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| image_size = 300px
| alt =
| caption = Gaganyaan Astronaut
| country = India
| organization = [[Human Space Flight Centre]] ([[ISRO]])
| purpose = [[Human spaceflight]]
| programme = y
| cost = {{INRConvert|
| status = Active
| duration = 2006–present<ref>{{cite web |title=Scientists Discuss Indian Manned Space Mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/07-nov-2006/scientists-discuss-indian-manned-space-mission |access-date=13 January 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203522/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/07-nov-2006/scientists-discuss-indian-manned-space-mission |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| firstflight = [[Gaganyaan-1]] (Q4 2025)<ref name="ti-20221221">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gaganyaan-launch-delayed-manned-mission-now-in-fourth-quarter-of-2024/articleshow/96406198.cms |title=Gaganyaan launch delayed: Manned mission now in 'fourth quarter of 2024' |work=Times of India |date=21 December 2022 |access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref>
| firstcrewed = [[Gaganyaan|Gaganyaan-4]] (NET Q1 2027)<ref name="pib.gov.in"/>
| lastflight =
| successes =
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| native_name_r =
}}
The '''Indian Human Spaceflight programme''' (or the ''[[Gaganyaan]] programme'') is an ongoing programme by
Before the ''[[Gaganyaan]]'' mission announcement in August 2018, human spaceflight was not a priority for ISRO,
If completed successfully, India will become the fourth [[nation state|nation]] to conduct independent human spaceflight after the [[Soviet Union]], United States, and China. After conducting the first crewed spaceflights, the agency intends to start a [[ISRO space station|space station]] programme, crewed [[Moon landing|lunar landings]], and crewed [[Interplanetary spaceflight|interplanetary]] missions in the long term.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news| title = India eying an indigenous station in space |url = https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/india-planning-to-have-own-space-station-isro-chief/article27897953.ece| date = 13 June 2019| access-date = 13 June 2019| work =[[Business Line|The Hindu Business Line]]}}</ref><ref name="HTSep20"/>
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== History ==
[[File:ISRO-designed Astronaut Space Suit.jpg|thumb|Prototype flight suit for crewed mission]]
[[File:Rakesh Sharma Chest Patch.svg|thumb
On April 3,1984, [[Rakesh Sharma]] became the first
On August 9, 2007, the then Chairman of the ISRO, [[G. Madhavan Nair]], indicated the agency was "seriously considering" the creation of a human spaceflight programme. He further indicated that within a year, ISRO would report on its development of new space capsule technologies.<ref name=":6">{{cite news | url = http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/008200708091621.htm | title=ISRO considering manned space mission: Nair |work=The Hindu |___location=Chennai, India | date=9 August 2007}}</ref> Development of a fully autonomous [[Spacecraft|orbital vehicle]] to carry a two-member crew into [[low Earth orbit]] (LEO) began a few months after that when the government allocated {{INRConvert|95|c|1}} for pre-project initiatives for 2007 through 2008. A crewed orbital spaceflight would require about {{INRConvert|12400|c|1}} and a period of seven years of development. The Planning Commission estimated that a budget of {{INRConvert|5000|c|1}} was required for initial work during 2007–2012 for the crewed spaceflight.<ref name=pl>{{cite web |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in:80/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/wg11_subspace.pdf |title=Eleventh Five year Plan (2007–12) proposals for Indian space programme|access-date=21 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061627/http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/wg11_subspace.pdf |archive-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=bs2>{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=336718&chkFlg= | title = ISRO plans manned mission to moon in 2014 | work=Business Standard}}</ref> In February 2009, the Government of India authorized the human space flight programme,<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8483787.stm "India announces first manned space mission"]. BBC. 27 January 2010</ref> but fell short of fully funding it or creating the programme.
