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An '''event data recorder''' ('''EDR''')
The term generally refers to a simple, tamper-proof, [[read-write memory]] device. The role of the EDR is limited compared to journey data recorders such as [[digital tachograph
In modern diesel [[truck]]s, EDRs are triggered by electronically sensed problems in the engine (often called faults), or a sudden change in wheel speed. One or more of these conditions may occur because of an accident. Information from these devices can be collected after a crash and analyzed to help determine what the vehicles were doing before, during and after the crash or event.
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== History ==
In its efforts to establish the uniform scientific crash data needed to make vehicle and highway transportation safer and reduce fatalities, the [[IEEE]] launched IEEE 1616 in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=IEEE 1616-2004 - IEEE Standard for Motor Vehicle Event Data Recorder (MVEDR)|url=https://standards.ieee.org/
The new standard specifies minimal performance characteristics for onboard tamper- and crash-proof memory devices for all types and classes of highway and roadway vehicles. This international protocol will help manufacturers develop what is commonly called "black boxes" for autos, trucks, buses, ambulances, fire trucks and other vehicles. It includes a data dictionary of 86 data elements and covers device survivability.
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Since between 2008 and 2015, Japan has fitted vehicles with event data recorders, according to Japanese regulation J-EDR (Kokujigi 278/2008), for passenger cars.
Since between 2012 and 2015 Switzerland has fitted vehicles with event data recorders, according to regulation
Since between 2003 and 2005, Uruguay has fitted vehicles with event data recorders, according to Decree 560/003 Art. 11, for dangerous goods vehicles.
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In an EU parliament text adopted in 2019, event data recorder requirements assume:
{{blockquote|the data that they are capable of recording and storing with respect of the period shortly before, during and immediately after a collision shall include the vehicle's [[speed]], [[braking]], position and tilt of the vehicle on the road, the state and rate of activation of all its safety systems, 112-based [[eCall]] in-vehicle system, brake activation and relevant input parameters of the on-board active safety and [[collision avoidance system|accident avoidance systems]], with high level of accuracy and ensured survivability of data}}
Since 6 July 2022 EDR regulation is applicable to new car models sold in the [[European Union]] and in the [[European economic area]] but this move has been met with criticism as this standard is not stringent enough.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://etsc.eu/july-6th-2022-vehicle-safety-in-europe-takes-a-giant-leap-forward/ | title=July 6th 2022 – Vehicle safety in Europe takes a giant leap forward | date=5 July 2022 | publisher=ETSC }}</ref>▼
=== Technical regulations ===
In 2020, talks were ongoing to draft and define global and/or UNECE [[vehicle regulation]] for event data recorder. In March 2021, regulation 160 was adopted.<ref name="unece.org"/>
European UN regulations include regulation 160 for cars (M1 and N1 categories)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Union |first=Publications Office of the European |date=2021-07-26 |title=UN Regulation No 160 – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Event Data Recorder [2021/1215], PUB/2021/586 |url=https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/264f8c23-edab-11eb-a71c-01aa75ed71a1/language-en |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Publications Office of the EU |language=en}}</ref> and regulation 169 for heavy vehicles (M2, M3, N2 and N3categories)<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-05-28 |title=EU: New draft regulation on event data recorders |url=https://igarr.com/2024/05/28/eu-new-draft-regulation-on-event-data-recorders/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Institute for Global Automotive Regulatory Research |language=en-US}}</ref>{{,}}.<ref>https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202401218 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref>
▲Since 6 July 2022 EDR regulation is applicable to new car models sold in the [[European Union]] and in the [[European economic area]] but this move has been met with criticism as this standard is not stringent enough.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://etsc.eu/july-6th-2022-vehicle-safety-in-europe-takes-a-giant-leap-forward/ | title=July 6th 2022 – Vehicle safety in Europe takes a giant leap forward | publisher=ETSC }}</ref>
==Operation==
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In addition to the required data, NHTSA also set standards for 30 other types of data to be recorded if EDRs were voluntarily configured. For example, if a manufacturer configured an EDR to record engine RPMs or ABS activity, then the EDR would have to record 5 seconds of those pre-crash data in half-second increments.
Besides the requirement that all data be able to survive a
==EDR Needs for ADAS==
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===N.J. Governor Jon Corzine===
On 12 April 2007, [[Governor of New Jersey|N.J. Governor]] [[Jon Corzine]] was seriously injured in an automobile accident. According to the superintendent of state police, an event data recorder in the [[SUV]] he was traveling in recorded he was traveling at about
===Mass. Lt. Governor Tim Murray===
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=== Antonio Boparan-Singh ===
The first such use of EDR evidence in the [[United Kingdom]] was at [[Birmingham Crown Court]] during the trial of Antonio Boparan-Singh who crashed the [[Range Rover Sport]] he was driving into a [[Jeep]] in 2006. The accident left a baby girl paralyzed and the driver, who was aged 19 at the time of the incident, was sentenced to 21 months in prison. The EDR evidence allowed investigators to determine the driver was speeding at
=== Others ===
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{{ISBN|978-92-79-41307-0}}
doi 10.2832/66709
</ref>
Ownership of EDR data in Europe is not clearly defined<ref name="ppr707" /> like in the US.<ref name="Jan Paul Peters / Hans Bot">{{cite web |url=https://www.eudarts-group.com/edr-in-europe |title=Latest update about the new General Safety Regulation |author1=Jan Paul Peters |author2=Hans Bot |date=April 18, 2019 |access-date=2020-12-06}}</ref>
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The Event Data Recorder (EDR) is one of the systems to become mandatory in mid-2022 for new types of passenger cars and vans under the revised General Vehicle Safety Regulation 2019/2144. It will help to obtain more accurate and complete accidentology data to be used for accident research and analysis.
Since 6 July 2022 EDR regulation is applicable to new car models sold in the [[European Union]] and in the [[European economic area]] but criticism exist as this standard is not enough stringent.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://etsc.eu/july-6th-2022-vehicle-safety-in-europe-takes-a-giant-leap-forward/ | title=July 6th 2022 – Vehicle safety in Europe takes a giant leap forward | ETSC | date=5 July 2022 }}</ref>
Compared to UN regulation 160, EU adds requirements related to data retrieval, privacy and security of data.
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* [http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43651.pdf? "Black Boxes" in Passenger Vehicles: Policy Issues] [[Congressional Research Service]]
* [http://reviews.cnet.com/4520-3513_7-6731442-1.html Is Your Car Spying On You?]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040924095047/http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/pr_1616.html World's First Motor Vehicle 'Black Box' Standard Created at IEEE]
* [http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/gnss2004unsw/YIP,%20Alan%20P226.pdf Integrating GPS with Standalone MVEDR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206235215/http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/gnss2004unsw/YIP,%20Alan%20P226.pdf |date=2012-02-06 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080904234213/http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1616/2002043027Boyell.pdf Availability and Accessibility of MVEDR Data]
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