Breakouts/501BCMonday/TS15STStakeholdersConference_LosAngeles.pdf Office of Procurement Operations Science and Technology (S&T) Stakeholders Conference], January 14, 2008, Defense Technical Information Center, retr May 2011
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