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As per the [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU), [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) will provide support for the Human Space Mission with critical human-centric systems and technologies like space-grade food, crew healthcare, radiation measurement and protection, parachutes for safe recovery of the crew module, fire suppression systems, etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/science/gaganyaan-drdo-to-provide-special-space-food-and-emergency-survival-kit-for-isros-manned-mission/1888944/|title=Gaganyaan: DRDO to provide special space food and emergency survival kit for ISRO's manned mission|date=2020-03-04|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref> [[Defence Food Research Laboratory]] (DFRL) has worked on the [[space food]] for the crew and has been conducting trials on a [[G-suit]] for astronauts as well.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2016/dec/03/def-lab-works-on-food-for-spaceflight-crew-1545121.html| title=Def lab works on food for spaceflight crew| work=The New Indian Express| access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-dosa-or-dum-aloo-what-will-india-s-first-astronauts-eat-1360741| title=Dosa or dum aloo. What will India's first astronauts eat?| date=2010-03-19| work=DNA| access-date=2018-08-18| language=en-US}}</ref> A prototype called "Advanced Crew Escape Suit" weighing 13 kg and built by Sure Safety (India) Private Limited has been tested and performance verified.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?id=74871&boxid=3575&ed_date=2015-12-02&ed_code=1310005&ed_page=16|title=AHMEDABAD DNA G & G [PG 16] : Vadodara-based company develops space suit for ISRO|website=epaper.dnaindia.com|access-date=2018-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819011202/http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?id=74871&boxid=3575&ed_date=2015-12-02&ed_code=1310005&ed_page=16|archive-date=19 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/gujarats-firms-helping-isro-shape-up-manned-space-mission/| title=Gujarat's firms helping ISRO shape up 'manned space mission' |date=2015-11-03 |work=The Indian Express| access-date=2018-08-18 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=IndiaTV|title=Gujarat's Firm Develops India's First Space Suit for ISRO {{!}} Make in India|date=2016-02-12|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LNpD7CXwMY|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://164.100.47.190/loksabhaquestions/annex/10/AU213.pdf| title=Government of India, Department of Space, Unstarred Question number 213 LokSabha| date=16 November 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818202916/http://164.100.47.190/loksabhaquestions/annex/10/AU213.pdf| archive-date=18 August 2018| access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref> While the crew module is designed to carry a total of 3 passengers, the maiden crewed mission may only have one or two crews on board.<ref name="HTJan2020">{{Cite news|author=Anonna Dutt|date=2020-01-08|title=India's first manned mission Gaganyaan may take 1 astronaut|newspaper=Hindustan Times|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-first-manned-mission-gaganyaan-may-take-1-astronaut/story-nh095IVken3trSu0V1wVnK.html|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>
Having shown success in all preliminary tests,<ref>{{cite press release |title=ISRO to send first Indian into Space by 2022 as announced by PM, says Dr Jitendra Singh |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=183103 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |agency= Department of Space |date=28 August 2018}}</ref> the decisive push for the creation of the Human Spaceflight Programme (HSP) took place in 2017,<ref name="Kadursrinivas 2017">{{cite web |last1=Rao |first1=Mukund Kadursrinivas |last2=Murthi |first2=Sridhara, K. R. |last3=Prasad M. Y. S. |title=THE DECISION FOR INDIAN HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAMME - POLITICAL PERSPECTIVES, NATIONAL RELEVANCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES |url=http://eprints.nias.res.in/1359/1/2017-MK-Rao-IAC-17-B3-1-9-IndianHumanSpaceFlightFullPaper.pdf |publisher= International Astronautical Federation}}</ref> and it was accepted and formally announced by the Prime Minister on August 15, 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian will take national flag to space on board Gaganyaan by 2022, says PM Narendra Modi in Independence Day speech |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-will-take-national-flag-to-space-on-board-gaganyaan-by-2022-says-pm-narendra-modi-in-independence-day-speech/story-ctNAmDef79gbpj7OHrU8dP.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The funding is approximately Rs 10,000 crore. The testing phase was expected to begin in December 2020, and the first crewed mission was to be undertaken in December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://thewire.in/space/cabinet-clears-rs-10000-crore-for-indian-spaceflight-programme-target-is-2022| title=Cabinet Okays ISRO's Human Spaceflight Programme for Rs 10,000 Crore| website=The Wire| access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref> However, on June 11, 2020, it was announced that the overall schedule for the ''Gaganyaan'' launches had been postponed due to the impact of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], in turn revising the timetable for the HSP.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Chethan|date=11 June 2020|title=Gaganyaan mission: No Gaganyaan unmanned flight this year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/no-gaganyaan-unmanned-flight-this-year/articleshow/76315319.cms|access-date=2020-06-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> As of December 2022, the first uncrewed test flight is scheduled to launch no earlier than mid-2024,<ref name="toi-20210722" /> with the uncrewed second and crewed third flights to follow afterward.<ref name="tp-20221204" /> As per ISRO, the initial review process is complete for food, potable water, emergency first aid kits, and health monitoring systems for the ''Gaganyaan'' mission until March 16, 2021.<ref>{{
On August 4, 2024, ISRO, NASA and [[SpaceX]] announced that an Indian astronaut, [[Shubhanshu Shukla]], would serve as a pilot on board [[Axiom Mission 4]], a private [[Crew Dragon]] mission, to the ISS to become the second ever Indian to travel to space with the express goal of gaining experience for future ISRO crewed missions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foust |first1=Jeff |title=Hungary and Poland to join India on Ax-4 |url=https://spacenews.com/hungary-and-poland-to-join-india-on-ax-4/ |website=[[SpaceNews]] |access-date=18 February 2025}}</ref> The mission was launched on June 25, 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2025/06/09/live-coverage-spacex-to-launch-fourth-commercial-axiom-mission-to-the-space-station/|title=Live coverage: SpaceX to launch fourth commercial Axiom mission to the space station|date=June 25, 2025}}</ref>
== Spacecraft developments ==
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! [[Gaganyaan-1]] (Test Flight 1)
| TBA
|
| {{N/A}}
| rowspan="4" | [[LVM3]]
| 2 days
| [[Technology demonstration]]
| Integration and Testing
|-
! [[Gaganyaan-2]] (Test Flight 2)
| TBA
| NET
| {{N/A}}
| 2 days
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! [[Gaganyaan-3]] (Test Flight 3)
| TBD
| NET
| {{N/A}}
| 2 days
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! [[Gaganyaan-4]] (Crewed Flight)
| TBD
| NET
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubhanshu Shukla]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Path to Space: Group Captain Shukla Commands Gaganyaan {{!}} Headlines |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/3480764-indias-path-to-space-group-captain-shukla-commands-gaganyaan |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Devdiscourse |language=en}}</ref><br>{{flagicon|IND}} TBD<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO yet to take call on number of astronauts |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/isro-yet-to-take-call-on-number-of-astronauts-595220/ |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
| TBD
| First crewed flight
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|}
[[File:Gaganyaan drop test to G1.webp|thumb|Gaganyaan development timeline|313x313px]]
The first phase of this programme is to develop and fly the 3.7-ton spacecraft called ''[[Gaganyaan]]'' with the capacity to carry a 3-member crew in low Earth orbit and safely return to Earth after a mission duration of a few orbits to two days.<ref name="toi-20211111">{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Surendra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-stalled-gaganyaan-project-manned-mission-will-finally-be-launched-in-2023-isro-chief/articleshow/87650517.cms |title=Covid stalled Gaganyaan project, manned mission will finally be launched in 2023: Isro chief |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 November 2021 |access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> The extendable version of the spaceship will allow flights up to seven days, rendezvous and docking capability. Before the flight of the ''Gaganyaan'' module, Group Captain [[Shubhanshu Shukla]]
In the next phase, enhancements will lead to the development of a small habitat, allowing spaceflight durations of 30–40 days at once. Further advances based on experience will subsequently lead to development of a [[space station]].<ref>{{cite news| title=We're talking of habitation on moon, Mars...we have to know how to adapt: ISRO chief K. Sivan| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-chief-k-sivan-interview-habitation-on-moon-mars-5545632/}}</ref>
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=== Human-Rating of LVM3 ===
[[File:HLVM3.svg|thumb|2D representation of ISRO's Human Rated LVM3.]]
Human-rating
ISRO has been modifying propulsion modules of various stages of the rocket for human rating. Theoretical parameters for human rating were expected to be achieved by August or September 2020 to be followed by simulations and three test launches.<ref name = "TOIMarch2020"/>{{update inline|date=March 2024}}
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=== Escape System ===
[[File:TVD1-Brochure elements 22.png|thumb|launch escape system|left]]
ISRO
A new test vehicle was designed in early 2020 for the validation of the crew escape system. The vehicle was built for in-flight crew escape of crew and possesses propulsion on top of the module to pull the module away to a safe distance.<ref name = "TOIMarch2020">{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Chethan|title=Gaganyaan: Isro designs new vehicle to test crew escape systems|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gaganyaan-isro-designs-new-vehicle-to-test-crew-escape-systems/articleshow/74410901.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2020-02-29|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref>
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===Communication===
The spacecraft is expected to communicate with [[ISTRAC]] and other partner
==Astronauts==
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===Astronaut selection and training===
In the spring of 2009, a full-scale mock-up of the crew capsule was built and delivered to Satish Dhawan Space Centre for astronaut training.
ISRO signed a memorandum of understanding in 2009 with the [[Indian Air Force]]'s Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) to conduct preliminary research on the psychological and physiological needs of the crew and the development of training facilities.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2481/1| title=The Space Review: Prospects for the Indian human spaceflight program| website=www.thespacereview.com| access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/tztJqS1r9fxpkbKedwz6lN/Isro-unit-to-start-building-space-capsule-for-manned-mission.html| title=Isro unit to start building space capsule for manned mission| website=Livemint.com| date=23 March 2010| access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref> IAM played a key role in determining astronaut training, the design of the crew capsule as per the anthropometric dimensions of the Indian population and a number of control and environmental systems as per psychological and physiological needs.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Anantha Krishnan M|title=IAM to play pivotal role after Indian astronaut selects return from Russia|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2020/05/22/gaganyaan-unplugged-isro-indian-astronauts-space-mission.html|publisher=Malayala Manorama|date=2020-05-23|access-date=2020-09-01}}</ref>
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An astronaut training facility will be established on a proposed {{convert|140|acre|km2}} site near [[Kempegowda International Airport]] in [[Devanahalli]], Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/beyond-space-isro-plans-to-place-indians-on-the-moon/articleshow/67500457.cms|title=Beyond space: Isro plans to place Indians on the Moon |website=The Times of India|date=12 January 2019 |access-date=2019-01-12}}</ref>
[[ISRO]]'s [[Human Space Flight Centre]] and [[Glavcosmos]],
As selection criteria require test pilot experience, any females will not be part of the first Indian crewed spaceflight. The first crewed flight will consist of a crew of three with one backup and this team of four went to Russia for astronaut training.<ref name = "AstrotalkUK"/>
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[[File:Crafting India's Space future at the Gaganyaan Astronaut Training Facility.webm|thumb|right|[[Gaganyaan]] crew training video]]
In December 2019, the selection process came to a close,<ref name="THDec2019">{{Cite news|title=Tests for an unmanned mission by 2020-end, says ISRO chief|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/unmanned-test-mission-by-end-of-next-year/article30420219.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2019-12-28|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pinto|first=Nolan|title=4 astronauts identified for Gaganyaan mission: Isro chief K Sivan|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/gaganyaan-4-astronauts-identified-isro-k-sivan-1633024-2020-01-01|newspaper=IndiaToday|date=2020-01-01|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> and four candidates began their 12-month training at the [[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center]] on February 10, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.roscosmos.ru/21248/|title=News. Indian candidates for a human spaceflight start training in Russia|website=en.roscosmos.ru|language=en|access-date=2020-02-10|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305082234/http://en.roscosmos.ru/21248/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The astronauts were trained for abnormal landings in various terrains, including forests, rivers, and sea.<ref name = "TOIMarch2020"/>
In February 2020, Indian astronaut candidates completed their winter survival training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/gaganyaan-four-iaf-pilots-complete-winter-survival-training-at-russia-centre-6311607/|title=Gaganyaan: Four IAF pilots complete winter survival training at Russia centre|date=2020-03-13|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gctc.ru/main.php?id=4893|title=Центр подготовки космонавтов им. Ю.А.Гагарина. Официальный Web-сайт|website=www.gctc.ru|language=ru|access-date=2020-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.roscosmos.ru/28118/|title=Новости. Очередные "зимние выживания" космонавтов|website=www.roscosmos.ru|access-date=2020-03-15}}</ref>
ISRO has also proposed a{{INRConvert|2700|c|lk=on}} plan to establish an astronaut training centre at [[Challakere]] in [[Chitradurga]] district. The facility would take at least 2–3 years to be established after the government's approval.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Madhumathi D.S.|title=Challakere to be ISRO's astronaut training hub|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/challakere-to-be-isros-astronaut-training-hub/article30489101.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2020-01-06|access-date=2020-01-06}}</ref> Following their training in Russia for unexpected and extreme situations, Indian astronauts were to return to India in March 2021 for the rest of their training in an Indian module.<ref name="HTSep20">{{Cite news|last=Dutt|first=Anonna|___location=New Delhi|title=Gaganyaan mission: Astronauts to undergo Isro module next year|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gaganyaan-mission-astronauts-to-undergo-isro-module-next-year/story-t4FPl0e2b7sLMgqyJ6QoyH.html|date=2020-09-18|access-date=2020-09-21|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530200914/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gaganyaan-mission-astronauts-to-undergo-isro-module-next-year/story-t4FPl0e2b7sLMgqyJ6QoyH.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], training was put on hold from March 28,
On the 91st [[Indian Air Force]] Day in 2023, the IAF released a video on [[Twitter]], sharing a glimpse of the astronauts (without revealing their faces) training for the ''Gaganyaan'' mission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: Indian Air Force shares 'first-look' of India's ISRO Gaganyaan Astronauts |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-indian-air-force-shares-first-look-of-indias-isro-gaganyaan-astronauts-642235 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=WION |date=3 October 2023 |language=en-us}}</ref> While two or three out of the four astronauts will be selected to fly on the first crewed flight, one of the
===Candidates announcement and First crew===
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They were given Indian [[astronaut wings]] and the Gaganyaan mission logo and moto.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Group Captain Prashanth Nair among four test pilots for Gaganyaan Mission; PM Modi to announce all 4 names today |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/group-captain-prashanth-nair-among-four-test-pilots-for-gaganyaan-mission-pm-modi-to-announce-all-4-names-today-419039-2024-02-27 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-27 |title=Nair, Prathap, Krishnan and Chauhan listed for Gaganyaan mission |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nair-prathap-krishnan-and-chauhan-listed-for-gaganyaan-mission/articleshow/108022351.cms |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The Indo-US joint mission astronaut is Shubhanshu Shukla, while [[Prasanth Nair]] was selected as his backup. Both were thus selected to train at [[NASA]] facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-03 |title=Who is Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the 'prime astronaut' for Indo-US mission to space? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/who-is-shubhanshu-shukla-indo-us-space-mission-9492109/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
The
=== Ground uniform ===
The ground uniforms were developed by
=== Space food ===
{{update|date=March 2024}}
The [[Mysore]]-based [[Defence Food Research Laboratory]] (DFRL), a unit of the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO),
=== Space medicine ===
{{expand section|date=March 2024}}
India sent two flight surgeons to Russia and France
[[Gaganyaan]] and the Indian Human Spaceflight programme are coming up, hence ISRO Chairman [[S. Somanath]] encouraged the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] (NIMHANS) to come up with solutions for spaceflight astronauts' psychological health.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-10-03 |title=NIMHANS should provide solutions for psychological well-being of astronauts in space: ISRO Chairman |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/nimhans-should-provide-solutions-for-psychological-well-being-of-astronauts-in-space-isro-chairman/article68714424.ece |access-date=2024-10-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
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==Space station==
{{main|Bharatiya Antariksha Station}}
India plans to deploy Bharatiya Antariksha Station, a 52-tonne [[space station]]
[[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]] is working to develop [[Docking and berthing of spacecraft|spacecraft docking and berthing]] technology, with initial funding of ₹10 [[crore]] cleared in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-project-that-can-aid-refuel-repair-of-satellites-in-space-gets-push/articleshow/58467493.cms |title=ISRO: Isro project that can aid refuel, repair of satellites in space gets push |last=Kumar| first=Chethan|date=2 May 2017| website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> A Space Docking Experiment, or [[SPADEX]], is
==See also==
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* [https://www.isro.gov.in/Gaganyaan.html Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928235713/http://www.gujaratglobal.com/nextSub.php?id=1877&catype=NEWS President Kalam's vision: India will land on the Moon in August 2025]
* [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/human-space-flight-prog-hal-hands-over-crew-module-assembly-to-isro/article5685195.ece Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) hands over the first
{{Public sector space agencies}}
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[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Gaganyaan]]
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